Portal drained-viscera heat production and net flux of volatile fatty acids in Iberian pigs fed acorn

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lachica ◽  
L. González-Valero ◽  
J. M. Rodríguez-López ◽  
L. Lara ◽  
I. Fernández-Fígares
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Net Flux ◽  
Proportional Contribution ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Evergreen Oak ◽  
Over Time

The aim of the present study was to determine the portal-drained viscera (PDV) heat production (HP) and net PDV flux of volatile fatty acids (VFA: acetic, propionic and butyric acids) in Iberian pigs (34-kg bodyweight) fed with acorn from evergreen oak, and to ascertain whether there is an effect of acorn feeding over time. In addition, potential contribution of both parameters to the energy budget of the animal was calculated. The following two sampling periods were conducted with six gilts: after 1 day (I) and after 1 week (II) of acorn feeding. Postprandial PDV HP was 29% greater (P < 0.01) in Sampling period II than in Sampling period I, but net PDV flux of VFA was only slightly greater (5%, P > 0.1). Potential proportional contribution of VFA to the whole HP was almost identical in both sampling periods (0.057, on average), representing 0.109 (on average) of the metabolisable energy requirements for maintenance. Pigs adapted for 1 week to an acorn diet had increased PDV HP without an increase in the net PDV flux of VFA, indicating that, apparently, nutrients other than VFA were responsible for the increased PDV HP.

scholarly journals Absorption and metabolism of volatile fatty acids by rumen and omasum

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Luiz Pratti Daniel ◽  
João Chrysostomo de Resende Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Diffusion Chamber ◽  
Serosal Side ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Mucosal Side ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Fractional Absorption

Volatile fatty acids (VFA) absorption and metabolic capacity of rumen and omasum were compared, in vitro. Fragments of rumen wall and omasum laminae were taken from eight adult crossbred bovines. An isolated fragment of the mucosa was fitted in a tissue diffusion chamber. Valeric acid and CrEDTA were added to ruminal fluid and placed on the mucosal side and buffer solution was placed on the serosal side. Fractional absorption rates were measured by exponential VFA:Cr ratio decay over time. Metabolism rate was determined as the difference between VFA absorbed and VFA which appeared on the serosal side over time. Mitotic index was higher in omasum (0.52%) than in rumen epithelium (0.28%). VFA fractional absorption rate was higher in omasum (4.6%/h.cm²) than in rumen (0.4%/h.cm²). Acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate showed similar fractional absorption rates in both fragments. Percentage of metabolized acetate and propionate was lower than butyrate and valerate in both stomach compartments. In the rumen, individual VFA metabolism rates were similar (mean of 7.7 , but in the omasum, valerate (90.0 was more metabolized than butyrate (59.6 propionate (69.8 and acetate (51.7 . Correlation between VFA metabolism and mitotic index was positive in the rumen and in the omasum. In conclusion, VFA metabolism and absorption potential per surface of the omasum is higher than that of the rumen. Variations on rumen and omasum absorption capacities occur in the same way, and there are indications that factors capable of stimulating rumen wall proliferation are similarly capable of stimulating omasum walls.

scholarly journals Metabolism of propane-1:2-diol infused into the rumen of sheep

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Clapperton ◽  
J. W. Czerkawski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Total Volatile

1. Propane-1:2-diol (loog/d) was infused through a cannula into the rumen of sheep receiving a ration of hay and dried grass. The concentration of volatile fatty acids, propanediol, lactic acid and of added polyethylene glycol, and the pH of the rumen contents were measured. The energy metabolism of the sheep was also determined.2. Most of the propanediol disappeared from the rumen within 4 h of its infusion. The infusion of propanediol resulted in a 10% decrease in the concentration of total volatile acids; the concentration of acetic acid decreased by about 30%, that of propionic acid increased by up to 60% and there was no change in the concentration of butyric acid.3. The methane production of the sheep decreased by about 9% after the infusion of propanediol and there were increases in the oxgyen consumption, carbon dioxide production and heat production of the animals; each of these increases was equivalent to about 40% of the theoretical value for the complete metabolism of 100 g propanediol.4. It is concluded that, when propanediol is introduced into the rumen, a proportion is metabolized in the rumen and a large proportion is absorbed directly. Our thanks are due to Dr J. H. Moore for helpful discussions, to Mr D. R. Paterson, Mr J. R. McDill and Mr C. E. Park for looking after the animals and to Miss K. M. Graham, Miss A. T. McKay and Mrs C. E. Ramage for performing the analyses.

