Instant 99mTc-Labelled Glucoheptonate Kit for Kidney Imaging

1983 ◽  
Vol 22 (05) ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Al-Hilli ◽  
H. M. A. Karim ◽  
M. H. S. Al-Hissoni ◽  
M. N. Jassim ◽  
N. H. Agha
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Organ Distribution ◽  
Stable Complex ◽  
Scintillation Camera ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Kidney Imaging ◽  
Mean Concentration

Gelchromatography column scanning has been used to study the fractions of reduced hydrolyzed 99mTc, 99mTc-pertechnetate and 99mTc-chelate in a 99mTc-glucoheptonate (GH) preparation. A stable high labelling yield of 99mTc-GH complex in the radiopharmaceutical has been obtained with a concentration of 40-50 mg of glucoheptonic acid-calcium salt and not less than 0.45 mg of SnCl2 2 H2O at an optimal pH between 6.5 and 7.0. The stability of the complex has been found significantly affected when sodium hydroxide solution was used for the pH adjustment. However, an alternative procedure for final pH adjustment of the preparation has been investigated providing a stable complex for the usual period of time prior to the injection. The organ distribution and the blood clearance data of 99mTc-GH in rabbits were relatively similar to those reported earlier. The mean concentration of the radiopharmaceutical in both kidneys has been studied in normal subjects for one hour with a scintillation camera and the results were satisfactory.

Stability of Bortezomib 1-mg/mL Solution in Plastic Syringe and Glass Vial

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1462-1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal André ◽  
Salvatore Cisternino ◽  
Fouad Chiadmi ◽  
Audrey Toledano ◽  
Joël Schlatter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Plastic Syringe ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Antineoplastic Chemotherapy

BACKGROUND: The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ), used in antineoplastic chemotherapy, must be diluted in NaCl 0.9% for injection and stored for no more than 3 hours in a syringe or 8 hours in a vial. Better information on its stability could improve storage. OBJECTIVE: To assess the stability of BTZ solution (1 mg/mL) in syringes and vials. METHODS: BTZ 1-mg/mL solutions were prepared by adding sterile NaCl 0.9% to Velcade vials containing 3.5 mg of lyophilized BTZ. Syringes were filled with 1 mL of solution and stored in the dark at 5 °C or 60 °C; others were not protected from light and stored at 22 °C. Velcade vials containing 1 mL of solution were stored at 5 °C in the dark. Samples were taken at various times over 23 days and assayed in duplicate. An HPLC method for assaying the stability of BTZ was validated. Appearance and pH were recorded. RESULTS: There was no color change or precipitation in the samples, and the pH was stable. Oxidation, light, and storage temperature all affected the chemical stability of BTZ. The mean concentrations of BTZ in syringes stored for 2, 3, and 5 days at 60, 22, and 5 °C were >95% of the initial concentration. The mean concentration of BTZ in vials stored for 5 days at 5 °C was >95% of the initial concentration. CONCLUSIONS: BTZ stored refrigerated in vials or syringes and protected from light is chemically stable for 5 days after reconstitution.

Stability of Sotalol in Two Liquid Formulations at Two Temperatures

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milap C Nahata ◽  
Richard S Morosco
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Form ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Liquid Dosage Form ◽  
Mean Concentration

