Responses of woody Cerrado species to rising atmospheric CO2 concentration and water stress: gains and losses

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Paulo Souza ◽  
Nayara M. J. Melo ◽  
Eduardo G. Pereira ◽  
Alessandro D. Halfeld ◽  
Ingrid N. Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 Concentration

The rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) has been accompanied by changes in other environmental factors of global climate change, such as drought. Tracking the early growth of plants under changing conditions can determine their ecophysiological adjustments and the consequences for ecosystem functions. This study investigated long-term ecophysiological responses in three woody Cerrado species: Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex Hayne, Solanum lycocarpum A. St.-Hil. and Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. and Hook. f. ex S. Moore, grown under ambient and elevated [CO2]. Plants were grown for 515 days at ambient (430 mg dm–3) or elevated [CO2] (700 mg dm–3). Some plants were also subjected to water stress to investigate the synergy between atmospheric [CO2] and soil water availability, and its effect on plant growth. All three species showed an increase in maximum net photosynthesis (PN) and chlorophyll index under high [CO2]. Transpiration decreased in some species under high [CO2] despite daily watering and a corresponding increase in water use efficiency was observed. Plants grown under elevated [CO2] and watered daily had greater leaf area and total biomass production than plants under water stress and ambient [CO2]. The high chlorophyll and PN in cerrado plants grown under elevated [CO2] are an investment in light use and capture and higher Rubisco carboxylation rate, respectively. The elevated [CO2] had a positive influence on biomass accumulation in the cerrado species we studied, as predicted for plants under high [CO2]. So, even with water stress, Cerrado species under elevated [CO2] had better growth.

scholarly journals The sensitivity of stand-scale photosynthesis and transpiration to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration and climate

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kruijt ◽  
C. Barton ◽  
A. Rey ◽  
P. G. Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 Concentration ◽  
Needle Longevity

Abstract. The 3-dimensional forest model MAESTRO was used to simulate daily and annual photosynthesis and transpiration fluxes of forest stands and the sensitivity of these fluxes to potential changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]), temperature, water stress and phenology. The effects of possible feed-backs from increased leaf area and limitations to leaf nutrition were simulated by imposing changes in leaf area and nitrogen content. Two different tree species were considered: Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr., a conifer with long needle longevity and large leaf area, and Betula pendula Roth., a broad-leaved deciduous species with an open canopy and small leaf area. Canopy photosynthetic production in trees was predicted to increase with atmospheric [CO2] and length of the growing season and to decrease with increased water stress. Associated increases in leaf area increased production further only in the B. pendula canopy, where the original leaf area was relatively small. Assumed limitations in N uptake affected B. pendula more than P. sitchensis. The effect of increased temperature was shown to depend on leaf area and nitrogen content. The different sensitivities of the two species were related to their very different canopy structure. Increased [CO2] reduced transpiration, but larger leaf area, early leaf growth, and higher temperature all led to increased water use. These effects were limited by feedbacks from soil water stress. The simulations suggest that, with the projected climate change, there is some increase in stand annual `water use efficiency', but the actual water losses to the atmosphere may not always decrease.

Does atmospheric CO2 concentration influence soil nitrifying bacteria and their activity?

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman Bowatte ◽  
R. Andrew Carran ◽  
Paul C. D. Newton ◽  
Phil Theobald
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Soil Nitrification ◽  
Nitrification Activity ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 Concentration

Ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB) are important soil microorganisms that carry out the first step in nitrification, the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite. In this paper we investigated the impact of long-term elevated CO2 on soil nitrification and soil AOB community composition. Soil samples were taken from Hakanoa natural CO2 springs, Kamo, Northland, New Zealand. This site has been exposed to elevated CO2 for several decades. Soils were collected from different points near to CO2-emitting vents where the CO2 concentration at canopy height had been characterised. Nitrification activity was measured using a short-term nitrification assay, and AOB community composition was characterised using polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). A principal component analysis of the DGGE banding pattern was carried out to identify the effect of CO2 on AOB community composition. Soil nitrification activity was markedly decreased with increasing CO2. The variation in DGGE banding patterns revealed differences in the composition of the soil AOB community that were related to CO2 concentration. Principal component analysis showed that the changes in community composition and nitrifying activity were linked and that these changes were related to atmospheric CO2 concentration.

scholarly journals The influence of vegetation dynamics on anthropogenic climate change

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Port ◽  
V. Brovkin ◽  
M. Claussen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Vegetation Dynamics ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 Concentration ◽  
Global Mean

Abstract. In this study, vegetation–climate and vegetation–carbon cycle interactions during anthropogenic climate change are assessed by using the Earth System Model of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI ESM) that includes vegetation dynamics and an interactive carbon cycle. We assume anthropogenic CO2 emissions according to the RCP 8.5 scenario in the time period from 1850 to 2120. For the time after 2120, we assume zero emissions to evaluate the response of the stabilising Earth System by 2300. Our results suggest that vegetation dynamics have a considerable influence on the changing global and regional climate. In the simulations, global mean tree cover extends by 2300 due to increased atmospheric CO2 concentration and global warming. Thus, land carbon uptake is higher and atmospheric CO2 concentration is lower by about 40 ppm when considering dynamic vegetation compared to the static pre-industrial vegetation cover. The reduced atmospheric CO2 concentration is equivalent to a lower global mean temperature. Moreover, biogeophysical effects of vegetation cover shifts influence the climate on a regional scale. Expanded tree cover in the northern high latitudes results in a reduced albedo and additional warming. In the Amazon region, declined tree cover causes a regional warming due to reduced evapotranspiration. As a net effect, vegetation dynamics have a slight attenuating effect on global climate change as the global climate cools by 0.22 K due to natural vegetation cover shifts in 2300.

