Soil pH and aluminium and their spatial variation in Western Australian acidic soils

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Dolling ◽  
WM Porter ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Surface Soil Ph

Thirty-eight sites on acid soils (pH<5.5, 1:5 in water) in the medium rainfall region of Western Australia were sampled to examine spatial variation in soil pH and 0.01 mol/L CaCl2-extractable aluminium. We also examined the relationship between (i) the A1 and A2 horizon soil pH, (ii) the A1 and A2 horizon extractable aluminium, (iii) surface and subsurface soil pH and (iv) surface soil and subsurface soil-extractable Al. Soil at each site generally had a light-textured layer overlying a clay layer at varying depths (30-70 cm) and was classified as either Dy 5.21 or Dy 5.41 (Northcote 1979). Over 80% of the sites had surface soil pH values 4.8 or lower and extractable aluminium concentrations 2 �g/g or higher. There was a very poor correlation (r2 = 0.21) between the A1 horizon soil aluminium extracted in 0.01 mol/L CaCl2 and the pH measured in 0.01 mol/L CaCl2 over 1 ha sites. The relationship was slightly improved in the A2 horizon (r2 = 0.49). The coefficients of variation of soil pH varied from 1.2 to 5.1%, while the coefficients of variation for CaCl2-extractable aluminium varied from 10 to 50%. At many of the sites, low pH values and high aluminium concentrations extended down to 35-45 cm. At the B horizon the pH values generally increased and the aluminium concentrations decreased. The surface soil pH and extractable aluminium were not good indicators (r2 = 0.09-0.60) of the subsurface soil pH and extractable aluminium.

WATER-SOLUBLE AND EXCHANGEABLE ALUMINUM IN ACID SOILS AS AFFECTED BY LIMING AND FERTILIZATION

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. MacLeod ◽  
L. P. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Exchangeable Aluminum ◽  
High Fertilization ◽  
Surface Soil Ph ◽  
Representative Samples

The concentration of water-soluble and exchangeable aluminum was determined in the 0–15-, 15–23-, 23–30- and 30–45-cm depths of a Podzol limed to provide surface soil pH values ranging from 4.5 to 7.2. Both soluble and exchangeable Al decreased with increasing soil pH. Soluble Al ranged from 5.7 ppm at pH 4.4 with high fertilization to 0.3 ppm at pH 6.5 with similar fertilization. Increasing the rate of fertilization at pH 4.5 raised the soluble Al from 2.6 to 5.7 ppm. Fertilization still doubled the soluble Al in soil at pH 5.1 but had little effect as the pH was raised further to 5.8 and 6.5. Soluble Al in the subsoil samples was less than in surface soil samples at the same pH, while with exchangeable Al, the concentration was greater in the subsoil than in the surface soil samples.There was not a direct relationship between pH and soluble Al, although the highest soluble Al concentrations occurred at lowest soil pH levels. Analyses of 30 representative samples of surface soil taken from farmers' fields showed that the soluble Al concentration at pH 4.0 ranged from 3.5 to 4.8 ppm, while at a pH of 5.0 it ranged from 0.2 to 2.8 ppm. The concentrations of soluble Al in many of these soils exceeded the levels previously shown by nutrient solution experiments to severely restrict growth of legumes and some varieties of barley.

The pH of Puerto Rican Soils Used for Principal Crops

1969 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-119
Author(s):  
George Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Root Crop ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Acid Range

The pH values of the soils of Puerto Rico were determined with the following results: 1. About 80 percent of the soils were acid (below pH 7) and 50 percent were below pH 6, which was acid enough to require liming. 2. Most of the soils planted to bananas were pH 6 and above. 3. The pH range for brushland was wide, extending from acid to alkaline. 4. Eighty percent of the soils of the coconut plantations were above pH 6. 5. Coffee soils, in general, were acid, with 63 percent below pH 6, of which 49 percent were in the range pH 5.0 to 5.9 and 13 percent in the very acid range of pH 4.0 to 4.9. 6. The pH of soils planted to corn varied widely. 7. The small cotton acreage had a pH range of 5.0 to 5.9. 8. The soils planted to grapefruit had 57 percent of their acreage at pH 4.0 to 4.9 and 29 percent in the range pH 5.0 to 5.9. 9. The natural pastures had 75 percent of their soil at pH below 6, whereas improved and rotational pastures had only 39 percent below pH 6. 10. Pineapples were planted in acid soils, 75 percent of which were below pH 6. 11. The majority, 68 percent, of the plantains were grown in acid soils below pH 6. 12. Root-crop soils had a systematic distribution throughout the range of pH from below 4 to above 8. 13. Most soils used for soilage (cut grass) had a pH above 6. 14. Eighty-one percent of the sugarcane acreage was found to be in the range of pH 5 to 8. About 36 percent of the cane acreage was below pH 5.5 and in need of liming. 15. Tobacco was grown primarily on acid soils, with 61 percent of its acreage on those below pH 6. 16. No vegetables were found in soils with a pH below 5, and 50 percent were planted in soils with a pH above 6. 17. The pH range for woodland soil was distributed rather evenly from a pH 5 to 7.9. 18. The average pH and range of pH of the soils of Puerto Rico are presented, by soil series, and several examples are given of the relationship between soil pH and soil series.

