Pasture productivity and quality of Urochloa brizantha cultivar Marandu evaluated at two grazing intervals and their impact on milk production

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Moura ◽  
T. R. Tomich ◽  
L. G. R. Pereira ◽  
A. M. Teixeira ◽  
D. S. C. Paciullo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Zebu Cows

The present study aimed to evaluate two rotational stocking intervals (GI) over three consecutive grazing periods on forage productivity, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu pastures, and the subsequent impact on milk production. Grazing treatments were (1) fixed rest period at 30 days (30-FG) and (2) grazing interval when canopy was intercepting 95% photosynthetically active radiation (95-LI). Eighteen multiparous Holstein × Zebu cows (548 ± 61.0 kg bodyweight, BW) and 70 ± 18.1 days in milk were used. Experiment lasted for 99 days (i.e. 33 days per period). Nine cows with similar milk production and BW were randomly allocated to each GI treatment balanced on milk production and BW. The adjustment of carrying capacity per paddock was made aiming to achieve a post-grazing residual height of 20 cm. For this, additional dry Holstein × Zebu cows (averaging 550 kg BW) were added and removed from the paddocks according put-and-take technique. Data were statistically analysed considering field sites as block (n = 2), GI (30-FG vs 95-LI), periods (three consecutive) and interaction GI × periods. Interactions occurred between GI and periods for pre- and post-grazing height (P ≤ 0.05). Greater pre-grazing height was observed for 30-FG (P < 0.01), but post-grazing height was greater (P < 0.01) for 30-FG only in the third period. GI for treatment 30-FG was ~6 days longer (P = 0.01) than that for 95-LIand light interception was greater (2%) for 30-FG. Total forage, stem and dead material mass per area were greater (P < 0.01) for 30-FG than 95-LI. However, stocking rate was 11.3% greater (P = 0.02) for 95-LI than 30-FG. In the pre-grazing period, 95-LI had greater (P < 0.01) proportion of leaves and a greater leaf : stem ratio, whereas neutral detergent fibre concentration tended to be lower (P = 0.08) and crude protein concentration greater (P < 0.01) in 95-LI than in 30-FG. Daily milk productivity per area and its components were 16–28% greater (P < 0.01) for 95-LI than for 30-FD. These results suggest that GI of Marandu grass determined by light interception at 95% (95-LI) enabled the reduction of GI, improved forage nutritive value and increased milk productivity compared with a fixed 30 days (30-FG) of rest.

scholarly journals Caracterização dos Estratos Verticais de Pastagens Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu Manejadas em Diferentes Alturas

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 09-15
Author(s):  
Rafaela Machado dos Santos ◽  
José Victor Pronievks Barreto ◽  
Mateus Ludovico Zamboti ◽  
Camila Cano Serafim ◽  
Kivia Cardoso Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Environment Effects ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

