scholarly journals Regarding some aspects of economic feasibility for the transport integrated use in favor of environmental security

2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 05001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Kazaryan
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
European Area ◽  
High Dynamics

The transport system in Russia and the transport support issues of national security differ completely from the Occident and other developed countries due to geostrategic and natural climatic conditions of our country. The integrated transport system, where in a sufficiently coherent manner used are the roads and railways, domestic water and air ways, pipeline transport, is more developed in the European area of the country. However there is no assessment of economic feasibility for the integrated transport lines. Firstly, assessment criteria for the transport support efficiency in favor of environmental security; secondly, mathematical economic models of various transport types integrated use in favor of environmental security; thirdly, economic feasibility methods for transport integrated use in favor of environmental security, that unavoidably leads to unreasonable transport operations using the existing rail and water ways at little distances, and increases their base cost by several times versus the transport by road. High dynamics of transport support for economic, demographic and environmental security within a market economy require the development of approach for the transport integrated use in favor of Russia national security. This article describes some practical recommendations for transport systems control bodies.

scholarly journals Aspects of economic feasibility for the transport integrated use in favor of environmental security

2018 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 01009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Kazaryan
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
European Area ◽  
High Dynamics

The transport system in Russia and the transport support issues of national security differ completely from the Occident and other developed countries due to geostrategic and natural climatic conditions of our country. The integrated transport system, where in a sufficiently coherent manner used are the roads and railways, domestic water and air ways, pipeline transport, is more developed in the European area of the country. However, there is no assessment of economic feasibility for the integrated transport lines system. Firstly, assessment criteria for the transport support efficiency in favor of environmental security; secondly, mathematical economic models of various transport types integrated use in favor of environmental security; thirdly, economic feasibility methods for transport integrated use in favor of environmental security, that unavoidably leads to unreasonable transport operations using the existing rail and water ways at little distances, and increases their base cost by several times versus the transport by road. High dynamics of transport support for economic, demographic and environmental security within a market economy require the development of approach for the transport integrated use in favor of Russia national security. This article describes some practical recommendations for transport systems control bodies regarding the efficiency improvement of their use in favor of environmental security.

Heave Induced Internal Flow Fluctuations in Vertical Transport Systems for Deep Ocean Mining

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan D. A. Hannot ◽  
Jort M. van Wijk
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Vertical Transport ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Ship Motions ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Mining System ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Ocean Mining

Deep ocean mining systems will have to operate often in harsh weather conditions with heavy sea states. A typical mining system consists of a Mining Support Vessel (MSV) with a Vertical Transport System (VTS) attached to it. The transport system is a pump pipeline system using centrifugal pumps. The heave motions of the ship are transferred to the pump system due to the riser-ship coupling. Ship motions thus will have a significant influence on the internal flow in the VTS. In this paper, the influence of heave motions on the internal flow in the VTS for a typical mining system for Seafloor Massive Sulfide (SMS) deposits in Papua New Guinea is analyzed. Data on the wave climate in the PNG region is used to compute the ship motions of a coupled MSV-VTS. The ship motions then are translated into forces acting on the internal flow in order to compute fluctuations in the internal flow. In this way, the workability of the mining system with respect to the system’s production can be assessed. Based on a detailed analysis of the internal flow in relation to ship motions, the relevance of a coupled analysis for the design of VTS is made clear. This paper provides a method for performing such analyses.

scholarly journals Trk2 Potassium Transport System in Streptococcus mutans and Its Role in Potassium Homeostasis, Biofilm Formation, and Stress Tolerance

2016 ◽  
Vol 198 (7) ◽  
pp. 1087-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gursonika Binepal ◽  
Kamal Gill ◽  
Paula Crowley ◽  
Martha Cordova ◽  
L. Jeannine Brady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Dental Biofilm

ABSTRACTPotassium (K+) is the most abundant cation in the fluids of dental biofilm. The biochemical and biophysical functions of K+and a variety of K+transport systems have been studied for most pathogenic bacteria but not for oral pathogens. In this study, we establish the modes of K+acquisition inStreptococcus mutansand the importance of K+homeostasis for its virulence attributes. TheS. mutansgenome harbors four putative K+transport systems that included two Trk-like transporters (designated Trk1 and Trk2), one glutamate/K+cotransporter (GlnQHMP), and a channel-like K+transport system (Kch). Mutants lacking Trk2 had significantly impaired growth, acidogenicity, aciduricity, and biofilm formation. [K+] less than 5 mM eliminated biofilm formation inS. mutans. The functionality of the Trk2 system was confirmed by complementing anEscherichia coliTK2420 mutant strain, which resulted in significant K+accumulation, improved growth, and survival under stress. Taken together, these results suggest that Trk2 is the main facet of the K+-dependent cellular response ofS. mutansto environment stresses.IMPORTANCEBiofilm formation and stress tolerance are important virulence properties of caries-causingStreptococcus mutans. To limit these properties of this bacterium, it is imperative to understand its survival mechanisms. Potassium is the most abundant cation in dental plaque, the natural environment ofS. mutans. K+is known to function in stress tolerance, and bacteria have specialized mechanisms for its uptake. However, there are no reports to identify or characterize specific K+transporters inS. mutans. We identified the most important system for K+homeostasis and its role in the biofilm formation, stress tolerance, and growth. We also show the requirement of environmental K+for the activity of biofilm-forming enzymes, which explains why such high levels of K+would favor biofilm formation.