scholarly journals Spatial variation features description of soil available P, K, Mg and soil pH by proportional effect

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Brodský ◽  
J. Száková ◽  
M. Bazalová ◽  
V. Penížek
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Available P ◽  
Relationship Strength ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Field Fluctuations ◽  
Proportional Effect ◽  
The Relationship

This paper investigates the proportional effect of selected soil properties &ndash; low spatial variation changes are related to their local magnitudes (here standard deviation vs. mean). Content of available P, K, and Mg, and soil pH were analysed on nine agricultural fields of the&nbsp;Xzech Republic. Firstly, strong direct within-field proportional effect based on Moving Window Statistics (MWS) was found for soil P and K, while Mg did not exhibit any clear proportionality. Soil pH showed indication of inverse proportional effect with high field-to-field fluctuations. The relationship strength of the effect was functionally related to the asymmetry (skewness) of distribution (r = 0.31 &times; skew 0.08). Secondly, between-field proportional effect of 9 surveyed fields, as a&nbsp;measure at different scale, showed generally parallel results with the MWS approach. Proportionality is therefore not scale dependent. However, slopes of linear relationships were different for the two scales. Finally, models for prediction of proportional variogram parameters were calculated. Correlation coefficients of relationship between semivariance parameters and mean proved that sill-nugget is more stable (r = 0.74 for P and 0.83 for K) than nugget (r = 0.30 for P and 0.53 for K).

The effect of soil pH on potassium intensity and release of non-exchangeable potassium to ryegrass

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Islam ◽  
J. Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Small Constant ◽  
Activity Ratios ◽  
Exchangeable Form

Ryegrass was used to remove potassium from two acid soils limed to different pH values. Most non-exchangeable potassium was removed from the unlimed soils (pH 4·5) but differences in removal between pH 5·5 and 7·0 were small. Air-drying the soils after cropping released further potassium into the exchangeable form in amounts independent of soil pH.Equilibrium potassium activity ratios (ARK) after each out declined to small constant values characteristic of the soils. A sandy soil (Woburn) initially contained less exchangeable potassium than a soil with more clay (Sawyers), but after a few crops, ARK, % K in the grass and K uptakes per cut were larger from Woburn soil, showing that non-exchangeable potassium was being released faster than in the other soil.

Potassium reserves in British soils. I. The Rothamsted Classical Experiments

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Talibudeen ◽  
S. K. Dey
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Buffer Capacities ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThirty-four soils from the Rothamsted Experiments were exhaustively cropped with ryegrass in the glasshouse. The concentration and yield of potassium in ryegrass tops and the potassium intensity in the soil were measured every 4 weeks, after harvesting the grass.The change in K-intensity of soils, rich in potassium, with exhaustion differed from that of ‘poor’ soils. This change was related to the rate of change of the cumulative K-yield. The rate of change of soil K-intensity demarcated periods of intense and limited exhaustion and partial recovery of the soil during cropping.The cumulative K-yield of ryegrass was very significantly related to the K-intensity of the uncropped soil; the ‘16-week’ yield was slightly better related than the ‘60-week’ yield. For Park Grass soils, the relationship was improved by allowing for variations in soil pH.The K-intensity of all soils, with or without manuring, decreased to nearly 10-3 (M)½ in (AR)0 units after 16 weeks cropping, although large differences in K-yield persisted until much later.K-buffer capacity per unit clay content of the soil, measured by a laboratory method, was inversely related to the K-intensity of the uncropped soil. The K-buffer capacities of soils rich in potassium, measured in laboratory and glasshouse experiments, were significantly related, but were unrelated for ‘poor’ soils. The K-buffer capacity (laboratory method) of Rothamsted soils with different manurial treatments was only very approximately related to the cumulative K-yield.Less K was taken up from all Rothamsted soils given nitrogen fertilizer in the field and their K intensities were also smaller than the corresponding soils without ‘N’. Field liming of acid soils decreased their K-intensity and increased their K-buffer capacity, presumably because more potassium was removed by the field crop.A rapid method is suggested for measuring potassium intensities of soils.