A estrutura da pastagem é uma característica determinante tanto da dinâmica de crescimento da planta quanto do comportamento ingestivo dos animais. O objetivo do trabalho foi descrever a densidade da forragem e a proporção dos componentes morfológicos da planta, nos estratos verticais de pastagens de capim Marandu, submetido ao pastejo em diferentes alturas. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado e as análises de variância e de regressão. Durante o experimento, as alturas médias dos seis piquetes utilizados foram de 10, 17, 18, 29, 32 e 50 cm. O material coletado foi separado, em lâmina foliar, colmo verde e material morto, que foram analisados quanto ao teor de matéria seca, proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro. Os estratos verticais apresentaram diferentes composições em relação aos componentes morfológicos de acordo com a altura do pasto. Os estratos próximos ao solo apresentaram maior densidade de forragem com valores de 370 a 543 kg/ha.cm, maior proporção de colmos verdes (30 a 53%) e material morto (25 a 52%) e menor de lâminas foliares (10 a 35%). Independente da altura do pasto, os estratos superiores são mais sensíveis aos efeitos do animal e do ambiente, e apresentaram maiores teores de PB e FDN para lâminas foliares e colmos. Nos estratos acima de 15 cm, os valores de PB e FDN das lâminas foliares verdes variaram entre 10,3 e 13,6% e 49,3 e 54,2%, respectivamente. O manejo em diferentes alturas altera as características dos estratos verticais do pasto, principalmente, nos estratos acima de 15 cm.   Palavras-chave: Altura do Pasto. Densidade Forrageira. Colmos Verdes. Material Morto. Lâmina Foliar.   Abstract The pasture structure is a determining characteristic of both the plant growth dynamics and the animals ingestive behavior. The objective of the work was to describe the density and the proportion of the plant’morphological components, in the pastures vertical strata of Marandu grass, subjected to grazing at different heights. The design used was completely randomized and the analysis of variance and regression.  During the experiment, the average heights of  six paddocks used were 10, 17, 18, 29, 32 and 50 cm. The collected material was separated into leaf blade, green stem and dead material, which were analyzed as to the dry matter content, crude protein and fiber in neutral detergent. The vertical strata presented different compositions in relation to the morphological components according to the height of the pasture.  The near-soil strata showed higher forage density with values from 370 to 543 kg/ha.cm, higher proportion of green stems (30 to 53%) and dead material (25 to 52%) and smaller number of leaf blades (10 to 35%). Regardless of the height of the pasture, the upper strata are more sensitive to the animal and the environment effects, and presented higher levels of CP and NDF for leaf blades and stems.  In the strata above 15 cm, the values of PB and NDF of the green leaf blades varied between 10.3 and 13.6% and 49.3 and 54.2%, respectively. The management of different heights change the characteristics of the pasturevertical strata, mainly in the strata above 15 cm.   Keywords: Height of the Pasture. Forage Density. Green Stems. Dead Material. Leaf Laminas.  

Dry matter intake, nutrient selection and milk production of dairy cows grazing rainfed perennial pastures at different herbage allowances in spring

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 923 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Moate ◽  
D. E. Dalley ◽  
J. R. Roche ◽  
C. Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Selection Differentials

Summary. The effect of herbage allowance (20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 kg DM/cow. day) on the consumption of nutrients from herbage and milk production by cows in early lactation, was examined. The experiment was conducted on rainfed perennial ryegrass pastures in September and October 1997 in south-eastern Victoria, Australia. The herbage on offer comprised 64% perennial ryegrass, 21% other grasses, 1% white clover, 5% weeds and 9% dead material on a dry matter (DM) basis. The average pregrazing herbage height was 13 cm, at an estimated pregrazing herbage mass of 3.6 t DM/ha. The herbage on offer was of high quality containing 11.6 MJ metabolisable energy/kg DM, 202 g crude protein/kg DM and 525 g neutral detergent fibre/kg DM. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur and chloride were 4.4, 2.2, 4.4, 31.2, 3.5, 2.7 and 11.4 g/kg DM, respectively. As daily herbage allowance per cow increased, dry matter intake increased curvilinearly (P<0.01) from 11.2 to 18.7 kg DM/cow. day. This was associated with a decrease in utilisation of herbage from 54 to 26% and an increase in milk production from 25.9 to 29.1 kg/cow. day. The cows on all treatments grazed for less than 8.7 h/day. The increase in intake was achieved by an increase in the rate of herbage intake from 1.5 to 2.2 kg DM/h for herbage allowances of 20 and 70 kg/cow.day, respectively. Irrespective of herbage allowance, cows selected a diet that was approximately 10% higher in in vitro dry matter digestibility and 30% higher in crude protein than that in the herbage on offer. The neutral detergent fibre content of the herbage selected was lower (P<0.05) than that on offer. The herbage consumed contained more (P<0.05) magnesium, potassium and sulfur, the same amount of calcium and phosphorus and less (P<0.05) sodium and chloride than the herbage on offer. For rainfed perennial pastures in spring, herbage allowance is an important factor in determining voluntary feed intake and production of dairy cows. To achieve 30 L from herbage, without supplementation, high herbage allowances are required. The increase in herbage intake, with increasing herbage allowance, resulted from an increase in rate of dry matter intake and not an increase in grazing time. No relationship was evident between herbage allowance and the selection differentials for in vitro dry matter digestibility, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre. Selection differentials for rainfed perennial pastures in spring are similar to those reported for irrigated perennial pastures in northern Victoria in spring and autumn. When determining nutrient requirements it is important to consider the interaction between herbage intake and nutrient concentration in the herbage.