BACKGROUND: Sotalol is used in certain pediatric patients to treat, suppress, or prevent the recurrence of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. However, it is commercially unavailable in a liquid dosage form. The use of an extemporaneously prepared liquid dosage form must be supported by the documentation of the chemical and physical stability of sotalol. OBJECTIVE: To determine the stability of sotalol hydrochloride extemporaneously prepared from tablets in 2 oral suspensions stored at 2 temperatures. METHODS: Five bottles contained Ora Plus: Ora Sweet (1:1) and the other 5 bottles had 1% methylcellulose:simple syrup NF (1:9), with a sotalol concentration of 5 mg/mL. Three samples were collected from each bottle at 0, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 91 days and analyzed by a stability-indicating HPLC analytical method (n = 15). RESULTS: At 4°C, the mean concentration of sotalol was at least 98.9% of the original concentration in Ora Plus: Ora Sweet suspension and 95.5% of the initial concentration in 1% methylcellulose:simple syrup during storage for 3 months. At 25°C, the mean concentration of sotalol was ≥95.5% of the original concentration in Ora Plus: Ora Sweet suspension and 94.4% of the initial concentration in 1% methylcellulose:simple syrup during storage for 3 months. The pH did not change substantially during the study period. Further, no changes in physical appearance were seen during the study. CONCLUSIONS: Sotalol hydrochloride can be prepared in either of 2 liquid dosage forms and stored in plastic bottles for 13 weeks at 4 or 25°C without substantial loss of potency.

CORTISOL BINDING TO PLASMA PROTEINS IN MAN IN HEALTH, STRESS AND AT DEATH

1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. MURRAY
Keyword(s):  
Protein Binding ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Apparent Association ◽  
Venous Plasma

SUMMARY A method is described for determining the degree of binding by plasma proteins of cortisol by a technique of pressure ultrafiltration at 37° after addition of radioactively labelled cortisol. In normal subjects, the mean concentration of transcortin binding sites was 5·82 × 10−7 moles/l. and the apparent association constant at 37° was 4·27 × 107 l./mole. Evidence of increased protein binding of cortisol was obtained in oestrogen-treated subjects and in women in the last 3 months of pregnancy. In the latter subjects normal levels of non-protein bound cortisol were found. The mean level of non-protein bound cortisol in eight men treated with stilboestrol was increased, but normal levels were present in four of these subjects. The protein binding of cortisol in three patients with Cushing's syndrome and in three patients with Addison's disease was normal. Thirty-five% of cortisol in adrenal venous plasma was in the unbound state. Increased levels of plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) were found in patients in stressful situations (post-operative states, infections and burns). There was no evidence of increased protein binding of cortisol. Patients at death had increased levels of plasma 17-OHCS including three patients who had been on long-term steroid therapy. There was no evidence of increased protein binding of cortisol. On the contrary, there was some evidence of a decrease in transcortin binding sites. It is concluded that stressful situations in man, regardless of the outcome, are associated with increased plasma levels of biologically active cortisol.

STUDY OF SERUM LIPID PROFILE LEVEL IN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shesharam Patel ◽  
Kanaram Patel
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Triglyceride Level ◽  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Mean Concentration

Background: Adverse lipid profile has been recognized as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). Materials and Methods: 100 subjects aged between 35 to 65 years, comprising of 50 normal control and 50 patients suffering from CAD were studied. Result: The mean total cholesterol level was found to be 174.2±21.05 mg/dl with a range of 150-200 mg/dl present in normal subjects and mean concentration of cholesterol level was increased to 254.23±45.70 mg/dl in CAD patients. The mean Triglyceride level was found to be 117.58±44.16 mg/dl with a range of 75-150 mg/dl present in normal subjects and mean concentration of Triglyceride level was increased to 184.24±42.02 mg/dl in CAD patients.   Conclusion: This cross sectional study showed that high serum cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride and low HDL cholesterol were clinically significant in all the age groups. Keywords:  Coronary artery disease (CAD), Cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL, HDL.

scholarly journals Radioimmunoassay of Human Pancreatic Amylase with Monoclonal Antibody

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 416-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiyo Fujita ◽  
Chihiro Kasai ◽  
Hiromi Kosuge ◽  
Kenji Ogata ◽  
Ichiyo Oshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Enzymic Activity ◽  
Pancreatic Amylase ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Salivary Amylase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

