scholarly journals Policies and Standards for “Double Control” of Total Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 01019
Author(s):  
Qing Ding ◽  
Pengcheng Li ◽  
Haihong Chen ◽  
Meng Liu ◽  
Sinan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Standard System ◽  
Control Action ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Total Energy Consumption

This paper introduces the background of goals regarding “double control” of total energy consumption and energy intensity, sorts out policies regarding “double control” action and their implementation, and points out that the standards for “double control” are efficient for the realization of “double control” goals. This paper also analyzes the shortcomings of standards for “double control” and gives some suggestions on the construction of the standard system for “double control” considering the demands of standards for “double control” and current status of the energy conservation standardizations in China.

scholarly journals Research on Standard System for “Double Control” of Total Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 01020
Author(s):  
Qing Ding ◽  
Haihong Chen ◽  
Pengcheng Li ◽  
Meng Liu ◽  
Ling Lin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Standard System ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Intensity Control ◽  
The Future ◽  
Consumption Control

The significance of the principles and methods for building the standard system for “double control” was analyzed. A framework of standard system for “double control” was preliminarily built, comprising three subsystems of fundamental common, total energy consumption control and energy intensity control. The features and shortcomings of standards for “double control” was analyzed, as a reference for the continuous improvement of the standard system for “double control”, as well as the research and preparation of key standards in the future.

An Updated Estimate for Energy Use in U.S. Food Production and Policy Implications

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda D. Cuellar ◽  
Michael E. Webber
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Food System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Food Consumed

In this work we estimate the amount of energy required to produce the food consumed in the United States in 2002 and 2007. Data from government sources and the scientific literature were used to calculate the energy intensity of food production from agriculture, transportation, manufacturing, food sales, storage and preparation. Most data were from 2002; consequently we scaled all data from other years to 2002 by using ratios of total energy consumption in 2002 to total energy consumption in the year data were reported. We concluded that food production required at least 7,880±733 trillion BTU in 2002 and 8,080±752 trillion BTU of energy in 2007, over a third of which came from food handling in homes, restaurants and grocery stores. The energy used to produce food represents approximately 8% of energy consumption. Our estimate is for the energy required to produce the food consumed in the United States and takes into account food imports and exports. To account for net food exports in the agriculture sector we calculated values for the energy intensity of ten food categories and then used the mass of domestic food consumption in each category to calculate the energy embedded in the food consumed in the United States. The amount of energy required to produce the food consumed in the United States has policy implications because it is a substantial fraction of total energy consumption and is responsible for a commensurate amount of greenhouse gas emissions. There are many opportunities for decreasing the energy intensity of food production at all steps of the food system. Education of the public and policy measures that promote energy efficiency in the food sector have the potential for decreasing food waste and the energy intensity of the food system.

Energy Flow Analysis and Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction in Sichuan Province, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 521 ◽  
pp. 819-824
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Xi Yu Feng ◽  
Guan Huang ◽  
Han Qing Huan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Average Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Pollutants Emission

Based on the relative data and materials, the energy flowchart of Sichuan province in 2008 was drew at first, then the energy input, output, consumption, corresponding pollutants emission of Sichuan province from 2000 to 2008 were analysed simultaneously. The results show that the total energy consumption reaches up to about 15144.96 tons of standard coal in 2008, the average annual growth rate is 8.42%. Coal and non-fossil energy consumption accounts for 65.35% and 8.44% of total energy consumption respectively. SO2 emissions decreases by an average annual rate of 4.03% since 2005, but NOX and CO2 emissions increases with average annual growth rate of 6.58% and 8.37% respectively. In addition, the energy consumption and pollutants emission of Sichuan province during "the 12th Five-Year Plan" are predicted and analysed within different scenario, then the development plan is proposed. Finally, suggestions of energy conservation and emission reduction in Sichuan province are proposed.

scholarly journals Current Status and Future Trend of Urban Low-Carbon Transportation in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Linglai Xin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Total Energy Consumption

