Plasma Thrombin Assay using a Chromogenic Substrate in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation due to Snake Bite Envenomation

1979 ◽  
Vol 41 (03) ◽  
pp. 544-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
R P Herrmann ◽  
P E Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Chromogenic Substrate ◽  
Coagulation Parameters ◽  
Fibrinogen Degradation Products ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation

SummaryUsing the chromogenic substrate, Tos-Gly-Pro-Arg-pNA-HCL (Chromozym TH, Boehringer Mannheim) plasma thrombin was estimated in six cases of envenomation by Australian elapid snakes. All patients manifested findings chracteristic of defibrination due to envenomation by these snakes. Fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products were grossly elevated, as was plasma thrombin in all cases.Following treatment with antivenene, all abnormal coagulation parameters returned rapidly towards normal by 24 hours and plasma thrombin disappeared.

scholarly journals Disseminated intravascular coagulation in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 587-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Uhrikova ◽  
K. Machackova ◽  
L. Rauserova-Lexmaulova ◽  
K. Rehakova ◽  
J. Doubek
Keyword(s):  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Gastric Dilatation ◽  
Fibrinogen Degradation Products ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Fibrinolytic Parameters

Gastric dilatation and volvulus syndrome is associated with changes in haemostatic profiles. The aims of this study were to compare selected haemostatic and fibrinolytic parameters between healthy dogs and dogs with gastric dilatation and volvulus syndrome, estimate the incidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and determine the most sensitive test for detection of DIC in these patients. Blood was collected from 22 dogs with gastric dilatation and volvulus syndrome, and nine healthy control dogs. Platelet counts, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen concentrations and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products were measured in all control dogs and patients with gastric dilatation and volvulus syndrome, before and after surgery. Significant differences between control dogs and patients were seen in activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products before surgery and all measured parameters after surgery. The incidence of DIC was 59%. The most sensitive tests for detection of DIC before surgery were those for activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products.

A Comparative Study of Human and Monkey (Macaca irus) Fibrinogen Degradation Products

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 319-327
Author(s):  
Thomas R Poskitt ◽  
H Philip Fortwengler ◽  
Gerald J Roth ◽  
James A Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Fibrinogen Degradation Products ◽  
Pathogenic Mechanisms ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

SummaryImmunochemical, physical, and anticoagulant properties of human and monkey (Macaca irus) fibrinogen degradation products (FDP’s) were compared by Immunoelectrophoresis, Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, and anticoagulant assay. Both species demonstrated a high degree of similarity in the properties and sequence of generation of FDP’s derived from in vitro plasmin digestion of highly purified fibrinogen. The results of this study should permit a closer analogy to be drawn between the pathogenic mechanisms of disseminated intravascular coagulation occurring experimentally in monkeys and clinically in humans.

scholarly journals Effect of Recombinant Human Soluble Thrombomodulin on Coagulation-Related Variables in Patients With Sepsis-Induced Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: A Retrospective Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 107602962110503
Author(s):  
Chieko Mitaka ◽  
Izumi Kawagoe ◽  
Daizoh Satoh ◽  
Masakazu Hayashida
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Fibrinogen Degradation Products ◽  
Soluble Thrombomodulin ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Recombinant Human Soluble Thrombomodulin

To evaluate associations among coagulation-related variables, resolution of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and mortality, we retrospectively investigated 123 patients with sepsis-induced DIC treated with recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rTM). Changes in coagulation-related variables before and after treatment with rTM were examined. Further, associations between coagulation-related variables and DIC resolution were evaluated. The platelet count, prothrombin international normalized ratio (PT-INR), and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) significantly ( p < .001) improved after rTM administration in survivors (n = 98), but not in nonsurvivors (n = 25). However, the DIC score significantly ( p < .001) reduced in survivors and in nonsurvivors. Among coagulation-related variables examined before rTM, only PT-INR was significantly ( p = .0395) lower in survivors than in nonsurvivors, and PT-INR before rTM was significantly ( p = .0029) lower in patients attaining than not attaining DIC resolution (n = 87 and 36, respectively). The 28-day mortality was significantly lower in patients attaining than not attaining DIC resolution (11.5% vs 41.7%, p = .0001). In conclusion, the initiation of rTM administration before marked PT-INR elevation may be important to induce DIC resolution and thus to decrease mortality in patients with sepsis-induced DIC. Conversely, the treatment with rTM in patients with marked PT-INR elevation may be not so effective in achieving such goals.