Quantifying the ruminal degradation of nutrients in three cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) sampled during early spring and summer

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
M. L. Douglas ◽  
M. J. Auldist ◽  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
M. C. Hannah ◽  
S. C. Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Degradable Protein

Context The Australian dairy industry is characterised by pasture-based feeding systems, where grazed pasture is commonly supplemented with cereal grain to increase milk production of dairy cows. Perennial ryegrass (PRG; Lolium perenne L.) is the most commonly used pasture species, with a wide range of cultivars available. However, the nutritive characteristics and the degradation of nutrients in individual PRG cultivars grown in different environments in Australia are unknown, and significant variation between cultivars may impact on supplementary nutrient requirements. Aims The objective of this experiment was to quantify the extent of ruminal degradation of nutrients in three contrasting PRG cultivars (Bealey NEA2, Trojan NEA2 and Victorian SE) harvested during early spring and summer from Gippsland, northern Victoria and south-west Victoria in Victoria, Australia. Methods Degradation parameters were determined by in situ incubation in the rumens of non-lactating, rumen-fistulated Holstein–Friesian cows for 72 h using a nylon bag technique. Key results During both seasons, Bealey NEA2 had the greatest effective degradability of crude protein and neutral detergent fibre compared with Trojan NEA2 and Victorian SE. Cultivars harvested during early spring had greater effective degradability of crude protein and neutral detergent fibre, and a greater amount of rumen degradable protein compared with cultivars harvested during summer. Cultivars harvested from Gippsland had greater crude protein and neutral detergent fibre effective degradability, as well as a greater amount of rumen degradable protein, whereas cultivars harvested from northern Victoria had a greater amount of undegraded dietary protein. Conclusions These results demonstrate that the ruminal degradation of PRG cultivars declines with increasing maturity, and that there are differences between cultivars and regions; however, differences between seasons are of a greater magnitude and are more important to consider when formulating optimal supplementary grain rations. Implications This research has positive implications for farmers who will be able to understand the degradation of nutrients in PRG, and the amounts of rumen degradable protein and undegraded dietary protein available from pasture during each season. Farmers will be able to use this information to formulate supplementary grain rations that complement the nutrients from pasture and optimise milk production.

scholarly journals Response of silage intake and milk production to replacement of barley by barley fibre derived from integrated starch-ethanol process

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 711-721
Author(s):  
Pekka Huhtanen ◽  
Hannele Ala-Seppälä ◽  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Ad Libitum

A duplicated 4 x 4 Latin Square experiment was conducted to determine the effects of a gradually increased level of barley fibre in the diet on ad libitum grass silage intake and milk production. Barley fibre is a fibrous ethanol-starch by-product (120 g crude protein, 550 g neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and 120 g starch/kg dry matter (DM)). The four supplements, given at the rate of 6.5 kg/d on DM basis, were barley (B) and barley of which 333 g/kg (BF), 667 g/kg (FB) and 1000 g/kg (F) were replaced by barley fibre. In addition the cows were given 1 kg of rapeseed meal and 0.25 kg of mineral mixture. As the proportion of barley fibre in the diet increased there was a linear (P

Nutritive value of corn silage in mixture with vine peas

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhu ◽  
C. S. Bai ◽  
X. S. Guo ◽  
Y. L. Xue ◽  
Kazuo Ataku
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Plastic Bags

