Neural, Metabolic, and Performance Adaptations to Four Weeks of High Intensity Sprint-Interval Training in Trained Cyclists

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals The Effect of Low-Volume Sprint Interval Training on the Development and Subsequent Maintenance of Aerobic Fitness in Soccer Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom W. Macpherson ◽  
Matthew Weston
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Test Level

Purpose:To examine the effect of low-volume sprint interval training (SIT) on the development (part 1) and subsequent maintenance (part 2) of aerobic fitness in soccer players.Methods:In part 1, 23 players from the same semiprofessional team participated in a 2-wk SIT intervention (SIT, n = 14, age 25 ± 4 y, weight 77 ± 8 kg; control, n = 9, age 27 ± 6 y, weight 72 ± 10 kg). The SIT group performed 6 training sessions of 4–6 maximal 30-s sprints, in replacement of regular aerobic training. The control group continued with their regular training. After this 2-wk intervention, the SIT group was allocated to either intervention (n = 7, 1 SIT session/wk as replacement of regular aerobic training) or control (n = 7, regular aerobic training with no SIT sessions) for a 5-wk period (part 2). Pre and post measures were the YoYo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIRL1) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max).Results:In part 1, the 2-week SIT intervention had a small beneficial effect on YYIRL1 (17%; 90% confidence limits ±11%), and VO2max (3.1%; ±5.0%) compared with control. In part 2, 1 SIT session/wk for 5 wk had a small beneficial effect on VO2max (4.2%; ±3.0%), with an unclear effect on YYIRL1 (8%; ±16%).Conclusion:Two weeks of SIT elicits small improvements in soccer players’ high-intensity intermittent-running performance and VO2max, therefore representing a worthwhile replacement of regular aerobic training. The effectiveness of SIT for maintaining SIT-induced improvements in high-intensity intermittent running requires further research.

scholarly journals Supplements and Nutritional Interventions to Augment High-Intensity Interval Training Physiological and Performance Adaptations—A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C. Forbes ◽  
Darren G. Candow ◽  
Abbie E. Smith-Ryan ◽  
Katie R. Hirsch ◽  
Michael D. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Beta Alanine ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Nutritional Strategies

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) involves short bursts of intense activity interspersed by periods of low-intensity exercise or rest. HIIT is a viable alternative to traditional continuous moderate-intensity endurance training to enhance maximal oxygen uptake and endurance performance. Combining nutritional strategies with HIIT may result in more favorable outcomes. The purpose of this narrative review is to highlight key dietary interventions that may augment adaptations to HIIT, including creatine monohydrate, caffeine, nitrate, sodium bicarbonate, beta-alanine, protein, and essential amino acids, as well as manipulating carbohydrate availability. Nutrient timing and potential sex differences are also discussed. Overall, sodium bicarbonate and nitrates show promise for enhancing HIIT adaptations and performance. Beta-alanine has the potential to increase training volume and intensity and improve HIIT adaptations. Caffeine and creatine have potential benefits, however, longer-term studies are lacking. Presently, there is a lack of evidence supporting high protein diets to augment HIIT. Low carbohydrate training enhances the upregulation of mitochondrial enzymes, however, there does not seem to be a performance advantage, and a periodized approach may be warranted. Lastly, potential sex differences suggest the need for future research to examine sex-specific nutritional strategies in response to HIIT.

scholarly journals The Spatiotemporal Characteristics of 0–24-Goal Polo

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russ Best ◽  
Regan Standing
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Spatiotemporal Characteristics ◽  
Physiological Demands ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Mean Differences