Soil pH is a major determinant of the numbers of naturally occurring Rhizobium meliloti in non-cultivated soils in central New South Wales

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Brockwell ◽  
A Pilka ◽  
RA Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Dominant Soil ◽  
The Relationship

Measurements were made of soil pH, frequency of occurrence of annual species of Medicago (medics) and populations of Rhizobium meliloti at 84 sites on 7 dominant soil groups of the Macquarie region of central-western New South Wales. Over all sites, soil pH (0-10 cm; 1:5 soil: water) ranged from 5.26 to 8.07, medic frequency from 0 to 100% and most probable numbers of R. meliloti from undetectable to 675 000/g soil. There was a highly significant (P<0.001) relationship between soil pH and number of R. meliloti. Above pH 7.0, the mean soil population of R. meliloti was 89000/g; below pH 6.0, it was 37/g. Medics occurred most frequently on the more alkaline soils and with least frequency on the more acid soils, but the relationship between soil pH and medic frequency was weaker than between pH and R. meliloti number. Medics were more tolerant of low soil pH than their rhizobia were; at 2 sites, of pH 5.49 and 5.35, medics occurred at 100% frequency but R. meliloti was undetected. There was an indication of some acidification in these soils over a period of 35 years but this remains to be confirmed.

Effect of plant residue return on the development of surface soil pH gradients

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. I. Paul ◽  
A. S. Black ◽  
M. K. Conyers
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Ph Gradients ◽  
Surface Soil Ph

scholarly journals Some negative chemical properties of acid soils

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miodrag Jakovljevic ◽  
Mirjana Kresovic ◽  
Srdjan Blagojevic ◽  
Svetlana Antic-Mladenovic
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Strong Inhibition ◽  
Brown Forest Soil ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Inhibition Of Nitrification ◽  
Influence Of Ph

Some important chemical properties of various samples of two types of acid soil from Western Serbia (pseudogley and brown forest) are presented in this paper. Mobile Al was found in elevated and toxic quantities (10?30 mg/100 g) in the more acid samples of pseudogley soil. All samples of brown forest soil were very acid and the quantities of mobile Al were in the range from 12.8 to 90.0 mg/100 g. In a selected number of pseudogley soils, the influence of pH and other soil properties on the mineralization and nitrification processes was investigated. Strong inhibition of nitrification at low soil pH was found to be related to high quantities of mobile Al. At pH values less than 4.0 (in 1 M KCl), processes of chemical nitrification and denitrification of applied nitrites were registered in the pseudogley soils. .

Surface soil-pH map of Queensland

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Ahern ◽  
MMG Weinand ◽  
RF Isbell
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Surface Soil Ph

Surface soil pH can influence biological activity, nutrition and various chemical processes in the soil. Low pH or acidity is causing major concern in southern Australia, prompting requests for details on the extent, severity and distribution of acidic soils in Queensland. By creating a soil pH database, using an appropriate base map, rainfall isohyets and GIS technology, a coloured pH map of surface soils was produced at a 1:5000000 scale for the entire State. As most samples were from virgin or little disturbed sites, the map generally reflects naturally occurring soil pH. Developed horticultural, agricultural and fertilized pastoral areas are likely to have lower pH than that mapped. About two thirds (63.1%) of Queensland's soils have acidic surfaces, 9.5% neutral and the remaining 26.9% are alkaline. The major proportion (74%) of the > 1200 mm rainfall zone is strongly acid, and the remainder is medium acid or acid. Much of the sugar growing areas occur in this zone. Surface soil pH generally decreases as rainfall increases and to a lesser extent from subtropical to tropical climate. In addition to climate, identification of the soil type assists with predicting pH, as the organic, coarse and medium textured soils and massive earths are more likely to be acid and have low buffering capacity. Depending on the land use, such soils may require regular liming or minimizing of net acidifying practices for long term sustainability.

Emergence of Medicago tribuloides on moderately acid soils

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Kleinig
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Ph Effect ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Viable Seeds

Field establishment of Medicago tribuloides Desr. on moderately acid, light textured soils varied from 98% to less than 10% of untreated viable seeds sown. Seed and seedling mortality occurred mainly in the pre-emergence stage. Where emergence was poor, under conditions of low temperature or high soil moisture, or both, considerable improvement resulted from using a seed fungicide or a soil fumigant, or coating seeds with alkaline inorganic materials, of which calcium carbonate was the most effective. Under adverse conditions of temperature and rainfall, improved emergence occurred at higher soil pH values. The results indicate that pathogenic soil organisms caused pre-emergence seed and seedling mortality, and that temperature, rainfall, soil pH, and seed coating (through its pH effect) influenced pathogen activity or the susceptibility of the seedling to pathogenic attack.

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