Posttransplant CMV infection and the role of immunosuppression (Sponsor: Novartis Pharma GmbH, Nürnberg)

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Keyword(s):  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Mtor Inhibitor ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Expert Meeting ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractImmunosuppression permits graft survival after transplantation and consequently a longer and better life. On the other hand, it increases the risk of infection, for instance with cytomegalovirus (CMV). However, the various available immunosuppressive therapies differ in this regard. One of the first clinical trials using de novo everolimus after kidney transplantation [1] already revealed a considerably lower incidence of CMV infection in the everolimus arms than in the mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) arm. This result was repeatedly confirmed in later studies [2–4]. Everolimus is now considered a substance with antiviral properties. This article is based on the expert meeting “Posttransplant CMV infection and the role of immunosuppression”. The expert panel called for a paradigm shift: In a CMV prevention strategy the targeted selection of the immunosuppressive therapy is also a key element. For patients with elevated risk of CMV, mTOR inhibitor-based immunosuppression is advantageous as it is associated with a significantly lower incidence of CMV events.

Appropriate Antibiotic Selection and Use for Intensive Care Unit Patients, Part I: Rationale for Antibiotic Choices

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M Pino ◽  
Molly Paras ◽  
Erica S Shenoy
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Surgical Patient ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Selection ◽  
Key Words Antibiotics ◽  
Surgical Icu ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of this review is to help clinicians optimize treatment of infections and reduce adverse events. With that goal in mind, we discuss the basis for the selection of antibiotics for the surgical patient in the intensive care unit (ICU), the mechanism of antibiotic action, and resistance of pathogens to antibiotic therapy—factors that may affect antibiotic levels, the rationales for dosing, and the role of antimicrobial stewardship programs. The evaluation and management of infections in critically ill patients are uniquely different from those of the general patient population. Age, medical comorbidities, alterations in anatomy, changes in vascular supply, insertion of vascular conduits, and orthopedic hardware are some factors that increase the risk of infection and influence antibiotic choice in the surgical ICU patient.  Key words: antibiotics, antibiotic resistance, antibiotic stewardship, intensive care unit

Appropriate Antibiotic Selection and Use for Intensive Care Unit Patients, Part I: Rationale for Antibiotic Choices

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M Pino ◽  
Molly Paras ◽  
Erica S Shenoy
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Surgical Patient ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Selection ◽  
Key Words Antibiotics ◽  
Surgical Icu ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of this review is to help clinicians optimize treatment of infections and reduce adverse events. With that goal in mind, we discuss the basis for the selection of antibiotics for the surgical patient in the intensive care unit (ICU), the mechanism of antibiotic action, and resistance of pathogens to antibiotic therapy—factors that may affect antibiotic levels, the rationales for dosing, and the role of antimicrobial stewardship programs. The evaluation and management of infections in critically ill patients are uniquely different from those of the general patient population. Age, medical comorbidities, alterations in anatomy, changes in vascular supply, insertion of vascular conduits, and orthopedic hardware are some factors that increase the risk of infection and influence antibiotic choice in the surgical ICU patient.  Key words: antibiotics, antibiotic resistance, antibiotic stewardship, intensive care unit

Can obstructive sleep apnoea be a complication of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty?

1995 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehuda Finkelstein ◽  
Yoav P. Talmi ◽  
Eyal Raveh ◽  
Jerome Orlin ◽  
Carlos Rudnicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Radionuclide Ventriculography ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Ventricular Performance ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Normal Sleep ◽  
Cardiovascular Evaluation ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractPolysomnography is currently used for diagnosis, evaluation and selection of therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), but clinically successful uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is not necessarily reflected by post-operative improvement of polysomnographic recordings. Post-operative polysomnography may suggest deterioration of pre-existing OSA or, in snorers, de-novo precipitation of OSA. Thus, if polysomnography is a reliable indicator of OSA, then OSA may be a post-operative risk of UPPP. The aims of our study were: (i) to assess the possible deleterious effect of UPPP on sleep patterns; (ii) to further define the role of cardioisotope scanning in the evaluation of OSA; (iii) to assess the reliability of polysomnography given the clinical and cardioisotope scan findings. Symptoms, polysomnography and radionuclide ventriculography were prospectively compared pre- and post-operatively in 41 patients undergoing UPPP. In 12 patients (29 per cent), there were disparate results between pre- or post-operative polysomnography and the clinical and/or radionuclide ventriculography, as follows: In four of 16 patients with abnormal pre-operative ventricular performance, there was pre-operative symptomatology of severe OSA and a bedmate's reports of apnoeic episodes. This was in contrast to normal or near normal sleep apnoea recordings. In eight patients, post-operative improvement of symptoms was reported, despite deterioration of post-operative polysomnographic recordings. In these patients the post-operative improvement of symptoms was also reflected by improved ventricular performance. Worsening of ventricular performance was not demonstrated in any patient. In conclusion, UPPP does not induce OSA. Polysomnography may underestimate or even misdiagnose cases of OSA. The diagnostic importance of patient symptomatology should be stressed particularly in those patients with only mildly abnormal or even completely normal sleep studies. A combination of polysomnographic and cardiovascular evaluation in patients with symptomatology consistent with OSA is recommended.