scholarly journals Efficiency of utilization of volatile fatty acids for maintenance and energy retention by sheep

1979 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. ØRskov ◽  
D. A. Grubb ◽  
J. S. Smith ◽  
A. J. F. Webster ◽  
W. Corrigall
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
N Retention ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Energy Retention

1. Two experiments were conducted with lambs sustained entirely by intragastric infusion of volatile fatty acids (VFA), protein, minerals and vitamins.2. In the first experiment to determine the effects of VFA on nitrogen retention four mixtures of VFA (B, C, D and E) were used containing acetic, propionic and butyric acid in the following molar proportions respectively: 45,45 and 10; 55,35 and 10; 65,25 and 10; 75, 15 and 10.The level of infusion was 836 kJ/live weight0.75 per d and the design was a 4 × 4 Latin square with 14 d periods. There were no significant differences in the N balance between the different mixtures of VFA though mixture B tended to give the highest N retention.3. Thirty-two lambs were used in the second experiment for measurements of heat production in closed- circuit respiration chambers. Six mixtures of VFA were used. These included mixtures B-E from Expt I and in addition two mixtures (A and F) containing acetic, propionic and butyric acid in the following molar proportions respectively: 35, 55 and 10; 85, 5 and 10. The heat production was measured both at 450 and 900 kJ/W0.75 per d, except for mixture F, where it was not possible to achieve a rate of infusion in excess of 675 kJ/W0.75 per d.4. The energy required for maintenance was determined to be 0.45±0.02 MJ/kg live weight0.75 per d regardless of the mixture used.5. The efficiency of utilization for fattening (kf) values for the six mixtures were 0.78, 0.64, 057, 0.61, 0.61 and 0.59 for mixtures A, B, C, D, E and F respectively. Only mixture A was significantly better utilized than the other mixtures. This mixture also gave the most efficient N utilization.6. It is concluded from this evidence that differences in k, for diets normally given to ruminants cannot be attributed to differences in utilization of volatile fatty acids.

The fermentable metabolisable energy in grass silage

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
A T Chamberlaina ◽  
K Seyoum ◽  
D Chapman ◽  
C Piotrowski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
The Uk

The UK metabolisable protein system (AFRC, 1992) requires the measurement of fermentable metabolisable energy (FME) to determine the potential yield of microbial crude protein in the rumen. FME is defined as:The objective of this work was to measure the ME , ether extract and volatile fatty acid components of first cut grass silages to assess the range of FME and non-fermentable fractions and hence the range of fermentabilities (FME:ME).Eighty-four clamp grass silages, predominantly first-cut rye grass, were analysed for modified acid detergent fibre (MADF), individual volatile fatty acids, oil (ether extract) and oven dry matter. ME was predicted from the MADF after correction for oven dry matter. The gross energy of the lactic, acetic, propanoic, butyric and valeric acid were taken to be 15.2, 14.6, 20.8, 24.9, and 28.0 MJ/kg DM, and for the Ether Extract fraction of grass 38.5 MJ/kg DM. The energy content of the volatile fatty acids in the silage were summed and FME was calculated as described above. The fermentability of the silage was the expressed as the proportion of FME to ME.

scholarly journals Determination of volatile fatty acids clearance in intact ruminal digesta

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
João Chrysostomo de Resende ◽  
João Luiz Pratti Daniel ◽  
André Rodrigues da Cunha Barreto-Vianna ◽  
Juliano Vogas Peixoto ◽  
Gregório Correia Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Fractional Rate ◽  
Edta Solution ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cr Concentration ◽  
Over Time

