scholarly journals Confirming Maximal Oxygen Uptake: Is Heart Rate the Answer?

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
pp. 198-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Keiller ◽  
Dan Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Age Related

AbstractThis study investigates heart rate (HR), in 11 young adults (22.4±3.21yr), at V̇O2max, to ascertain whether measured maximal heart rate (HRmax), as determined by a plateau in HR (HRplat), can reliably confirm V̇O2max. V̇O2max and HRplat were determined, using the parameters of a V̇O2≤50 ml•min−1 and a ∆HR≤2b•min−1, respectively, over the final 60 s of sampling. V̇O2 was also independently determined using a verification phase protocol. A HRplat was achieved by 91% of participants (∆HR=1.3±1b•min−1) and critically the time at which HRmax was reached coincided with that at which V̇O2max was achieved. Moreover RER and ΔRER criteria were reached significantly earlier (p<0.05) than V̇O2max, whilst age-related heart rate maximums (HRage), were not achieved by many participants. The results suggest that a HRplat ≤2 b•min−1 is a more accurate method, within the group tested, to determine whether a ‘true’ V̇O2max has been achieved, than other secondary criteria and potentially avoids the requirement for an additional verification phase.

scholarly journals Evaluation of true maximal oxygen uptake based on a novel set of standardized criteria

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian W. Midgley ◽  
Sean Carroll ◽  
David Marchant ◽  
Lars R. McNaughton ◽  
Jason Siegler
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Small Individual ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Uptake Test ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
The Individual

In this study, criteria are used to identify whether a subject has elicited maximal oxygen uptake. We evaluated the validity of traditional maximal oxygen uptake criteria and propose a novel set of criteria. Twenty athletes completed a maximal oxygen uptake test, consisting of an incremental phase and a subsequent supramaximal phase to exhaustion (verification phase). Traditional and novel maximal oxygen uptake criteria were evaluated. Novel criteria were: oxygen uptake plateau defined as the difference between modelled and actual maximal oxygen uptake >50% of the regression slope of the individual oxygen uptake–workrate relationship; as in the first criterion, but for maximal verification oxygen uptake; and a difference of ≤4 beats·min–1 between maximal heart rate values in the 2 phases. Satisfying the traditional oxygen uptake plateau criterion was largely an artefact of the between-subject variation in the oxygen uptake–workrate relationship. Secondary criteria, supposedly an indicator of maximal effort, were often satisfied long before volitional exhaustion, even at intensities as low as 61% maximal oxygen uptake. No significant mean differences were observed between the incremental and verification phases for oxygen uptake (t = 0.4; p = 0.7) or heart rate (t = 0.8; p = 0.5). The novel oxygen uptake plateau criterion, maximal oxygen uptake verification criterion, and maximal heart rate verification criterion were satisfied by 17, 18, and 18 subjects, respectively. The small individual absolute differences in oxygen uptake between incremental and verification phases observed in most subjects provided additional confidence that maximal oxygen uptake was elicited. Current maximal oxygen uptake criteria were not valid and novel criteria should be further explored.

Effects of hypoxia, heat, and humidity on physical performance

1976 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lahiri ◽  
C. A. Weitz ◽  
J. S. Milledge ◽  
M. C. Fishman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Performance Capacity ◽  
Humid Environment ◽  
Physical Performance Capacity

The effects of hot, humid environment were compared with the effects of high altitude on the physical performance capacity of Ne-palese residents by measuring oxygen uptakes and heart rates at various work rates. The following groups of men were selected: 66 residents of a hot and humid environment in the Terai at sea level; 24 residents and 16 sojourners at 3,8000 m. The maximal oxygen uptake of the sea-level residents was, on the average, 2.55 1.min-1, at which a maximal heart rate of about 200 beats/min was reached. The sojourners at 3,800 m showed a higher maximal oxygen uptake (2.94 1. min-1) at their maximal heart rate of about 175 beats/min. The residents of 3,800 m achieved a similiar oxygen uptake as the sojourners, but did not show a similar maximal heart rate limitation, suggesting that they were capable of achieving a higher maximal oxygen uptake. This study shows that hot, humid environment at sea level is as much incapacitating as is hypoxia at high altitude.

