scholarly journals Multi-expert annotation of Crohn’s disease images of the small bowel for automatic detection using a convolutional recurrent attention neural network

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 (07) ◽  
pp. E1136-E1144
Author(s):  
Astrid de Maissin ◽  
Remi Vallée ◽  
Mathurin Flamant ◽  
Marie Fondain-Bossiere ◽  
Catherine Le Berre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Expert Annotation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and study aims Computer-aided diagnostic tools using deep neural networks are efficient for detection of lesions in endoscopy but require a huge number of images. The impact of the quality of annotation has not been tested yet. Here we describe a multi-expert annotated dataset of images extracted from capsules from Crohn’s disease patients and the impact of the quality of annotations on the accuracy of a recurrent attention neural network. Methods Images of capsule were annotated by a reader first and then reviewed by three experts in inflammatory bowel disease. Concordance analysis between experts was evaluated by Fleiss’ kappa and all the discordant images were, again, read by all the endoscopists to obtain a consensus annotation. A recurrent attention neural network developed for the study was tested before and after the consensus annotation. Available neural networks (ResNet and VGGNet) were also tested under the same conditions. Results The final dataset included 3498 images with 2124 non-pathological (60.7 %), 1360 pathological (38.9 %), and 14 (0.4 %) inconclusive. Agreement of the experts was good for distinguishing pathological and non-pathological images with a kappa of 0.79 (P < 0.0001). The accuracy of our classifier and the available neural networks increased after the consensus annotation with a precision of 93.7 %, sensitivity of 93 %, and specificity of 95 %. Conclusions The accuracy of the neural network increased with improved annotations, suggesting that the number of images needed for the development of these systems could be diminished using a well-designed dataset.

scholarly journals Using high-performance deep learning platform to accelerate object detection

2019 ◽  
pp. 354-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
S O Stepanenko ◽  
P Y Yakimov
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Object Classification ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Learning Platform ◽  
The Neural Network

Object classification with use of neural networks is extremely current today. YOLO is one of the most often used frameworks for object classification. It produces high accuracy but the processing speed is not high enough especially in conditions of limited performance of a computer. This article researches use of a framework called NVIDIA TensorRT to optimize YOLO with the aim of increasing the image processing speed. Saving efficiency and quality of the neural network work TensorRT allows us to increase the processing speed using an optimization of the architecture and an optimization of calculations on a GPU.

Bolt Tightening Using Impact Wrench Based on Neural Networks

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 706-711
Author(s):  
Toru Fujinaka ◽  
◽  
Hirofumi Nakano ◽  
Michifumi Yoshioka ◽  
Sigeru Omatu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Clamping Force ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
The Impact

A method for controlling the tightening operation of bolts using an impact wrench is proposed, where the neural network is employed for achieving proper clamping force. The characteristics of the clamping force depend on the kind of work to which bolts are tightened, thus a neural network is used for classification of the work. The clamping force, which can only be measured during the test run, is estimated online, using another neural network. Then appropriate input to the actuator of the impact wrench is determined, based on the estimated value of the clamping force.

The impact of surgery on health related quality of life in Crohn's disease

1998 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. A1026
Author(s):  
J. López Vivancos ◽  
F. Casellas ◽  
X. Badía ◽  
J. Vilaseca ◽  
J-R. Malagelada
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of Cholecystectomy on Long-Term Disease Outcomes and Quality of Life in Patients with Crohn’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippos Koutroumpakis ◽  
Maham Lodhi ◽  
Maaz Ahsan ◽  
Claudia Ramos Rivers ◽  
Marc Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Tertiary Center ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Cholecystectomy (CCY) is one of the most frequently performed abdominal surgeries. However, the impact of CCY in clinical settings with altered gastrointestinal physiology and anatomy, such as Crohn’s disease (CD), has not been fully characterized. We sought to investigate clinical outcomes, disease severity, and quality of life of CD patients after CCY. Methods We utilized a prospective, longitudinal registry of consented CD patients followed at a tertiary center. Crohn’s disease patients that had or had not undergone CCY formed the 2 study groups. The absence or presence of gallbladder was confirmed with abdominal CT scans obtained during routine care. Multiyear clinical, biochemical, and histologic data were collected and analyzed. Results Among 834 CD patients, 151 (18%) had undergone CCY. History of CCY was associated with higher disease activity (median Harvey-Bradshaw index; P &lt; 0.001), more years with anemia (P = 0.048), lower albumin (P = 0.001), worse quality of life (mean Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire; P &lt; 0.001), chronic abdominal pain (P &lt; 0.001), higher risk for incident colonic dysplasia (P = 0.011), higher rates of annual hospital admissions (P = 0.004), and opioid use (P &lt; 0.001). In multivariate analysis, CCY remained associated with higher disease activity (P &lt; 0.001), lower albumin (P = 0.008), lower quality of life (P &lt; 0.001), and more hospital admissions (P = 0.008), whereas CD patients with diseased ileum had higher risk for colonic dysplasia (P = 0.031). Conclusions CCY in CD patients was associated with multiple markers of disease activity and worse quality of life during multiyear follow up. This data suggests that CCY in CD patients may adversely impact the long-term clinical course.