RENEWABLE ENERGY INTEGRATION FOR HOT WATER SUPPLY AND HEATING OF BUILDINGS

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Yu. Selikhov ◽  
K. Gorbunov ◽  
V. Stasov
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
The Cost

Solar energy is widely used in solar systems, where economy and ecology are combined. Namely, this represents an important moment in the era of depletion of energy resources. The use of solar energy is a promising economical item for all countries of the world, meeting their interests also in terms of energy independence, thanks to which it is confidently gaining a stable position in the global energy sector. The cost of heat obtained through the use of solar installations largely depends on the radiation and climatic conditions of the area where the solar installation is used. The climatic conditions of our country, especially the south, make it possible to use the energy of the Sun to cover a significant part of the need for heat. A decrease in the reserves of fossil fuel and its rise in price have led to the development of optimal technical solutions, efficiency and economic feasibility of using solar installations. And today this is no longer an idle curiosity, but a conscious desire of homeowners to save not only their financial budget, but also health, which is possible only with the use of alternative energy sources, such as: double-circuit solar installations, geothermal heat pumps (HP), wind power generators. The problem is especially acute in the heat supply of housing and communal services (HCS), where the cost of fuel for heat production is several times higher than the cost of electricity. The main disadvantages of centralized heat supply sources are low energy, economic and environmental efficiency. And high transport tariffs for the delivery of energy carriers and frequent accidents on heating mains exacerbate the negative factors inherent in traditional district heating. One of the most effective energy-saving methods that make it possible to save fossil fuel, reduce environmental pollution, and meet the needs of consumers in process heat is the use of heat pump technologies for heat production.

scholarly journals Determining the Extent of Territorial Transport Services When Using Rail Transport

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Milan Dedík ◽  
Jozef Gašparík ◽  
Nikolina Brnjac
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Transport Service ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Efficient Transport ◽  
Transport Potential

Abstract Planning the extent of transport services within a selected territory is a topical issue especially in the context of developing integrated transport systems. The objective of this research study is to design a sustainable system of public passenger transport that would be an alternative to expanding individual transport. The implementation of a quality and efficient transport service is a relatively complex process, since, currently, there are no generally applicable principles for its design. This manuscript presents general results of research aimed at solving the problem of transport service within a selected territory issue with a focus on rail transport as an efficient transport system representing a backbone of a transport system. The subject of the investigation is to compile a set of factors affecting the design of the transport concept. The output of the manuscript consists in a proposal of a generally applicable procedure including a calculation of transport potential and characteristics of the inputs. Subsequently, based on the resulting values, it will be possible to determine the extent of the transport services provided by rail transport in any territory, which will contribute to a more efficient and high quality theoretical graph of train running.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the security of the scope of culture expert method

2019 ◽  
pp. 115-125
Author(s):  
Sergiy Kuchyn
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Security Culture ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Weight Coefficients ◽  
Research Analysis

Introduction. Ensuring national security is an urgent task for modern Ukraine. The national culture and its infrastructure components are given special attention in developed countries. Achieving the pace of rapid development of the national economy is now an important scientific and practical task. Ensuring the security of the sphere of culture is one of the priority directions of state security policy. Methods. The following methods of scientific knowledge are used in the course of the research: analysis, synthesis, grouping, analytical method, forecast method, study of scientific and statistical sources, tabular method, expert method. Results. The article proposes an approach to assessing the level of security of the sphere of culture by the indices of macroeconomic and social and demographic security. The article has received a practical implementation of the approach to assessing the level of security of the sphere of culture by an expert method. The conducted research has allowed to reveal a state of safety of a sphere of culture. The weight coefficients of economic and social and demographic security indices are obtained. Discussion. The prospect of further exploration in this direction is to develop a method of the main components and comparative analysis to assess the level of national security and security of the sphere of culture. Keywords: macroeconomic, social and demographic, security, culture, expert method, algorithm, questionnaire.

scholarly journals Activities of Intelligence Services as a Synonymous of Fear and Intimidation