A monoclonal antibody (E-21) was obtained that specifically binds to human pancreatic amylase and shows negligible cross-reaction with human salivary amylase. Using this antibody a radioimmunoassay was developed for pancreatic amylase in human serum. The assay was shown to be sensitive (detectable up to 7 mg/L), reproducible, and specific for pancreatic amylase. In normal subjects, the mean concentration of serum pancreatic amylase determined by this method was 36·3 mg/L with a 95% confidence range of 16·5 to 79·2 mg/L. A good correlation was observed between the concentrations of immunoreactive pancreatic amylase (IR-PA) and enzymatic activities in 20 serum samples ( r = 0·97). The concentration of serum IR-PA was below the detectable limit in pancreatectomised patients, and was greatly increased in patients with acute pancreatitis; the latter was accompanied by parallel changes in total enzymic activity. In patients with mumps, the serum IR-PA level was within the normal range whereas the total enzymic activity was elevated.

Stability of Spironolactone in an Extemporaneously Prepared Suspension at Two Temperatures

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1198-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milap C. Nahata ◽  
Richard S. Morosco ◽  
Thomas F. Hippie
Keyword(s):  
Storage Period ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Ph Changes ◽  
Stability Indicating ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Glass Bottles ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Mean Concentration

OBJECTIVE: To determine the stability of spironolactone in an extemporaneously prepared suspension at 22 and 4°C over a three-month storage period. DESIGN: Spironolactone suspension (1 mg/mL) was prepared in syrup NF, carboxymethylcellulose, and purified water USP. The suspension was stored in ten amber glass prescription bottles; five were stored at 22°C and five at 4°C. Samples were drawn from each bottle and analyzed in duplicate (n=10) on days 0, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 91. Spironolactone concentrations were measured by a reproducible and stability-indicating HPLC method. Inspection of visual and pH changes also was performed on each study day. RESULTS: The mean concentration of spironolactone was always higher than 98 percent of its initial concentration. The pH and appearance of the suspension did not change substantially. CONCLUSIONS: Spironolactone was stable in a suspension containing syrup, carboxymethylcellulose, and purified water for three months during storage in amber glass bottles at both 22 and 4°C.

scholarly journals Evaluation the influence of core stability exercise on standing stability of hemiplegic cerebral palsy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
mohammad Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Approximate Entropy ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
P Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the most common neurological disorders influences the abilities of the subjects to stand and walk. Various kinds of exercise are recommended to improve the stability of CP subjects during quiet standing. However, there is no evidence regarding the effects of core stability exercise on stability of CP subjects. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine the efficiency of this exercise on stability of CP subjects.Method: Two group of normal and CP children were recruited in this study (10 subjects). The stability of the subjects was determined by use of a Kistler forceplate. The stability of the subjects was measured by Approximate entropy (ApEn) based on COP sways. The dynamic stability was evaluated by Berge balance scale. Ashworth scale was used to determine the spasticity of lower limb muscles groups. Results: The mean value of ApEn of CP patients in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions were 0.465±0.11 and 0.426±0.99, respectively compared to 1.02±0.11 and 0.426±0.099 for normal subjects. There was a significant increase in ApEn of CP subjects before and after exercise (p-value<0.05). The mean value of Berge scale was 46.2±5.77 and 51.87±3.9 before and after exercise, respectively.Conclusion: As lower value of ApEn associated with decrease in complexity, higher rigidity and unstability, it can be concluded that CP subjects were unstable than normal subjects. Use of core stability exercise improves complexity of the system and improves the stability of the subjects due to its effect on muscular spasm.

Radioimmunoassay for human corticosteroid-binding globulin.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1389-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Rosner ◽  
S Polimeni ◽  
M S Khan
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Binding Assay ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Corticosteroid Binding Globulin ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Abstract We isolated corticosteroid-binding globulin from human plasma and used the isolated protein as the antigen in raising antibodies in rabbits. The resulting antiserum was used to develop an RIA with which we can determine the globulin in as little as 0.007 microL of serum, although we routinely use, after appropriate dilution, 0.02 microL. The mean concentration of corticosteroid-binding globulin in the serum of 40 normal subjects was 32.4 (SD 4.2) mg/L. The correlation (r) between results with this RIA and those by an established binding assay was 0.94.