Platelet Function in Experimentally Induced Pancreatitis in the Dog

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (02) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Jacobs ◽  
R J Murtaugh ◽  
R H Fertel
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Function ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
Functional Defect ◽  
And Function ◽  
Experimentally Induced

SummaryEvidence suggests that changes in prostaglandins and disseminated intravascular coagulation accompany pancreatitis. Both may induce changes in platelet function. We wished to determine if experimentally induced pancreatitis in the dog was associated with altered platelet number and function, and whether there were concomitant changes in prostaglandins. Evidence for disseminated intravascular coagulation in the dogs with pancreatitis were red blood cell fragmentation, increased platelet turnover indicated by macro-platelets and the transient presence of fibrin degradation products in urine. There were no significant changes in platelet count. The platelets from dogs with pancreatitis showed a functional defect characterized by significantly decreased aggregation in response to adenosine diphosphate, arachidonic acid, and collagen. Release of adenosine triphosphate from platelets was reduced in collagen-stimulated aggregation. There were no changes in the plasma concentrations of thromboxane B2, 6-Keto-PGF1a, and PGE2. This defect may have been due to the generation of fibrin degradation products and platelet “exhaustion”.

False-Positive D-Dimer Result in a Patient With Castleman Disease

2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-331
Author(s):  
Kimberly Mugler ◽  
Jerry B. Lefkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Castleman Disease ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
D Dimer

Abstract In suspected cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation, concurrent elevation of both fibrin(ogen) degradation products (FDPs) and D-dimer levels aids in confirming the diagnosis. This pattern of results reflects the action of plasmin proteolysis of cross-linked fibrin polymers as well as fibrinogen. We report the case of a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Castleman disease who presented with a high-positive D-dimer level and a negative FDP level in the course of a workup for disseminated intravascular coagulation. This finding suggested the possibility of either a false-positive D-dimer or a false-negative FDP level. To investigate the former, a Western blot was performed on the patient's serum to determine the presence of the D-dimer. No D-dimer band was visualized on the Western blot, confirming the false-positive nature of the D-dimer result. Insufficient quantity of patient serum, however, prevented further investigation into the etiology of this result. The false-positive D-dimer result is likely attributable to interference caused by the patient's Castleman disease–associated monoclonal gammopathy, a phenomenon that has been reported in other immunoassays. As the development of lymphoproliferative disorders is especially common within the HIV population, and hypergammaglobulinemia in Castleman disease is particularly common, clinicians should be aware of this phenomenon when the laboratory findings do not fit the clinical picture. Although it is rare, recognition of potential paraprotein interference in immunoassays will help avoid undertreatment or overtreatment of patients based on erroneous laboratory results.

scholarly journals D-dimer kit with a High FDP/D-Dimer Ratio is Useful for Diagnosing Thrombotic Diseases

2022 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 107602962110705
Author(s):  
Nozomi Ikeda ◽  
Hideo Wada ◽  
Yuhuko Ichikawa ◽  
Minoru Ezaki ◽  
Motoko Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Thrombotic Diseases ◽  
D Dimer

