Resistance of cattle to cattle tick, Boophilus microplus. I. The development of resistance to experimental infestation

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Hewetson ◽  
JV Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Experimental Infestation ◽  
Boophilus Microplus Ticks

The development of a resistance by cattle to artificial infestations with Boophilus microplus ticks is reported and the sequence of development discussed. There was a regression of adult female ticks becoming replete with infestation (regression y = 2399.41 – 574x ± 54) up to the fourth infestation. The weight of replete female ticks dropped from resistant cattle increased with infestation but this effect is confounded with the effects of climate. The day of modal drop of replete females increased with infestation, which indicated an effect of resistance on modal drop. Egg-laying was not affected by a developing resistance, but the fertility of eggs from female egg-laying ticks was. There was an increase in fertility of eggs laid after the second infestation.

Resistance by cattle to cattle tick, Boophilus microplus. III. The development of resistance to experimental infestations by purebred Sahiwal and Australian Illawarra Shorthorn cattle

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Hewetson
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sahiwal Cattle ◽  
Males And Females

Purebred Sahiwal cattle acquired resistance to Boophilus microplus in a similar manner to crossbred Sahiwal cattle as previously reported. The purebred entire males and females were more resistant than a control group of crossbred steers because they dropped significantly fewer replete ticks than the crossbreds at the third and fourth, but not at the first and second infestations. Adult female ticks dropped by purebred animals were significantly lighter than those dropped by crossbred animals at the fourth infestation only. There was no significant difference in the numbers of eggs laid and hatched from ticks dropped by purebred and crossbred animals. Australian Illawarra Shorthorn steers developed resistance at a second and third infestation which waned at a fourth infestation, but individual steers displayed developing resistance throughout the four infestations. Day of modal drop of replete female ticks appeared to be affected by breed, and developing resistance or season.

Resistance of cattle to cattle tick, Boophilus microplus. II. The inheritance of resistance to experimental infestation

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Hewetson
Keyword(s):  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Female Tick ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Experimental Infestation ◽  
Tick Resistance

Fifty-nine quarter-bred Zebu steers sired by six half-bred Zebu bulls were exposed to four infestations of 40,000 larval ticks at 7–11 week intervals, followed in another 7 weeks by a paddock infestation. All developed a strong resistance to artificial infestations with cattle ticks by the third infestation. There was no sire difference at the first infestation and a zero heritability estimate for tick resistance. At the fourth infestation there was a heritability of 28%, which increased to 42% at the fifth infestation. Female tick weights, egg-laying ability of ticks. and viability of eggs laid appeared to be affected by sires. Heritabilities of these characters are discussed.

Domestic dogs as hosts of the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 854 ◽  
Author(s):  
HMD Hoyte
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Cattle Tick

Larval B. microplus were placed on 36 domestic dogs, about half of which were adults and half were puppies. Ticks matured on the adults only. The yield of adult female ticks was very low and variable (average for all dogs, 0.01%); more time was needed to mature than on cattle, and size and egg production were reduced. Most of the resulting larvae matured successfully when placed on cattle. No ticks matured on the small number of young foxes and dingoes which were tested. It is suggested that the unconsidered presence of dogs represents some risk to the success of campaigns to eradicate this tick.

scholarly journals Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus: expression and characterization of Bm86-CG in Pichia pastoris

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Casquero Cunha ◽  
Renato Andreotti ◽  
Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite
Keyword(s):  
Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
High Antibody ◽  
Western Blot Assay ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Antibody Titers

The cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is responsible for great economic losses. It is mainly controlled chemically, with limitations regarding development of resistance to the chemicals. Vaccines may help control this parasite, thereby reducing tick pesticide use. In this light, we performed subcloning of the gene of the protein Bm86-GC, the homologue protein that currently forms the basis of vaccines (GavacTM and TickGardPLUS) that have been developed against cattle ticks. The subcloning was done in the pPIC9 expression vector, for transformation in the yeast Pichia pastoris. This protein was characterized by expression of the recombinant Mut+ strain, which expressed greater quantities of protein. The expressed protein (rBm86-CG) was recognized in the Western-blot assay using anti-Gavac, anti-TickGard, anti-larval extract and anti-rBm86-CG polyclonal sera. The serum produced in cattle vaccinated with the antigen CG rBm86 presented high antibody titers and recognized the native protein. The rBm86-GC has potential relevance as an immunogen for vaccine formulation against cattle ticks.

scholarly journals Comparative Hemolymph Proteomic and Enzymatic Analyses of Two Strains of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Ticks Resistant and Susceptible to Ixodicides

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Aguilar-Díaz ◽  
M. Esquivel-Velázquez ◽  
R. E. Quiroz-Castañeda ◽  
E. Miranda-Miranda ◽  
R. J. P. Conde-Baeye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Control ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
2D Electrophoresis ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Hemolymph Protein ◽  
Boophilus Microplus Ticks ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
New Strategies

The cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is one of the most harmful ectoparasites affecting bovines worldwide. It represents a major threat to livestock industry due to the economic losses caused and diseases associated with these ticks. The most important tick control strategy has been the use of ixodicides, resulting in chemically resistant tick populations. It is necessary to understand the mechanisms that result in resistance so as to create new strategies increasing the lifespan of ixodicides or finding alternative targets to produce new acaricides. In this paper, in order to obtain an insight into the mechanisms that govern ixodicides resistance, we will compare the hemolymph proteome of two tick R. microplus strains, one susceptible (MJ) and one resistant (SA) to ixodicides, using HPLC and 2D electrophoresis. Significant differences were found in protein content between strains using HPLC. 2D electrophoresis revealed that 68 hemolymph protein spots were common between strains; however, 26 spots were unique to the susceptible strain MJ and 5 to the resistant strain SA. The most distinctive protein spots on the preparative gels were selected for further analyses. Nine protein spots were identified by mass fingerprinting, 
revealing proteins that may have a role in the ixodicides resistance or susceptibility. In this paper, we present the tick hemolymph proteome revealing a set of proteins which suggest a possible role in tick detoxification.