Cannulated cows were allocated to a cross-over design to evaluate the technique for determination of volatile fatty acid (VFA) clearance by infusion of marker solution into intact ruminal digesta, and verify the technique sensibility to the variation in the diet. Animals received diet of forage or forage plus concentrate and infusion of valeric acid and Cr-EDTA solution into intact or evacuated ruminal digesta. The total fractional rate of VFA clearance (FRVFAC) was estimated by the exponential decay of valerate over time. The passage FRVFAC to the omasum was assumed as the decay in ruminal Cr concentration and the absorption FRVFAC was estimated by the difference. The total FRVFAC and absorption did not differ between techniques. The passage FRVFAC, however, was lower when the marker solution was added into the evacuated digesta, probably reflecting the destabilization of the rumen environment during the evacuation and the largest volume of fluid observed in animals with evacuated digesta. In conclusion, the infusion of marker solution into intact digesta with homogenization performed by ruminal motility could be usable for the VFA ruminal clearance determination since it seems to cause lesser disturbance in the ruminal environment.

scholarly journals Assessment of fermentation in growing pigs given unmolassed sugar-beet pulp: a stoichiometric approach

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Q. Zhu ◽  
V. R. Fowler ◽  
M. F. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Beet Pulp

In four experiments growing pigs were given a cereal-based diet alone or supplemented with unmolassed sugar-beet pulp (SBP), used as a model substrate for fermentation. The rates of production of methane and gaseous hydrogen were measured and, together with the molar proportions of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the digesta, used in stoichiometric calculations of fermentation. The resulting estimates were only one-sixth of the observed extent of digestion of SBP. Bacteriostatic levels of antibiotics reduced fermentation by more than half, as judged from the digestion of non-starch polysaccharides: allowing for the incomplete suppression of fermentation it was estimated that the production of methane and VFA could account completely for the digested SBP. The potential contribution of various routes of hydrogen disposal to the error of the stoichiometric calculations is discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of level of input of different proportions of volatile fatty acids on energy utilization in growing ruminants

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
N. A. Macleod
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Vitamin Supplement ◽  
Urine Metabolites

Four steers were maintained wholly by intragastric infusion of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and protein, together with a mineral–vitamin supplement. The infusion was given at three levels of energy, namely 450, 675 and 900 kJ/g live weight0·75, calculated to supply energy at 1·0,1·5 or 2·0 times that required for maintenance. The VFA provided 0·837 and the protein 0·163 of the energy infused. The molar proportions of individual VFA were varied so that the infusate contained 0·36–0·91 of acetic acid, 0·56–0·01 of propionic acid and a constant 0·08 of butyric acid. Heat production was measured in respiration chambers. Urine was analysed for N, urea, β-hydroxybutyrate and VFA. Blood plasma was analysed for β-hydroxybutyrate, free fatty acids, insulin and glucose. As the proportion of acetic acid was increased, and propionic acid reduced, there was no change in blood or urine metabolites or in heat production until acetic acid exceeded a proportion of about 0·75. At higher proportions β-hydroxybutyrate increased in plasma and urine, blood glucose and insulin tended to fall and urinary N excretion rose. At a proportion of acetic acid of > 0·80, acetate appeared in the urine and at > 0·86 heat production declined. The effect of level of infusion on the molar proportion at which plasma and urine metabolites changed was less clear. There was a tendency for the increase in β-hydroxybutyrate to occur at a slightly lower proportion of acetic acid at the highest level of infusion. It is concluded that differences in heat production that are observed between diets are probably not caused by differences in rumen VFA proportions. The reaction to a highly elevated proportion of acetic acid is to excrete β-hydroxybutyrate and acetate in the urine and so decrease rather than increase heat production. Regardless of level of infusion a metabolic crisis occurred when the proportion of acetic acid was above the levels found in the rumen content of normally-fed animals.

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