<p>The concept and connotation of urban low-carbon transportation are put forward and expounded. The status of energy consumption and carbon emission of urban transportation since 2000 in China is analyzed. The analysis shows that the total energy consumption and CO2 emission of urban transportation has increased rapidly, and public transportation has the lowest carbon emission intensity among all kinds of motor vehicles. The construction of urban low-carbon transportation in China faces the following problems: the development speed of public transportation lags behind; the non-motorization degree of residents’ travel structure has decreased greatly; the lack of effective demand management, weak awareness of energy conservation and emission reduction; and the urban transportation management system is incompatible with the construction of urban low-carbon transportation Based on the analysis of the present situation, this article puts forward three strategic directions and five main measures for the construction of low-carbon transportation in Chinese cities. Transportation industry is a basic service industry and a key area of urban energy conservation and emission reduction. Effective measures should be taken to accelerate the development of urban low-carbon transportation from the aspects of urban transportation planning, construction and operation.</p>

scholarly journals Examining the Dynamics and Determinants of Energy Consumption in China’s Megacity Based on Industrial and Residential Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 764
Author(s):  
Changjian Wang ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Gengzhi Huang ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Xinlin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Level Energy ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Moderate Growth

Cities are regarded as the main areas for conducting strategies for energy sustainability and climate adaptation, specifically in the world’s top energy consumer—China. To uncover dynamic features and main drivers for the city-level energy consumption, a comprehensive and systematic city-level total energy consumption accounting approach was established and applied in China’s megacity, which has the highest industrial electricity consumption. Compared with previous studies, this study systematically analyzes drivers for energy consumption based on industrial and residential perspectives. Additionally, this study analyzes not only the mechanisms by which population size, economic growth, and energy intensity affect energy consumption but also the effects of population and industry structural factors. According to the extended Logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method, the main conclusions drawn from this research are as follows: (1) The total energy consumption of Suzhou presented an overall increasing trend, with 2006–2012 as a rapid growth stage and 2013–2016 as a moderate growth stage. (2) The energy consumption structure was mainly dominated by coal, which was followed by outsourced electricity and natural gas. (3) Scale-related factors have dominated changes in energy consumption, and structural and technological factors have had profound effects on energy consumption in different development periods. (4) Population size and economic output were the main drivers for increments in industrial energy consumption, whereas energy intensity and economic structure performed the important curbing effects. The income effect of urban residents was the biggest driver behind the increase in residential energy consumption, whereas energy intensity was the main limiter. These findings provide a scientific basis for an in-depth understanding of the determinants of the evolution of urban energy consumption in China’s megacity, including similar cities or urban areas in the developing world.

scholarly journals Energy Audit: A Case Study in FTK Building Universiti Malaysia Pahang

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Roziah Zailan ◽  
Mohd Tarmizy Che Kar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Index ◽  
Energy Audit ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation Measures

The energy audit program was carried out for Faculty of Engineering Technology (FTK), University Malaysia Pahang by internal energy audit team. This paper presented annual energy consumption trend for FTK building, measurement finding for room data survey (air conditioning temperature and humidity comfort performance & CO2 level for air quality) and lighting, Building Energy Index (BEI) value and appropriate recommendation in regards of energy saving practice and technological solution. According to those analysis, value for Building Energy Index (BEI) in FTK building is 98.035 kWh/m2/year, Air Conditioning Energy Index (ACEI) is 73.254 kWh/m2/year while for Lighting Energy Index (LEI) is 11.402 kWh/m2/year. Total energy consumption estimated for 2017 is 31, 7951.375 kWh per year. The implementation of the proposed energy conservation measures were expected to give positive results where the total cost saving per year is estimated about RM 48,551.20. Finally, it was recommended to implement three major energy conservation measures (ECMs) in specific: implementation of Sustainable energy management system (SEMS), maintenance of air conditioning system and retrofitting of LED lighting. As a result, FTK is targeted to achieve 30% annual energy saving about from the total energy consumption.

Energy savings potential of new aeration system: Full scale trials

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lazić ◽  
V. Larsson ◽  
Å. Nordenborg
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Aeration System ◽  
Fine Bubble ◽  
Aeration Control

The objective of this work is to decrease energy consumption of the aeration system at a mid-size conventional wastewater treatment plant in the south of Sweden where aeration consumes 44% of the total energy consumption of the plant. By designing an energy optimised aeration system (with aeration grids, blowers, controlling valves) and then operating it with a new aeration control system (dissolved oxygen cascade control and most open valve logic) one can save energy. The concept has been tested in full scale by comparing two treatment lines: a reference line (consisting of old fine bubble tube diffusers, old lobe blowers, simple DO control) with a test line (consisting of new Sanitaire Silver Series Low Pressure fine bubble diffusers, a new screw blower and the Flygt aeration control system). Energy savings with the new aeration system measured as Aeration Efficiency was 65%. Furthermore, 13% of the total energy consumption of the whole plant, or 21 000 €/year, could be saved when the tested line was operated with the new aeration system.

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