Global positioning systems (GPS) have recently been shown to reliably quantify the spatiotemporal characteristics of Polo, with the physiological demands of Polo play at low- and high-goal levels also investigated. This study aims to describe the spatiotemporal demands of Polo across 0–24 goal levels. A player-worn GPS unit was used to quantify distance, speed and high-intensity activities performed. Data were divided into chukkas and five equine-based speed zones, grouped per cumulative player handicap and assessed using standardized mean differences. Average distance and speed per chukka increased in accordance with cumulative player handicap, with the magnitude of differences being trivial–large and trivial–very large, respectively. Differences between time spent in high-intensity speed zones (zones 4 and 5) show a linear increase in magnitude, when comparing 0 goal Polo to all other levels of play (Small–Very Large; 6–24 goals, respectively). High-intensity activities predominantly shared this trend, displaying trivial–large differences between levels. These findings highlight increased cardiovascular, anaerobic and speed based physiological demands on Polo ponies as playing level increases. Strategies such as high-intensity interval training, maximal speed work and aerobic conditioning may be warranted to facilitate this development and improve pony welfare and performance.

Skeletal Muscle Metabolic and Performance Adaptations After Short Sprint Interval Training (SIT).

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S20
Author(s):  
Kirsten A. Burgomaster ◽  
George J.F. Heigenhauser ◽  
Martin J. Gibala
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
And Performance

Physiological and performance responses to high-intensity interval training in female inline speed skaters

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (196) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Fereshtian ◽  
Mohsen Sheykhlouvand ◽  
Scott Forbes ◽  
Hamid Agha-Alinejad ◽  
Mohammadali Gharaat
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Intensity Interval

scholarly journals The Investigation of the Physical and Performance Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training (HITT) on Sedentary University Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Ali Erdem Cigerci ◽  
Harun Genc
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bonferroni Test ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Intensity Interval

The aim of this study was to examine the physical and selected performance characteristics of 9-week High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on sedentary university students. Participants were separated two groups as HIIT and control group (CG). HIIT group applied training 3 times a week for 9 weeks. CG was not applied any training. Before and after HIIT training program, the subjects were applied to age, height, body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI) tests for physical parameters and standing long jump (SLJ), vertical jump (VJ), 10-20 m sprint, T agility test (TAT), star excursion balance test (SEBT), running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST) for performance parameters. Multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze of inter-group, intra group and the effect of training in repeated measurements. Bonferroni test was used for Post Hoc comparisons; the significance level was accepted as 0.05. There was a significant difference in BW, BMI and all performance parameters in favor of HIIT group. HIIT provided effective development to physical and performance characteristics of university students.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity and incidence of non-response for changes in cardiorespiratory fitness following time-efficient sprint interval exercise training

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S Metcalfe ◽  
Niels BJ Vollaard
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Mechanisms Of Adaptation ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Induced Changes

Interindividual variability for training-induced changes in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is well described following continuous aerobic and high-intensity interval training. Whether similar variability is observed following time-efficient sprint interval training with minimal training volume (i.e., reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training; REHIT) is unknown. We conducted a pooled analysis of n=117 (68 men) training participants (mean±SD: age: 30±10 y; VO2max: 34.8±7.5 ml·kg-1·min-1), who completed a VO2max assessment before and 3 days after 6 weeks of REHIT comprising of two 10-20 second ‘all-out’ cycling sprints per session, and n=40 no-intervention control participants (age: 30±13 y; VO2max: 31.5±6.5 ml·kg-1·min-1) who completed repeated VO2max tests over a comparable timeframe. Individual responses estimated using 50% confidence intervals derived from the technical error were interpreted against a smallest worthwhile change (SWC) of 1.75 ml·kg-1·min-1. The standard deviation of individual responses was 2.39 ml·kg-1·min-1 demonstrating clinically meaningful heterogeneity in training-induced changes in VO2max following REHIT that exceed the technical, biological and random within-subjects variability of VO2max assessment. The likely (75% probability) non-response rate was 18% (21/117), and 49% (57/117) of individuals demonstrated increases in VO2max likely higher than the SWC. We conclude that the well-described increase in VO2max following REHIT at the group level is subject to substantial variability in magnitude at an individual level. This has important implications for exercise prescription and can be harnessed to elucidate mechanisms of adaptation. Novelty: • There is substantial heterogeneity in VO2max responses following time-efficient sprint interval training • Proportion of non-response was 18% and ∽50% of individuals show clinically meaningful increases in VO2max

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