Transpiration and The Waxy Bloom in Brassica Oleracea L.

The stomatal and cuticular transpiration rates and quantity of wax per unit area of leaf surface were determined for seven glaucous and non-glaucous sibling lines of B. oleracea. There were no statistically significant differences in the stomatal transpiration rates of the glaucous and non-glaucous lines, but there were highly statistically significant differences between the two classes of lines in terms of cuticular transpiration. Rubbing the surfaces of the leaves to remove lightly adhering wax deposits, such as the waxy bloom, significantly increased the cuticular but not the stomatal transpiration rates of both glaucous and non-glaucous plants. There was no appreciable correlation between the quantity of wax per unit area of leaf surface and the loss of water through cuticular transpiration among either the glaucous or nonglaucous lines. It was concluded that the function of cuticular waxes in limiting cuticular transpiration is a product of the architecture of the deposits and the quantity of wax per unit area of leaf surface.

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Constitution of the surface lipid from the leaves of Brassica oleracea (var. capitata ( Winnigstadt )) - I. Isolation and quantitative fractionation

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.1963.0062 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 158 (973) ◽

pp. 536-543 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Keyword(s):

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Unit Area ◽

Surface Lipid ◽

Chemical Groups

Undamaged cabbage leaves have been subjected to a series of immersions in different solvents. The weight of lipid per unit area of leaf surface has been determined, and the extracts have also been examined by chromatography on films of adsorbent. A representative, uncontaminated sample of the surface lipid can be obtained by immersing the leaves, for 10 s periods, in each of four baths of ether. The surface lipid from the leaves of Brassica oleracea [var. capitata ( Winnigstadt )] has been chromatographically resolved into nine fractions. The proportion of each fraction and the chemical groups it contains have been determined.

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Probing the Molecular Structure and Orientation of the Leaf Surface of Brassica oleracea L. by Polarization Modulation-Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopy

Plant and Cell Physiology ◽

10.1093/pcp/pcz063 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 60 (7) ◽

pp. 1567-1580 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tetsuya Hama ◽

Kousuke Seki ◽

Atsuki Ishibashi ◽

Ayane Miyazaki ◽

Akira Kouchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Absorption Spectroscopy ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Orientational Order ◽

Epicuticular Wax ◽

Attenuated Total Reflection ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Polarization Modulation ◽

Brassica Oleracea L

Abstract The surface of most aerial plant organs is covered with the cuticle, a membrane consisting of a variety of organic compounds, including waxes, cutin (a polyester) and polysaccharides. The cuticle serves as the multifunctional interface between the plant and the environment, and plays a major role in protecting plants against various environmental stress factors. Characterization of the molecular arrangements in the intact cuticle is critical for the fundamental understanding of its physicochemical properties; however, this analysis remains technically challenging. Here, we describe the nondestructive characterization of the intact cuticle of Brassica oleracea L. leaves using polarization modulation-infrared (IR) reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). PM-IRRAS has a probing depth of less than several hundreds of nanometers, and reveals the crystalline structure of the wax covering the cuticle surface (epicuticular wax) and the nonhydrogen-bonding character of cutin. Combined analysis using attenuated total reflection-IR spectra suggested that hemicelluloses xylan and xyloglucan are present in the outer cuticle region close to the epicuticular wax, whereas pectins are dominant in the inner cuticle region (depth of ≤2 μm). PM-IRRAS can also determine the average orientation of the cuticular molecules, as indicated by the positive and negative spectral peaks. This unique advantage reveals the orientational order in the intact cuticle; the hydrocarbon chains of the epicuticular wax and cutin and the backbones of hemicelluloses are oriented perpendicular to the leaf surface. PM-IRRAS is a versatile, informative and easy-to-use technique for studying plant cuticles because it is nondestructive and does not require sample pretreatment and background measurements.