The Physiological Characteristics of an 83-Year-Old Champion Female Master Runner

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Cattagni ◽  
Vincent Gremeaux ◽  
Romuald Lepers
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Master Athlete ◽  
T Score ◽  
Isometric Torque

Purpose: To examine the cardiorespiratory, muscular, and skeletal characteristics of an 83-year-old champion female master athlete (called DL in this study) who had set multiple world running records in the 80-to-84-year-old age group. Methods: Measures of maximal oxygen uptake, maximal heart rate, maximal isometric torque for knee extensor muscles, thigh and triceps surae muscle volumes, and bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal femur region were evaluated. Based on previously published equations, physiological age was determined for maximal oxygen uptake, maximal heart rate, and maximal isometric torque. Muscle volumes for the dominant leg were compared with previously published sex- and age-matched data using z scores. For BMD, T score and z score were calculated. Results: DL had the highest maximal oxygen uptake (42.3 mL·min−1·kg−1) ever observed for a female older than 80 years of age, which gave her a remarkable physiological age (27 y). By contrast, she had a physiological age closer to her biological age for maximal isometric torque (90 y) and maximal heart rate (74 y). The z scores for thigh (0.4) and triceps surae (1.1) muscle volumes revealed that DL’s leg muscles were affected almost as much as her sex- and age-matched peers. The T score (−1.7) for BMD showed that DL had osteopenia but no osteoporosis, and the z score (0.7) showed that DL’s BMD was similar to that of females of the same age. Conclusion: This single case study shows that the remarkable cardiorespiratory fitness coupled with intensive endurance training observed in a female master athlete was not associated with specific preservation of her muscular and skeletal characteristics.

Aerobic working capacity of Eskimos

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 764-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lange Andersen ◽  
J. S. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Physiological Capacity ◽  
Caucasian Men ◽  
Aerobic Working Capacity

The aerobic working capacity was measured in eight young Eskimos. Their maximal oxygen uptake averaged 2.6 liter/min. This is considerably lower than that found in young Caucasian men. The heart rate-oxygen uptake relationship also indicates a lower physiological capacity of the Eskimos. Expressing maximal oxygen uptake on a body weight basis brings about substantial agreement with results of experiments on sedentary-living Scandinavian students. The heart rate taken at the end of the maximal work averaged 173 min for the Eskimos which is about 10% lower than found in Caucasian men, indicating that the work test (bicycling) did not activate the circulatory system of the Eskimos maximally. By assuming a linear correlation between heart rate and O2 consumption up to its maximal value, the maximal O2 uptake would have to be 20% greater to give a maximal heart rate similar to that observed in Caucasian men. The pulmonary ventilation efficiency during exercise was found to be lower in Eskimos than in Caucasian men. Submitted on February 7, 1963

A Model of Oxygen Transport Capacity Changes for Independently Living Older Men and Women

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Cunningham ◽  
Donald H. Paterson ◽  
John J Koval ◽  
Claudette M. St. Croix
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Key Words Aging ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Age Related

The purpose of the present investigation was to describe, for a subset of a large random survey of men and women, restricted to the ages of 55 to 85 years, the physiological decay pattern for aerobic fitness and contributing factors of cardiovascular and pulmonary function. The time course of the age-related changes in maximal oxygen uptake [Formula: see text] ventilatory threshold (TVE), maximal ventilation [Formula: see text] maximal heart rate (HRmax), and O2 pulse [Formula: see text] were examined by fitting the data to a decaying exponential model by use of a least-squares parameter estimation technique. The time constant (τ) was used to describe the rate of decline. The women showed a much slower decline in [Formula: see text] (τ = 47.4 years) and τVE (τ = 83.3 years) than the men (τ = 20.8 and 15.4 years, respectively). There was a significant age-related decrease in body weight (0.45 kg yr−1) in the men, whereas the women showed no change. Pulmonary function did not limit performance based on the very slow decline in [Formula: see text] and the normal FEV1.0. The decay in HRmax was better described by a linear model, resulting in an extremely slow τ. Maximal O2 pulse clearly exhibited an exponential decay, with a shorter τ (τmen = 13,5 years; τwomen = 28.5 years) than any other variable. Key words: aging, exercise, maximal oxygen uptake, ventilatory threshold