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
MA. Fisnik Sadiku ◽  
MA. Besnik Lokaj
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Intelligence Services ◽  
Clear Explanation ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Wide Range

Intelligence services are an important factor of national security. Their main role is to collect, process, analyze, and disseminate information on threats to the state and its population.Because of their “dark” activity, intelligence services for many ordinary citizens are synonymous of violence, fear and intimidation. This mostly comes out in theRepublicofKosovo, due to the murderous activities of the Serbian secret service in the past. Therefore, we will treat the work of intelligence services in democratic conditions, so that the reader can understand what is legitimate and legal of these services.In different countries of the world, security challenges continue to evolve and progress every day, and to fulfil these challenges, the state needs new ways of coordinating and developing the capability to shape the national security environment. However, the increase of intelligence in many countries has raised debates about legal and ethical issues regarding intelligence activities.Therefore, this paper will include a clear explanation of the term, meaning, process, transparency and secrecy, and the role that intelligence services have in analyzing potential threats to national security.The study is based on a wide range of print and electronic literature, including academic and scientific literature, and other documents of various intelligence agencies of developed countries.

scholarly journals The Glucuronic Acid Utilization Gene Cluster from Bacillus stearothermophilus T-6

1999 ◽  
Vol 181 (12) ◽  
pp. 3695-3704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smadar Shulami ◽  
Orit Gat ◽  
Abraham L. Sonenshein ◽  
Yuval Shoham
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Genomic Library ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Transcriptional Unit ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Potential Operator

ABSTRACT A λ-EMBL3 genomic library of Bacillus stearothermophilus T-6 was screened for hemicellulolytic activities, and five independent clones exhibiting β-xylosidase activity were isolated. The clones overlap each other and together represent a 23.5-kb chromosomal segment. The segment contains a cluster of xylan utilization genes, which are organized in at least three transcriptional units. These include the gene for the extracellular xylanase, xylanase T-6; part of an operon coding for an intracellular xylanase and a β-xylosidase; and a putative 15.5-kb-long transcriptional unit, consisting of 12 genes involved in the utilization of α-d-glucuronic acid (GlcUA). The first four genes in the potential GlcUA operon (orf1, -2, -3, and -4) code for a putative sugar transport system with characteristic components of the binding-protein-dependent transport systems. The most likely natural substrate for this transport system is aldotetraouronic acid [2-O-α-(4-O-methyl-α-d-glucuronosyl)-xylotriose] (MeGlcUAXyl3). The following two genes code for an intracellular α-glucuronidase (aguA) and a β-xylosidase (xynB). Five more genes (kdgK,kdgA, uxaC, uxuA, anduxuB) encode proteins that are homologous to enzymes involved in galacturonate and glucuronate catabolism. The gene cluster also includes a potential regulatory gene, uxuR, the product of which resembles repressors of the GntR family. The apparent transcriptional start point of the cluster was determined by primer extension analysis and is located 349 bp from the initial ATG codon. The potential operator site is a perfect 12-bp inverted repeat located downstream from the promoter between nucleotides +170 and +181. Gel retardation assays indicated that UxuR binds specifically to this sequence and that this binding is efficiently prevented in vitro by MeGlcUAXyl3, the most likely molecular inducer.

scholarly journals Comparison of Direct Inoculation and Copan Transport Systems for Isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeaefrom Endocervical Specimens

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 3583-3585 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Olsen ◽  
J. R. Schwebke ◽  
W. H. Benjamin ◽  
A. Beverly ◽  
K. B. Waites
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic ◽  
Direct Inoculation ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Culture Positive

Two commercial swab transport systems, Copan Amies gel agar with and without charcoal (Copan Diagnostics, Corona, Calif.), were compared to direct inoculation onto modified Thayer-Martin medium for detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in 1,490 endocervical specimens obtained from women attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. Copan swabs were held in the transport system for 24 h at room temperature prior to inoculation onto modified Thayer-Martin medium. All cultures were incubated at 35°C in 5% CO2, and bacteria were identified on the basis of Gram stain, oxidase, and biochemical reactions. Copan Amies gel agar transport system without charcoal detected 77 of 81 (95%) direct inoculation culture-positive specimens, and Copan Amies gel agar transport system with charcoal detected 53 of 56 (95%) directly inoculated culture-positive specimens. Copan Amies gel agar without charcoal inoculated after 6 h supported growth of 56 (98%) positive cultures out of only 55 directly inoculated culture-positive specimens. This study demonstrates that Copan swabs represent a reasonable alternative, providing convenience, low cost, and ease of use while still maintaining a satisfactory recovery rate of N. gonorrhoeae from clinical specimens, if specimens can be inoculated onto selective media within a relatively short time period not involving overnight shipment.

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