scholarly journals Radiological and Electrophysiological Detection of Nerve Roots Avulsion in Patients with Birth-Related Brachial Plexus Paralysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 24-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia K Terzis ◽  
Michael L Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Brachial Plexus Paralysis

A rare variation in the formation of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus its embryological basis and clinical importance - a case report

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
N Satyanarayana ◽  
R Guha ◽  
P Sunitha ◽  
GN Reddy ◽  
G Praveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Rare Variation ◽  
Lower Trunk ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
The Right

Brachial plexus is the plexus of nerves, that supplies the upper limb.Variations in the branches of brachial plexus are common but variations in the roots and trunks are very rare. Here, we report one of the such rare variations in the formations of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus in the right upper limb of a male cadaver. In the present case the lower trunk was formed by the union of ventral rami of C7,C8 and T1 nerve roots. The middle trunk was absent. Upper trunk formation was normal. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-6,No-4, 49-52 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v6i4.6727

scholarly journals Post-operative Brachial Plexus Paralysis

BMJ ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 1 (4768) ◽  
pp. 1115-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Wood-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Brachial Plexus Paralysis

The Diagnostic Value of MRI in Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injury

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. OCHI ◽  
Y. IKUTA ◽  
M. WATANABE ◽  
K. KIMOR ◽  
K. ITOH
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Brachial Plexus Injury ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Surgical Exploration ◽  
Nerve Root Avulsion ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Individual

Findings in 34 patients with traumatic brachial plexus injury documented by surgical exploration and intra-operative somatosensory-evoked potentials were correlated with findings on myelography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine whether MRI can identify nerve root avulsion. The coronal and sagittal planes were not able to demonstrate avulsion of the individual nerve roots. The axial and axial oblique planes did provide useful information to determine which nerve root was avulsed in the upper plexus, although it was difficult to clearly delineate the lower cervical rootlets. The accuracy of MRI was 73% for C5 and 64% for C6 and that of myelograpby 63% for C5 and 64% for C6. Thus, the diagnostic accuracy of MRI for upper nerve roots was slightly superior to myelography. Although its primary diagnostic value is limited to the upper nerve roots whose avulsion is relatively difficult to diagnose by myelography, MRI can provide useful guidance in the waiting period prior to surgical exploration after brachial plexus injury.

Computed tomography of masses of the brachial plexus and contributing nerve roots in dogs

2004 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie R. Rudich ◽  
Daniel A. Feeney ◽  
Kari L. Anderson ◽  
Patricia A. Walter
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Nerve Roots

scholarly journals Relationship of age and type of obstetric brachial plexus paralysis in forearm pronosupination

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-600
Author(s):  
Yussef Ali Abdouni ◽  
Gabriel Faria Checoli ◽  
Valdênia das Graças Nascimento ◽  
Antonio Carlos da Costa ◽  
Ivan Chakkour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Obstetric Brachial Plexus ◽  
Brachial Plexus Paralysis ◽  
Relationship Of

Nerve Hypertrophy and Altered Diffusion in Anti-Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein Neuropathy Detected by Brachial Plexus Magnetic Resonance Neurography

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kyosuke Koide ◽  
Atsuhiko Sugiyama ◽  
Hajime Yokota ◽  
Hiroki Mukai ◽  
Jiaqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Neurography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Myelin Associated Glycoprotein

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> This study assessed the morphological changes and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-derived parameters of the brachial plexus using magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) in patients with anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (anti-MAG) neuropathy. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Eight patients with anti-MAG neuropathy underwent MRN of the brachial plexus with 3-dimensional (3D) short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and DTI sequences. Two neuroradiologists and a neurologist qualitatively assessed nerve hypertrophy on 3D STIR MRN. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the nerve roots was measured. Quantitative analyses of fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial, radial, and mean diffusivity (AD, RD, and MD) were obtained after postprocessing on DTI and manual segmentation. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There was nerve hypertrophy in 37.5% of the patients with anti-MAG neuropathy. All patients with anti-MAG neuropathy with nerve hypertrophy were refractory to rituximab therapy. The CSA of the nerve roots was inversely correlated with FA and positively correlated with MD and RD. FA decreased in the nerve roots and inversely correlated with disease duration. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Nerve hypertrophy appears in the proximal portion of peripheral nerves, such as the brachial plexus, in patients with anti-MAG neuropathy. Altered diffusion in the nerve roots might be associated with the loss of myelin integrity due to the demyelination process in anti-MAG neuropathy.

Intradural cervical root adjacent interconnections in the normal, prefixed, and postfixed brachial plexus

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shane Tubbs ◽  
Diala El-Zammar ◽  
Marios Loukas ◽  
Ayhan Cömert ◽  
Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Thoracic Vertebrae ◽  
Spinal Segment ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Spinal Axis ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Upper Thoracic ◽  
Cervical Root

Object Intradural intercommunications between adjacent nerve roots have received scant attention in the literature. Moreover, the pattern of these connections among individuals harboring normal, pre-, and postfixed brachial plexuses, to the authors' knowledge, has not been explored. Methods Sixty adult cadavers were evaluated for the presence of a normal, prefixed, or postfixed brachial plexus. Next, with the cadaver placed prone, laminectomies of all cervical and the upper thoracic vertebrae were performed. The dura mater was opened and observations were made for the presence of neural intercommunications between the roots of adjacent spinal levels. Any correlations between such root communications and pre- and postfixed brachial plexuses were explored. Results Among the cadavers, 28% harbored prefixed and 5% harbored postfixed brachial plexuses. Intercommunications between adjacent dorsal roots were more or less equally distributed between left and right sides. A total of 134 interconnections were identified between C-1 and T-2 levels. No interconnection spanned more than one spinal segment. When all sides were included, in ascending order based on the number of interconnections present, interconnections between roots were found between T-1 and T-2, C-1 and C-2, C-8 and T-1, C-2 and C-3, C-3 and C-4, C-4 and C-5, C-7 and C-8, C-6 and C-7, and C-5 and C-6. In this same order, the percent of total connections for each of these levels was 0, 0.8, 2, 7, 13, 15, 16, 20, and 25%. For left and right sides, a total of 73 and 61 interconnections were identified, respectively. This order of concentration was found to have no statistical difference between cadavers that had a normal arrangement of the brachial plexus, a prefixed brachial plexus, or a postfixed brachial plexus. No specimen was found to have interconnections between adjacent ventral roots. Conclusions Such variations as intradural interconnections may lead to misinterpretation of spinal levels harboring pathological entities of the spinal axis and should be considered during surgical procedures of this region such as rhizotomy. However, the present study did not find a correlation between the level of these interconnections and whether the brachial plexus was pre- or postfixed (that is, there were no observable shifts intradurally that corresponded to the extradural segmental contributions to the brachial plexus).

An experimental investigation of the nerve roots which enter into the formation of the lumbo-sacral plexus of Macacus rhesus

1894 ◽  
Vol 54 (326-330) ◽  
pp. 243-272 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Sacral Plexus ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
University College ◽  
Great Willingness ◽  
Work Done

The first part of my task is to express my great indebtedness to Professor Victor Horsley for enabling me to carry out this investigation under favourable circumstances at the Pathological Laboratory of University College, and for his great willingness at all times to criticise the results which I obtained. In a paper on the functions of the nerve roots which enter into the formation of the brachial plexus of the dog, I gave an account of the views that have been expressed and the work done in connexion with the limb plexuses. The hypotheses as to their significance advanced by Reil, Scarpa, A. Monro, Sömmering, and others were not alluded to, as they were mere conjectures, unsupported by any substantial evidence.

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