Combining corn with legumes for silage is a feasible strategy to improve crude protein concentration in corn silage. This study was conducted to determine the fermentation characteristics and overall nutritive value of ensiled corn (Zea mays L.), vine peas (Pisum sativum L.), and mixtures of the two crops at three different ratios. The two crops were ensiled in corn/pea mixtures containing 0, 33, 50, 67, and 100% corn in vacuumed plastic bags for 60 days at room temperature. The addition of peas to corn crude protein and dry matter concentrations in the ensiled forages had a negligible influence on neutral detergent fibre concentration compared with corn silage. Corn silage had a greater (P < 0.05) lactic acid concentration than vine peas silage and the mixtures. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in in vitro dry matter and neutral detergent fibre digestibility among the silages made from the vine peas, corn, and mixtures. Improved fermentation characteristics were obtained in vine peas and corn mixture silage at a ratio of 33 : 67 compared with the other mixtures and vine peas silage. Results generated from this study suggest that combining vine peas with corn for silage could provide livestock with not only a high energy concentration feed, but a high concentration of crude protein as well.

scholarly journals Initial height and nitrogen fertilisation on deferred pastures of marandu palisadegrass

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 959
Author(s):  
Henrique Cesar Rodrigues Nogueira ◽  
Manoel Eduardo Rozalino Santos ◽  
Bruno Humberto Rezende Carvalho ◽  
Angélica Nunes de Carvalho ◽  
Kathleen Alves Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dead Leaf ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Litter Mass ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilisation ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
The Masses ◽  
N Rates

In deferred pastures, nitrogen fertilisation and pasture height at the beginning of the deferment period modify the structure and nutritive value of forage. This work was conducted to determine the nitrogen (N) doses and sward heights that were adequate for the deferment of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu syn. Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (marandu palisadegrass). Two sward heights (15 and 30 cm) and four N rates (0, 40, 80,120 kg/ha) at the beginning of the deferment period were evaluated in a randomised block design and a factorial scheme with three replications. At the end of the deferment period, the numbers of live and dead tillers, the numbers of tillers with different sizes, the masses of live leaf lamina, dead leaf lamina, live stem and dead stem, the litter mass and the crude protein and neutral detergent fibre contents of the forage were evaluated. With nitrogen fertilisation, there was an increase in the masses of live leaf and live stem in the deferred canopy. With the application of 80 kg/ha of N, the litter mass was higher in the deferred canopy with a height of 30 cm, in relation to that with a height of 15 cm. The highest canopy presented greater stem mass and worse nutritional value when compared to the lowest one. In order to improve forage characteristics, marandu palisadegrass can be deferred by 15 cm and fertilised with 80 kg/ha N. When marandu palisade grass is deferred to 30 cm, nitrogen doses lower than 80 kg/ha can be applied.

scholarly journals Banana peel in the diet for F1 Holstein x Zebu cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Roberto Silveira Pimentel ◽  
Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior ◽  
Marco Túlio Parrela de Melo ◽  
José Reinaldo Mendes Ruas ◽  
Lara Maria Santos Brant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Sorghum Silage ◽  
Zebu Cows

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of includingsun-dried banana peel in diets for F1 Holstein x Zebu cows on intake, digestibility and milk production. Diets were composed of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60% replacement of sorghum silage with banana peel provided to 10 cows in two simultaneous 5 x 5 Latin squares, with the experiment divided into five periods of 16 days. The dry matter intake showed a quadratic effect with maximum level at 38.30% substitution as well as intake of crude protein expressed in kg-1 day and percentage of body weight, with maximum at the levels of 50.09 and 45.69% inclusion of the peel, respectively. The intake of neutral detergent fiber and the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and crude protein showed a decreasing linear effect. Variation in weight and body condition score, milk production and feed conversion were not affected. The replacement of 60% sorghum silage with banana peel represents a viable alternative as it causes no change in cows with average production of 16.49 kg milk with 3.5% fat day-1, reducing feeding costs.