Introduction Although D-dimer is a useful biomarker of thrombosis, there are many D-dimer kits, with high and low fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products (FDP)/ D-dimer ratios. Methods Plasma D-dimer levels were measured using three different kits in critically ill patients to examine the usefulness of such measurements for detecting the thrombotic diseases and determining the correlation with the FDP and FDP/D-dimer ratio. Results Although three D-dimer kits showed marked utility for diagnosing disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and peripheral arterial and venous thromboembolism (PAVTE), the D-dimer levels determined using the three kits varied among diseases. Indeed, one D-dimer kit showed a high FDP/D-dimer ratio, and another kit showed a low FDP/D-dimer ratio. D-dimer kit with low FDP/D-dimer ratio tended to have high cut-off values and low specificity for diagnosing DIC and PAVTE. In D-dimer kit with high FDP/D-dimer ratio, FDP/D-dimer ratios in patients with thrombosis was significantly higher than that in patients without thrombosis. Conclusion All three D-dimer kits show utility for detecting thrombotic diseases. However, the D-dimer levels determined using the kits varied due to differences in the FDP/D-dimer ratio. In combination with the FDP level, a D-dimer kit with a high FDP/D-dimer ratio may be useful.

scholarly journals Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation as an Initial Manifestation of Metastatic Prostate Cancer Emergently Treated with Docetaxel-Based Chemotherapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavita Agrawal ◽  
Nirav Agrawal ◽  
Levin Miles
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Metastatic Prostate Cancer ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Initial Manifestation ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation

A 70-year-old male presented with hematuria and bruising of arms and legs for the last three days. He also complained of urinary frequency and hesitancy and weight loss of 40 pounds over a span of four months. Initial blood tests showed prothrombin time (PT) of 25.1 seconds, international normalized ratio (INR) of 2.5, partial thromboplastin time (PTT) of 43.9 seconds, fibrinogen of 60 mg/dl, fibrin degradation products (FDP) of more than 20 μg/ml, and platelets of 88,000/μl. The impression was disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). A search was initiated to determine the underlying etiology precipitating DIC. Due to urinary symptoms and weight loss, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was ordered. PSA was elevated at 942 μg/dl. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis without contrast showed an enlarged prostate with mass effect on the bladder base, left-sided hydronephrosis, and numerous enlarged pelvic lymph nodes. A bone scan of the whole body showed increased sclerosis of the L3 vertebral body. There was a concern for metastatic prostate cancer precipitating DIC. On first admission, our patient’s DIC was stabilized with FFP and cryoprecipitate transfusions. He refused chemotherapy, and degarelix was not economically feasible. Accordingly, he was started on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), bicalutamide, and leuprolide as an inpatient, pending the tissue biopsy. The patient refused a prostate biopsy. A bone marrow biopsy was performed which confirmed metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma. The patient was stable for discharge with a plan for outpatient chemotherapy. Subsequently, he was lost to follow-up with the oncology. Six months after the initial presentation, he was readmitted with hematuria. Repeat PSA worsened to 1,970 μg/dl. Blood work was consistent with acute DIC. He refused chemotherapy again. So, he was restarted on ADT. However, his hematuria and DIC panel were worsening. He was emergently started on docetaxel as an inpatient (after patient agreement). Within three days of starting chemotherapy, his hematuria resolved and DIC panel showed consistent improvement.

Measuring tissue factor (factor III) activity in plasma.

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1897-1900 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Fukuda ◽  
K Iijima ◽  
K Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Chromogenic Substrate ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Endogenous Inhibitors ◽  
Tissue Thromboplastin ◽  
The Mean

Abstract This is a method for measuring tissue factor (TF, Factor III, tissue thromboplastin) activity in plasma by using a chromogenic substrate. As pretreatment, the euglobulin fraction of plasma was prepared by removing endogenous inhibitors and heated at 60 degrees C for 3 min to remove fibrinogen. This allowed us to measure the low TF activity in plasma that could not otherwise be measured. Neither phospholipids nor coagulation factors VII, IX, X, or Xa in the samples interfere. Within-run and day-to-day reproducibility were both good. The mean value obtained by this method for normal persons was 1.02 (SD 0.91) arbitrary units/L. A markedly high plasma TF activity of 20 arb. units/L or more was observed in patients with some types of disseminated intravascular coagulation.

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