Host resistance to cattle tick (Boophilus microplus) in Brahman (Bos indicus) cattle. II.* The dynamics of resistance in previously unexposed and exposed cattle

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
BM Wagland
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Development Of Resistance

The dynamics of host resistance to Boophilus microplus was investigated in previously unexposed and exposed Brahmans, and in previously unexposed Shorthorn cattle. The animals were infested each day with 1000 larvae, and the development of resistance was monitored by counting the number of female ticks which engorged. The previously unexposed cattle showed an initial period of susceptibility (phase I) which was followed by a period in which most animals developed degrees of resistance (phase II), and which stabilized in some animals (phase III). The duration of phase I was shorter in Brahmans, and they developed higher levels of resistance (phase III). In contrast, previously cxposed Brahmans manifested phase III levels of resistance immediately on infestation. The results provide further evidence that resistance to B. microplus in Brahmans, as well as in European breeds, is acquired rather than innate. __________________ *Part I, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 26: 1073 (1975).

scholarly journals Perspectives for the use of plant extracts to control the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lígia Miranda Ferreira Borges ◽  
Lorena Alessandra Dias de Sousa ◽  
Carolina da Silva Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Chemical Composition Of Plants ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance

The evolution of resistance of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus to synthetic acaricides has given rise to the need for new scientific investigations on alternative ways to control this tick. In this regard, various studies on plants have been developed in an attempt to find extracts with acaricidal properties. Evaluations on plant extracts for controlling R. (B.) microplus have grown intensely over the last decade. There are many advantages from using plant extracts: for example, they can be used in organic cattle farming or even replace synthetic acaricides and they are associated with lower environmental and food contamination, slower development of resistance and lower toxicity to animals and humans. In vitro studies on plant extracts have shown promising results, but most of these extracts have not been tested on animals to validate their use. Difficulties in preparing proper formulations, differences in the chemical composition of plants of the same species due to extrinsic and intrinsic factors and sparse information on active acaricide compounds are hindrances that need to be addressed in order to enable progress within this scientific field.

The management of acaricide resistance in the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) (Acari: Ixodidae), in Australia

1979 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Sutherst ◽  
H. N. Comins
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Acaricide Resistance ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
High Concentrations

AbstractAn analysis, using mathematical models, is presented of the ecological, genetic and economic factors that determine the optimal strategies for the long-term use of chemical control of Boophilus microplus (Can.) on cattle. As an illustration, the control of the tick in south-eastern Queensland is considered, but the approach is readily applicable in any other geographical area. It is suggested that optimal strategies take into account the need to delay the development of resistance to acaricides. The suggested strategies involve the use of tick-resistant Zebu-type cattle as a basis for tick control. High concentrations of acaricides are recommended to reduce seleotion of resistant ticks. Careful timing and moderation in the use of acaricides is also recommended to minimise the number of occasions on which resistant ticks are subjected to selection at times when they can successfully reproduce. As the spread of resistance is thought to occur primarily on moving cattle and before resistance is evident, stringent quarantine measures may slow down the spread.

Ecological studies of the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus, in the north coast district of New South Wales

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
RN McCulloch ◽  
IJ Lewis
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Tick Population ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales

During the years 1962–1965, engorged female ticks (Boophilus microplus (Canestrini)) were exposed at frequent intervals at diverse sites in northern New South Wales, and egg laying, egg development, and the survival of larval populations observed and recorded. Ticks were also exposed in Stevenson screens (in humidified containers), where temperature could be measured. From the results the following conclusions are drawn: (1) The maximum longevity of the non-parasitic stages of the cattle tick in Australia would be 7½ months. An earlier record placing the figure at 10½ months is shown almost certainly to be erroneous. The great majority of larvae die within 6 months of the parent leaving its host. (2) In the warmer parts of the Tick Quarantine Area ticks falling in favourable situations may lay viable eggs in any month. Thus winter checks development but does not prevent it. The tick population is at its lowest level in September. (3) The cattle tick could probably survive as a pest as far south as Newcastle. (4) The time of year for the start of an eradication campaign would not be of first importance. For a programme of strategic dipping aiming at economical control, the optimum time for beginning would be early October in the areas most favourable to the tick.

scholarly journals The Production of Cuticle Wax by Engorged Females of the Cattle Tick, Boophilus Microplus (Canestrini)

1969 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-709
Author(s):  
LOIS M. CHERRY
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Female Cattle

Weight of cuticle wax produced by the engorged female cattle tick, Boophihis microplus (Canestrini), and loss of body weight during egg production, have been measured at intervals between dropping from the host and completion of egg laying. 2. Wax increased in weight from 20 to 63 µg. per tick between 6 and 222 hr. after dropping. This increase took place in two stages, with the steepest increase between 6 and 54 hr. and a smaller increase between 78 and 150 hr. 3. Body weight fell by 71% between 6 and 222 hr. The rate of loss was highest during early egg production, reaching its peak on the fourth day after dropping. 4. The most rapid increase in weight of cuticle wax took place before the onset of oviposition. During peak egg production the increase was slight. During the decline of egg production cuticle wax increased slowly in weight. 5. The possible physiological function of the increased wax secretion, and its relation to general metabolic activity, are discussed.

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