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Tronchuda cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC) leaf free amino acid profile

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0028-1084544 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 74 (09) ◽

Author(s):

BM Silva ◽

AP Oliveira ◽

DM Pereira ◽

C Sousa ◽

RM Seabra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Free Amino Acid ◽

Free Amino ◽

Amino Acid Profile ◽

Tronchuda Cabbage ◽

Brassica Oleracea L

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FEATURES OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF ANCIENT AND MODERN VARIETIES OF WINTER RYE

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2019/6/15-19 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 15-19

Author(s):

A. A. Torop ◽

V. V. Chaykin ◽

E. A. Torop ◽

I. S. Brailova ◽

S. A. Kuzmenko

Keyword(s):

Production Process ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Unit Area ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Total Chlorophyll ◽

Potential Productivity ◽

Productivity Potential

We compared peculiarities of the production process of the older and modern(created 80 years after) sorts of winter rye. It is determined that the specific coenotic productivity of a modern sort is 60.6% higher.This increase is due to higher number of productive sprouts per unit area and higher sprout weight. The coenosis of modern sorts is highly resistant to lodging. The modern sort has a 33.5% higher leaf surface index and a 17.7% higher share of the leaves in the upper tier, differing in their erectile orientation in space. As for the content of total chlorophyll in the dry matter of leaves and vagina, the modern sort is inferior to the older by 30.2%during theearing period, and by 17.5%during the milky-wax ripeness period.As for the content of total chlorophyll in the sowing area, the compared sorts were practically the same, but the ratio between chlorophyll a and c was noticeably different. As for the chlorophyll content in stems, in dry matter and in the area of sowing, the modern sort is inferior by1.5 times and more to the older in both observation terms. The sorts differed in the biomass accumulation and its distribution between the parts during the vegetation period. To establish the ear productivity, the older sort used only the current photosynthesis products.In conditions of an unfavorable growth year, the modern sort used previously accumulated by leaves and re-utilized assimilates. The actual and potential productivity of an ear in a modern sort is higher by 77.4 and 68.0%, respectively, but the degree of its vegetative mass supply is lower by 48.6%.Only due to the higher, by 77.4%, utilization of the mass of the sprout, the modern sort binds a greater number of grains in the ear with a higherseparate mass.Since the sharp increase in the ear productivity potential was not accompanied by the same growth of the sprout vegetative mass, the modern sort, in unfavorable conditions for growth, has tensions in the relation system between the sprout vegetative mass and pouring grain. This may be the reason of the unstable achievedyield level.

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Pengaruh teknik pengolahan terhadap kandungan beta-karoten pada brokoli (Brassica oleracea L.)

Ilmu Gizi Indonesia ◽

10.35842/ilgi.v2i2.108 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 133

Author(s):

Mario Febrianus Helan Sani ◽

Setyowati Setyowati ◽

Sri Kadaryati

Keyword(s):

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Brassica Oleracea L

Latar Belakang: Beta-karoten merupakan salah satu isomer karoten yang bisa ditemukan pada sayuran berwarna hijau tua atau kuning tua (seperti wortel dan brokoli). Brokoli merupakan sayuran yang memiliki kandungan beta-karoten yang cukup tinggi, yaitu 623 IU/100 gram. Namun, proses pengolahan brokoli menjadi hidangan dapat menurunkan kandungan beta-karotennya. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh teknik pengolahan terhadap kandungan beta-karoten pada brokoli. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah observational di laboratorium. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak sederhana dengan dua kali pengulangan dan satu unit percobaan. Teknik pengolahan yang dilakukan adalah merebus, mengukus, dan menumis. Brokoli mentah digunakan sebagai kontrol. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Februari–Maret 2017. Analisis kadar beta-karoten dilakukan di Laboratorium Chem-mix Pratama Yogyakarta dengan metode spektrofotometri. Hasil: Kadar beta-karoten tertinggi terdapat pada brokoli mentah diikuti dengan brokoli yang ditumis, dikukus dan direbus. Persen penurunan kadar beta-karoten yang direbus, dikukus dan ditumis dibandingkan dengan brokoli mentah masing-masing sebesar 45,87%, 33,52% dan 22,25%. Ada penurunan kadar beta-karoten yang signifikan setelah direbus, ditumis, maupun dikukus dibandingkan dengan brokoli segar (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Kadar beta-karoten pada brokoli mengalami penurunan setelah dilakukan pengolahan dengan cara direbus, dikukus, dan ditumis. Merebus mengakibatkan penurunan kadar betakaroten terbanyak dibandingkan dengan kedua proses lainnya.

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