56. The Nutritive Value of Proteins for Milk Production. I. A Comparison of the Proteins of Beans, Linseed, and Meat Meal

1933 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Morris ◽  
Norman C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

The protein requirements for maintenance and milk production are based on the well-known investigations of Kellner, Armsby, Haecker, Savage and others, who recommend feeding standards varying from 0·5 to 0·;8 lb. digestible crude protein per 1000 lb. live weight for maintenance, and from 0·52 to 0·63 lb. digestible crude protein per 10 lb. milk for milk production. A detailed study of the work of these investigations shows that in many instances nitrogen equilibrium has been obtained on considerably lower planes of protein intake: but the figures have been arbitrarily raised, partly to provide a sufficient safeguard against underfeeding, and partly on the assumption that the excess food protein could exert a stimulating effect on mammary secretion. Recent investigations, particularly those of Hills and his associates (l), Perkins (2), Buschmann(3) and Savage and Harrison (4) indicate that the existing protein standards could, in fact, be considerably reduced. The above investigations have, however, been limited to a study of the quantity of protein required for maintenance and milk production, and no account has been taken of the possible effect of variations in the quality of proteins on their utilisation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the availability of mass of forage: morphological responses and chemical composition of Tanzania grass subjected to two pasture-management strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Gabriel Camilo ◽  
Alberto Magno Fernandes ◽  
Tadeu Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Danielle Ferreira Baffa ◽  
Sarah Ellen Eduardo Bernardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Sward Height

The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphogenetic traits and chemical composition of Tanzania grass using a fixed rest period or according to light interception at 95%. The treatments consisted of evaluations of two Tanzania-grass pasture-management strategies: (1) LI95 - animals entered the paddocks when the pasture reached 95% of light interception (LI), with three days of paddock occupation; and (2) FR - the pasture was managed with a defoliation interval (DI) of 30 days, and three days of paddock occupation. The experimental area consisted of 4 ha, with 22 paddocks per treatments. Ten recently-calved cows were used per treatment in year 1, and eight cows were used per treatment in year 2. Sward height, forage mass, and morphological components and their chemical composition were evaluated. The management strategies used on the Tanzania grass pasture did not affect pasture mass or height in the pre- and post-grazing conditions, or the proportion of stems. However, the proportion of leaves was greater in the paddocks with 95% light interception. The crude protein content was higher in the paddocks with 95% light interception; the other nutrients were not affected. In conclusion, management adopting 95% light interception does not influence morphogenetic traits. Nevertheless, it promotes an increase in the crude protein content of grasses.

scholarly journals Nutritional potential of bamboo leaves for feeding dairy cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Herilalao Andriarimalala ◽  
Claude Cocou Kpomasse ◽  
Paulo Salgado ◽  
Noroseheno Ralisoa ◽  
Jayraman Durai
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Bamboo Leaves ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Feed shortage during the dry season in the highlands of Madagascar negatively impacts the dairy cattle productivity, as well as the farmers’ income. Bamboo can produce a high quantity of biomass and could be an alternative way to increase the fodder supply for cattle. The present study aimed to assess the compositional information and the optimal rate of bamboo as fodder for dairy cattle. Leaf samples from nine bamboo species were collected to determine their chemical composition and nutritive value. A feeding experiment was also conducted using ten dairy cows, over ten weeks. Bamboo leaves were mixed with maize silage in five proportions: SIL0:BAM100, SIL25:BAM75, SIL50:BAM50, SIL75:BAM25 and SIL100:BAM0. The contents of dry matter, total ash and crude protein in the bamboo leaves were, respectively, 44.5-64.6 %, 6.68-18.5 % and 7.71-15.4 %. In the feeding trial, the dry matter intake of bamboo leaves was 1.6-7.1 kg per day, with an average of 4.8 kg per day. The dry matter apparent digestibility of bamboo leaves was 37.4-56.4 %. The milk production reached 13.6-14.4 L per cow, per day, but there was no significant difference concerning the rate of bamboo leaves in the mixed diet (p > 0.05). The introduction of bamboo leaves into the ruminants diet did not affect their milk production.

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