Faculty selection of textbooks: Key variables and the role of teaching experience

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aja Taitano ◽  
Bradley Smith ◽  
Cade Hulbert ◽  
Kristin Batten ◽  
Lalania Woodstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Faculty Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Energy Efficiency Analysis in ERA using NFL-BA Algorithm

2020 ◽  
pp. 340-348
Author(s):  
Palky Mehta ◽  
H. L. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Head ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Cluster Heads ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Energy Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

In the current scenario of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), power consumption is the major issue associated with nodes in WSN. LEACH technique plays a vital role of clustering in WSN and reduces the energy usage effectively. But LEACH has its own limitation in order to search cluster head nodes which are randomly distributed over the network. In this paper, ERA-NFL- BA algorithm is being proposed for selects the cluster heads in WSN. This algorithm help in selection of cluster heads can freely transform from global search to local search. At the end, a comparison has been done with earlier researcher using protocol ERA-NFL, which clearly shown that proposed Algorithm is best suited and from comparison results that ERA-NFL-BA has given better performance.

Tauchnitz for Translators. The Circulation of English-language Literature in Finland

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 161-179
Author(s):  
Outi Paloposki
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Book History ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Book Production ◽  
German Publisher ◽  
Language Literature ◽  
Selection Of

The article looks at book production and circulation from the point of view of translators, who, as purchasers and readers of foreign-language books, are an important mediating force in the selection of literature for translation. Taking the German publisher Tauchnitz's series ‘Collection of British Authors’ and its circulation in Finland in the nineteenth and early twentieth century as a case in point, the article argues that the increased availability of English-language books facilitated the acquiring and honing of translators' language skills and gradually diminished the need for indirect translating. Book history and translation studies meet here in an examination of the role of the Collection in Finnish translators' work.

The Adult as Foe or Friend?: Childism in Guus Kuijer's Criticism and Fiction

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Joosen
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Children's Books ◽  
Children’S Books ◽  
Memorial Award ◽  
Adult Reader ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Selection Of

Compared to the attention that children's literature scholars have paid to the construction of childhood in children's literature and the role of adults as authors, mediators and readers of children's books, few researchers have made a systematic study of adults as characters in children's books. This article analyses the construction of adulthood in a selection of texts by the Dutch author and Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award winner Guus Kuijer and connects them with Elisabeth Young-Bruehl's recent concept of ‘childism’ – a form of prejudice targeted against children. Whereas Kuijer published a severe critique of adulthood in Het geminachte kind [The despised child] (1980), in his literary works he explores a variety of positions that adults can take towards children, with varying degrees of childist features. Such a systematic and comparative analysis of the way grown-ups are characterised in children's texts helps to shed light on a didactic potential that materialises in different adult subject positions. After all, not only literary and artistic aspects of children's literature may be aimed at the adult reader (as well as the child), but also the didactic aspect of children's books can cross over between different age groups.

E-Projects Challenges in India – Role of Human Resource Management and Technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Ramnik Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government ◽  
Traditional Approaches

E-governance is a paradigm shift over the traditional approaches in Public Administration which means rendering of government services and information to the public by using electronic means. In the past decades, service quality and responsiveness of the government towards the citizens were least important but with the approach of E-Government the government activities are now well dealt. This paper withdraws experiences from various studies from different countries and projects facing similar challenges which need to be consigned for the successful implementation of e-governance projects. Developing countries like India face poverty and illiteracy as a major obstacle in any form of development which makes it difficult for its government to provide e-services to its people conveniently and fast. It also suggests few suggestions to cope up with the challenges faced while implementing e-projects in India.

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