The US Trade and Budget Deficits in Global Perspective: An Essay in Geopolitical-Economy

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Corbridge ◽  
J Agnew
Keyword(s):  
Global Perspective ◽  
Budget Deficits ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals Global Text Mining and Development of Pharmacogenomic Knowledge Resource for Precision Medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debleena Guin ◽  
Jyoti Rani ◽  
Priyanka Singh ◽  
Sandeep Grover ◽  
Shivangi Bora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Text Mining ◽  
Drug Response ◽  
Clinical Trial Data ◽  
Response Prediction ◽  
R Package ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Manual Curation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Benchmark Datasets

Understanding patients’ genomic variations and their effect in protecting or predisposing them to drug response phenotypes is important for providing personalized healthcare. Several studies have manually curated such genotype–phenotype relationships into organized databases from clinical trial data or published literature. However, there are no text mining tools available to extract high-accuracy information from such existing knowledge. In this work, we used a semiautomated text mining approach to retrieve a complete pharmacogenomic (PGx) resource integrating disease–drug–gene-polymorphism relationships to derive a global perspective for ease in therapeutic approaches. We used an R package, pubmed.mineR, to automatically retrieve PGx-related literature. We identified 1,753 disease types, and 666 drugs, associated with 4,132 genes and 33,942 polymorphisms collated from 180,088 publications. With further manual curation, we obtained a total of 2,304 PGx relationships. We evaluated our approach by performance (precision = 0.806) with benchmark datasets like Pharmacogenomic Knowledgebase (PharmGKB) (0.904), Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) (0.600), and The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) (0.729). We validated our study by comparing our results with 362 commercially used the US- Food and drug administration (FDA)-approved drug labeling biomarkers. Of the 2,304 PGx relationships identified, 127 belonged to the FDA list of 362 approved pharmacogenomic markers, indicating that our semiautomated text mining approach may reveal significant PGx information with markers for drug response prediction. In addition, it is a scalable and state-of-art approach in curation for PGx clinical utility.

scholarly journals Inequality in a global perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Kanbur
Keyword(s):  
Relative Weight ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Global Constraints ◽  
Global Inequality ◽  
China And India ◽  
Redistribution Policy ◽  
Institutional Responses ◽  
The Us ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Globalized World

Abstract The basic story of global inequality in the last three decades has been an overall decline, but one which is composed of quite intricate patterns. There has been a decline in between-country inequality as China and India have grown relative to the US and other rich countries. This has been accompanied by an increase in within-country inequality, but this is itself composed of rising inequality in some countries such as China, India, and the US, and declining inequality in other countries, including large economies in Latin America. Section II of the paper reviews these patterns, highlighting country diversity to make the central point that policy matters. Section III addresses a normative question—what relative weight should be given to within-country and between-country inequality in making an overall global assessment? This section brings on board recent philosophical discourse, including on inequality of opportunity in a global frame. Section IV returns to the ‘policy matters’ theme and takes up global constraints on national redistribution policy in a globalized world: for example, a race to the bottom on taxation to attract and keep capital and talent, and possible global institutional responses to alleviate these constraints.

Second interim analysis of GIDEON (Global Investigation of Therapeutic Decisions in Unresectable HCC and of Its Treatment with Sorafenib): U.S. versus global perspective on patient and disease characteristics, treatment history, and sorafenib use.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 278-278
Author(s):  
Robert C. G. Martin ◽  
Anthony B. El-Khoueiry ◽  
Alec Goldenberg ◽  
Alan Paul Venook ◽  
Parvez Mantry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Interim Analysis ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Treatment History ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
The Us ◽  
Prior Surgery

278 Background: GIDEON is a global, prospective, noninterventional study of patients (pts) treated with sorafenib (SOR) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). Regions evaluated included US, Europe, Japan, Asia Pacific, and Latin America. Detailed regional data were presented by Kudo et al (ILCA 2011, abstr 0-030). Data from the second US interim analysis are compared to global results. Methods: Eligible pts had uHCC and were treated with SOR. Demographics, disease etiology, treatment history, and SOR dosing were compared in a descriptive, preplanned subgroup analysis. Results: Global and US safety populations comprised 1571 and 313 pts, respectively. In the US, hepatitis B was less common (18% vs 37% global) whereas hepatitis C was more frequent (53% vs 32% global). Alcoholic liver disease etiology was higher in US pts (41% vs 29% global). US pts were diagnosed with later-stage disease, but fewer US pts had documented BCLC and Child-Pugh status. Fewer US pts had an ECOG PS 0 at start of SOR (28% vs 40% global). Rates of prior surgery and locoregional treatment were similar in US (11% and 49%, respectively) and global pts (19% and 55%, respectively). US pts treated with TACE (n = 116) underwent fewer TACE procedures (≥3: 13.8% vs 38.9% global); most (59%) TACE-treated pts in the US received 1 treatment. In US vs global pts, median time from prior surgery to start of SOR was 10 months (range 1-61) vs 14 months (range 1-181) and median time from last TACE to start of SOR was 3.2 months vs 3.1 months. Conclusions: Disease characteristics and treatment patterns for pts with uHCC in the US differ from those in the global population. US pts enrolled in GIDEON (ie, receiving SOR) have differing etiologies of liver disease and have a greater proportion of hepatic dysfunction, likely accounting for worse performance status. [Table: see text]

BUDGET DEFICITS AND INTEREST RATES: THE US EVIDENCE SINCE 1946

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (02) ◽  
pp. 191-200
Author(s):  
SHAKIL QUAYES ◽  
A. M. M. JAMAL
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Corporate Bonds ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Budget Deficits ◽  
Real Rate ◽  
The Us ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Post War

Many economists believe that federal government's budget deficits result in higher interest rates. This increase in interest rates can stifle private investment and impede the real rate of economic growth for the economy. This paper examines the potential impact of federal budget deficits on long-term interest rates for corporate bonds. The study is based on post-war annual US data, and employs a standard demand-supply model. The empirical results in our study provide evidence that the increasing budget deficits lead to higher interest rate for corporate bonds. In this regard, our study supports arguments for the crowding out theory.

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