scholarly journals Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentration Improved C4 Xero-Halophyte Kochia prostrata Physiological Performance under Saline Conditions

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Zulfira Rakhmankulova ◽  
Elena Shuyskaya ◽  
Kristina Toderich ◽  
Pavel Voronin
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Elevated Co2 Concentration ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 Concentration

A significant increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration and associated climate aridization and soil salinity are factors affecting the growth, development, productivity, and stress responses of plants. In this study, the effect of ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (800 ppm) CO2 concentrations were evaluated on the C4 xero-halophyte Kochia prostrata treated with moderate salinity (200 mM NaCl) and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced osmotic stress. Our results indicated that plants grown at elevated CO2 concentration had different responses to osmotic stress and salinity. The synergistic effect of elevated CO2 and osmotic stress increased proline accumulation, but elevated CO2 did not mitigate the negative effects of osmotic stress on dark respiration intensity and photosystem II (PSII) efficiency. This indicates a stressful state, which is accompanied by a decrease in the efficiency of light reactions of photosynthesis and significant dissipative respiratory losses, thereby resulting in growth inhibition. Plants grown at elevated CO2 concentration and salinity showed high Na+ and proline contents, high water-use efficiency and time required to reach the maximum P700 oxidation level (PSI), and low dark respiration. Maintaining stable water balance, the efficient functioning of cyclic transport of PSI, and the reduction of dissipation costs contributed to an increase in dry shoot biomass (2-fold, compared with salinity at 400 ppm CO2). The obtained experimental data and PCA showed that elevated CO2 concentration improved the physiological parameters of K. prostrata under salinity.

scholarly journals Growth Efficiency of Greengram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) Under Elevated Carbondioxide Condition

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-73
Author(s):  
Tarique Aziz ◽  
Ranjan Das ◽  
Sangita Das
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
C3 Plants ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Agricultural Crop

The CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is rising and anticipated to be doubled by the end of the current century. Agricultural crop production is one of the key sectors that might be affected by rising atmospheric CO2 through its effect on photosynthetic rates and thus productivity. It was reported that C3 plants respond to elevated CO2 by modification of morpho-physiological traits. The crop selected for the present study was Green gram (Vigna radiate L. Wilczek). Though it is an important crop, the availability of pulses has declined. So, a study of the plant responses to high atmospheric CO2 is important since it regulates productivity and quality. Moreover information about genotypic variation of crops under elevated CO2 is lacking in legumes. The general aim of the study is test whether Green gram can adapt to such a change and to explore mechanisms underlining the adaptive response. Six genotypes of green gram used in the study were SML1827, SML832, SML1831, PM1533, Pusa M-19-31, and Pant M-5. Three different levels of CO2 concentration namely 390ppm, 600 ppm and 750ppm under open top chambers along with an ambient concentration were maintained to assess the response of growth, physiological and yield parameters. The purpose of Open Top Chamber was to study the response of plants in high CO2 environment with precise control and regulation of desired CO2, temperature and humidity. The results obtained for this experiment showed that elevated CO2 has a positive effect on crop growth and development. Results indicated that 600ppm CO2 enhanced some growth parameters viz. leaf area, number of branches per plant, number of effective root nodules and total biomass of plant which ultimately influenced the yield. Under 750 ppm CO2, An opposite trend was recorded where yield was significantly reduced. Genotypes like Pant M-5, Pusa M-19-31 could be considered as better genotypes when grown under elevated levels of CO2 as they have better N acquisition capability because of greater nodule formation in addition to biomass accumulation. Therefore, such genotypes may be utilized as future breeding materials for adaptation to the changed climatic condition.

scholarly journals The influence of vegetation dynamics on anthropogenic climate change

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Port ◽  
V. Brovkin ◽  
M. Claussen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Vegetation Dynamics ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 Concentration ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Global Mean

Abstract. In this study, vegetation-climate and vegetation-carbon cycle interactions during anthropogenic climate change are assessed by using the Earth System Model MPI ESM including a module for vegetation dynamics. We assume anthropogenic CO2 emissions according to the RCP 8.5 scenario in the period from 1850 to 2120 and shut them down afterwards to evaluate the equilibrium response of the Earth System by 2300. Our results suggest that vegetation dynamics have a considerable influence on the changing global and regional climate. In the simulations, global mean tree cover extends by 2300 due to increased atmospheric CO2 concentration and global warming. Thus, land carbon uptake is higher and atmospheric CO2 concentration is lower by about 40 ppm when considering dynamic vegetation compared to a static pre-industrial vegetation cover. The reduced atmospheric CO2 concentration is equivalent to a lower global mean temperature. Moreover, biogeophysical effects of vegetation cover shifts influence the climate on a regional scale. Expanded tree cover in the northern high latitudes results in a reduced albedo and additional warming. In the Amazon region, declined tree cover causes a higher temperature as evapotranspiration is reduced. In total, we find that vegetation dynamics have a slight attenuating effect on global climate change as the global climate cools by 0.22 K in 2300 due to natural vegetation cover shifts.

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