A modified radioimmunoassay for 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
T K Gray ◽  
T McAdoo ◽  
D Pool ◽  
G E Lester ◽  
M E Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioligand Binding ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Organic Extraction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Chromatographic Isolation ◽  
Normal Adults

Abstract A radioimmunoassay for 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol which did not cross react with 1,25-dihydroxyergocalciferol is described. IgG fractions were prepared from the serum of rabbits that had been immunized with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol-3-hemisuccinate coupled to bovine albumin. Radioligand binding by the IgG fractions was time-, temperature-, and pH-dependent. The IgG fractions had a high affinity for 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol but cross reacted with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Vitamin D2 metabolites did not cross react in the assay when amounts up to 9 ng per tube were tested. The determination of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in human serum required an organic extraction and chromatographic isolation of the metabolite. Radioligand binding was influenced by the presence and concentration of the proteins in the phosphate buffer. The mean concentration of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in serum from normal adults was 56 (SEM 5.7) ng/L. 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol was not detectable in serum from a nephrectomized subject and the concentration in serum was lower than normal in hypoparathyroid patients. Ingestion of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol by nephrectomized or hypoparathyroid patients restored the concentration of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in serum to the normal range. The stability of the IgG fraction, the relatively short incubation interval, and the ability to measure 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol without interference from 1,25-dihydroxyergocalciferol are unique aspects of this radioimmunoassay.

HETEROLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR PLASMA HUMAN PROLACTIN (hPRL); VALUES IN NORMAL SUBJECTS, PUBERTY, PREGNANCY AND IN PITUITARY DISORDERS

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Aubert ◽  
M. M. Grumbach ◽  
S. L. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Research Council ◽  
Medical Research Council ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Human Prolactin ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

ABSTRACT A heterologous radioimmunoassay for human prolactin (hPRL) was developed, using a rabbit anti-ovine PRL (oPRL) which cross-reacted with hPRL and hPRL (Lewis 203-1) as tracer and standard. The sensitivity (0.02 ng hPRL) and the values obtained were comparable to those in homologous assays. When the immunoreactivity of a variety of hPRL preparations was compared, Friesen-71 hPRL was the most immunoreactive preparation, Lewis 203-1 and 201-195-1 hPRL had 75.6%, Friesen-C hPRL 54.4 %, and the Medical Research Council Standard (# 71-222) 27.5% of the immunoreactivity of Friesen-71 hPRL. hPRL content in 6 hGH preparations ranged from 0.001 to 0.2 %. Antibodies to hPRL were detected in 2 anti-hGH sera. The mean concentration of plasma hPRL in adult females (8.5 ± 1.5 ng/ml ± se) was significantly higher than in males (5.2 ± 0.5; P = 0.025). Plasma values of hPRL in girls between 4 and 17 years of age (7.2 ± 0.5) were not significantly different than in boys of the same age (6.0 ± 0.5). No variation in basal levels was found during puberty in girls, or with age in boys. The concentration of plasma hPRL was increased in pregnant women, newborn infants and in patients with galactorrhoea. Anencephalic infants had hPRL levels comparable to healthy newborns. The mean concentrations of plasma hPRL in patients with idiopathic isolated hGH deficiency or with idiopathic multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies were significantly higher than in normal subjects. Low to normal basal levels were measured in patients with hypothalamic tumour. Eight of 22 acromegalic patients had elevated hPRL levels; 5 female acromegalics had a significant rise in plasma hPRL values following injection of synthetic thyrotrophin releasing factor (TRF), but no increase after luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LRF). In conclusion, the heterologous radioimmunoassay for hPRL, using an anti-oPRL serum, has the requisite specificity, sensitivity, precision and reproducibility for clinical use.

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