Maximal oxygen uptake and heart rate in various types of muscular activity

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 977-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per-Olof 0&Aring;strand ◽  
Bengt Saltin
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Supine Position ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Arm Work

Seven subjects performed maximal work of various types. The following exercises were studied: a) cycling a bicycle ergometer in a sitting and b) supine position, c) simultaneous arm and leg work on bicycle ergometers, d) running on a treadmill, e) skiing, f) swimming, and g) arm work (cranking). Vo2 was a few per cent higher in running uphill than in cycling ( a), cranking plus cycling ( c), and skiing, in which events similar values were attained. Heart rate was similar in those types of exercise mentioned ( a, c, d, e). Supine cycling ( b) gave a maximal Vo2 that was about 15% lower than in sitting cycling. A similar reduction in maximal Vo2 was noted in swimming. Maximal work with the arms ( g) gave an oxygen uptake that was about 70% of maximal Vo2 when cycling ( a). It is concluded that the aerobic capacity and maximal heart rate are the same in maximal running or cycling, at least in well-trained subjects. Submitted on June 23, 1961

Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Daily Physical Activity in 7- to 12-Year-Old Boys

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa ◽  
Mohammed A. Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
School Time ◽  
The Relationship

The present study examined the relationship between maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and daily physical activity in a group of 7- to 12-year-old boys. V̇O2max was assessed through the incremental treadmill test using an open circuit system. Physical activity level was obtained from heart rate telemetry outside of school time for 8 hrs during weekdays and during 40 min of physical education classes. The findings indicated that the absolute value of V̇O2max increased with age, while relative to body weight it remained almost the same across age, with a mean of 48.4 ml · kg−1 · min−1. Moreover, heart rate telemetry showed that the boys spent a limited amount of time on activities that raise the heart rate to a level above 160 bpm (an average of 1.9%). In addition, V̇O2max was found to be significantly related to the percentage of time spent at activity levels at or above a heart rate of 140 bpm, but not with activity levels at or above a heart rate of 160 bpm.

scholarly journals How to Be 80 Year Old and Have a VO2maxof a 35 Year Old

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trine Karlsen ◽  
Ingeborg Megård Leinan ◽  
Fredrik Hjulstad Bækkerud ◽  
Kari Margrethe Lundgren ◽  
Atefe Tari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Filling ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Fitness ◽  
Systolic And Diastolic Function ◽  
High Level ◽  
Ventricular Filling

Background. To discuss the cardiovascular and pulmonary physiology and common risk factors of an 80-year-old man with a world record maximal oxygen uptake of 50 mL·kg−1·min−1.Methods. Case report.Results. His maximal oxygen uptake of 3.31 L·min−1, maximal heart rate of 175 beats·min−1, and maximal oxygen pulse of 19 mL·beats−1are high. He is lean (66.6 kg) and muscular (49% skeletal muscle mass). His echo parameters of mitral flow (left ventricular filling,E= 82 cm·s−1andE/A= 1.2) were normal for 40- to 60-year-old men. Systolic and diastolic function increased adequately during exercise, with no increase in left ventricular filling pressure. He has excellent pulmonary function (FVC = 4.31 L, FEV1 = 3.41, FEV1/FVC = 0.79, and DLCO = 12.0 Si1) and normal FMD and blood volumes (5.8 L). He has a high level of daily activity (10,900 steps·day−1and 2:51 hours·day−1of physical activity) and a lifelong history of physical activity.Conclusion. The man is in excellent cardiopulmonary fitness and is highly physically active. His cardiac and pulmonary functions are above expectations for his age, and his VO2maxis comparable to that of an inactive 25-year-old and of a normal, active 35-year-old Norwegian man.

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