scholarly journals The Ultimate Therapeutic Goal: Establishing and Maintaining Quality of Life

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 465-466
Author(s):  
Remo Panaccione
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
National Cooperative ◽  
The Impact

Outcomes in Crohn's disease clinical trials are traditionally reported in terms of remission and response rates according to the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI), which was developed as part of the National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study (1). However, it has been argued that the CDAI does not measure the overall burden of the illness experienced by patients. An alternative is to assess the impact of a particular therapy on health-related quality of life (HRQL). HRQL not only measures the benefits of the therapy on disease symptoms but also is probably better at evaluating the trade-off between therapeutic efficacy and potential adverse effects.

scholarly journals Surgery-Related Quality of Life of Pediatric Patients With Crohn's Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Dipasquale ◽  
Enrica Antonelli ◽  
Laura Cannavò ◽  
Giorgio Cavatoi ◽  
Carmelo Romeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Ileocecal Resection ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Up to 30% of pediatric patients with Crohn's disease (CD) require surgery. The aim of the study was to evaluate long-term health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcome in children with CD who have had ileocolonic resection.Materials and methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study on all pediatric patients who had undergone surgery for CD between January 2015 and December 2017 in the Pediatric Surgery and Gastroenterology Units of the University Hospital of Messina. Surgical treatment was represented by laparoscopic ileocecal resection with latero-lateral anastomosis. Patients were asked to fill in a modified version of the IMPACT III questionnaire made up of 15 closed questions before and after surgery. The questionnaire was scored on a five-point scale with 5 reporting “not a problem” and 1 “a very severe problem.” The total score ranged from 15 (worst HRQoL) to 75 (best HRQoL). Frequency of relapses, reoperations, complications during follow-up, and postoperative bowel function were also studied.Results: Data were obtained in 10 patients (9 males), who underwent surgery at a median age of 13.5 years (range 13–18), after a median post-diagnosis period of 2.5 years (range 0–8). Preoperative scores were low in all 4 domains of the questionnaire. Postoperatively, HRQoL measures improved significantly (p &lt; 0.05) about symptoms, school attendance, social and emotional functioning. Overall, nearly all patients were completely satisfied with the surgical outcome.Conclusions: HRQoL is low in CD children referred for possible operation, and surgery may positively affect the overall HRQoL. Collecting HRQoL data provides insight into the impact of treatment on children health status.

scholarly journals Flattening Layer Pruning in Convolutional Neural Networks

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1147
Author(s):  
Ernest Jeczmionek ◽  
Piotr A. Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Network Topology ◽  
Global Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Global Sensitivity ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Pruning Methods

The rapid growth of performance in the field of neural networks has also increased their sizes. Pruning methods are getting more and more attention in order to overcome the problem of non-impactful parameters and overgrowth of neurons. In this article, the application of Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) methods demonstrates the impact of input variables on the model’s output variables. GSA gives the ability to mark out the least meaningful arguments and build reduction algorithms on these. Using several popular datasets, the study shows how different levels of pruning correlate to network accuracy and how levels of reduction negligibly impact accuracy. In doing so, pre- and post-reduction sizes of neural networks are compared. This paper shows how Sobol and FAST methods with common norms can largely decrease the size of a network, while keeping accuracy relatively high. On the basis of the obtained results, it is possible to create a thesis about the asymmetry between the elements removed from the network topology and the quality of the neural network.

scholarly journals Changes in the Intestinal Microbiota Are Seen Following Treatment with Infliximab in Children with Crohn’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Kowalska-Duplaga ◽  
Przemysław Kapusta ◽  
Tomasz Gosiewski ◽  
Agnieszka Sroka-Oleksiak ◽  
Agnieszka H. Ludwig-Słomczyńska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study was to determine the impact of biological treatment with tumor necrosis factor α antibodies (anti-TNF-α) on the intestinal microbiome of children with severe Crohn’s disease (CD) and to evaluate the differences in the intestinal microbiome between patients treated with biological therapy and healthy children. Microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S next-generation sequencing (NGS) and microbial profiles were compared between studied groups. Fifty-four samples (from 18 patients before and after anti-TNF-α induction therapy and 18 healthy children) were used in the sequencing analysis. Shannon’s diversity index (p = 0.003, adj. p = 0.010) and observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (p = 0.007, adj. p = 0.015) were different between controls and patients with prior therapy for CD. Statistically significant dissimilarities between beta diversity metrics, indicating distinct community composition across groups, were observed in patients with CD before and after therapy. We did not observe any differences between controls and patients with CD after therapy. Core microbiome analysis at species level showed that 32 species were present only in patients with CD but not in controls. The results show that biological treatment is associated with changes in the intestinal microbiome of patients with CD: these changes result in an intestinal microbiome pattern similar to that seen in healthy children. Long-term observation is necessary to determine whether treatment can lead to full restoration of a healthy-like microbiome.

799 The Impact of Ostomy on Quality of Life and Functional Status of Crohn's Disease Patients Within CCFA Partners

2016 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. S167-S168
Author(s):  
Maisa Abdalla ◽  
Robert Sandler ◽  
Michael Kappelman ◽  
Christopher Martin ◽  
Wenli Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
The Impact
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