The effects of temperature on larval size in the western king prawn, Penaeus (Melicertus) latisulcatus Kishinouye, from Spencer Gulf, South Australia: implications for fishery management

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 976 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Rodgers ◽  
S. D. Roberts ◽  
C. D. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Larval Size ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
Antenna Length ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Time Of Year

Temperature, salinity and food availability are generally considered to have the most influence on larval growth and survival in penaeid species. Larval size has previously been used as a measure of animal quality in a range of crustacean species. The aim of this project was to investigate the effects of temperature (17°C, 20°C, 22.5°C and 25°C) on stage-specific larval size in Penaeus latisulcatus collected from the Spencer Gulf, in South Australia. Five different measurements of larval size were assessed: body length, body width, antenna length, carapace length and abdomen length. Results showed that larval growth rate was dependant on temperature, with growth rate greater at higher temperatures. Despite this, larvae reared at 20°C reached the largest size, while those at the temperature extremes (17°C and 25°C) were smallest. When considering average annual temperature, the spawning time that would most likely maximise larval size in the Spencer Gulf is approximately December. This coincides with current management arrangements for the fishery that protect the spawning biomass at this time of year.

Larval growth in three sympatric Ambystoma salamander species: species differences and the effects of temperature

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1043-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Hubert Keen ◽  
Joseph Travis ◽  
John Juilianna
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Predator Avoidance ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Ambystoma Tigrinum ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Behavioral Mechanisms ◽  
Salamander Species

Differences in the larval growth of three Ambystoma salamander species that breed in close proximity to each other in space and time in north Florida were investigated under standardized regimes of controlled food levels and temperature. The order of species growth rates was as follows: Ambystoma tigrinum > A. talpoideum > A. opacum. This order is exactly the reverse of the order in which the species breed. Growth of A. talpoideum larvae was strongly dependent on temperature, whereas A. opacum larval growth was only weakly affected by temperature. Based on these growth rate differences, it is unlikely that A. talpoideum larvae could survive to metamorphosis without special behavioral mechanisms for predator avoidance in habitats with the rapidly growing predatory A. tigrinum larvae. Furthermore, A. opacum larvae would be favored in their growth over those of A. talpoideum at low temperature, while the reverse would be true at higher temperature.

scholarly journals Recovery of Anastomosis Groups of Rhizoctonia solani from Different Latitudinal Positions and Influence of Temperatures on Their Growth and Survival

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 817-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Harikrishnan ◽  
X. B. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Anastomosis Group ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Over Time

Multinucleate Rhizoctonia solani isolates were recovered from soybean fields from five locations at a range of latitudes from 33 to 46°N. Out of 143 multinucleate isolates recovered, 51 isolates were anastomosis group (AG)-1 (35.6%), 9 were AG-2-2 (6.2%), 40 were AG-4 (28%), and 15 were AG-5 (10.6%). The remaining 28 isolates (19.6%) failed to anastomose with any of the testers (AG-1, 2-2, 4, or 5). Among the four AGs, AG-1 was found mainly in the more southern latitudes in contrast to AG-2-2, which was found mostly in the more northern latitudes. AG-4 and AG-5 were distributed across all latitudes. Effects of temperature on growth, sclerotia production (range from 5 to 30°C with 5° increments), and saprophytic survival using infested straw (range from -10 to 30°C with 10° increments) were studied with representative isolates from AG-1, AG-2-2, AG-4, and AG-5 isolated from different locations. Results indicate differential effects of temperature on growth rate and sclerotia production among the isolates within each AG. Optimum temperature for growth rate of all isolates tested from the different AGs was between 25 and 30°C; whereas, for sclerotia production, it was 25°C. Isolates from AG-1 had the highest mean sclerotia production. Saprophytic survival of isolates from all AGs tested declined linearly over time and with decrease in temperature in the survival study. Saprophytic survival of all isolates irrespective of AG collected from the southernmost location was lower at low temperatures than that of isolates collected from higher latitudes. Our results suggest temperature dependent response among isolates within different AGs of R. solani.

scholarly journals Effects of stocking density on the growth and breeding performance of broodfish and larval growth and survival of shol, Channa striatus (Bloch)

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
MFA Mollah ◽  
MSA Mamun ◽  
MN Sarowar ◽  
A Roy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Breeding Performance ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Channa Striatus ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Wooden Frame

Two experiments were conducted with a view to assessing the effects of stocking densities on the growth and breeding performance and larval growth and survival of Channa striatus. The first one was carried out with a view to find a suitable stocking density of Channa striatus at which they could spawn while the second experiment dealt with the effect of stocking density on growth and survival of the produced larvae. The first experiment was carried out in nine equal-sized chambers of raceway separated by netted wooden frame with an area of 1.83 ×1.12m2 each. The effective water depth in each of the raceway chambers was maintained at 1.2m. The broodfish were stocked at 4 (357.22g/m2), 6 (541.78g/m2) and 8 (719.18g/m2) at 1:1 male-female ratio and fed with washed and chopped poultry viscera twice a day and with live silver carp fry twice a week. No significant (P>0.05) difference in weight and specific growth rate was observed among the broodfish reared under different stocking densities during the experimental period of 80 days. The broodfish stocked at a density of 357.22g/m2 and 541.78g/m2 spawned naturally in their respective chambers. The fish stocked at 541.78g/m2 showed the best breeding performance. The second experiment was carried out with 4-5 days old larvae in 9 bowls of 10l capacity divided into three treatments having 20, 40 and 60 larvae each i.e. the stocking density were of 2, 4 and 6 larvae/l respectively. Larvae of treatment I which was stocked with 2 larvae/l showed significantly higher growth rate from the 7th day of the experiment and maintained the same trend up to the end of the experiment (i.e. 21st day) compared to other treatments. Larvae of treatment I also showed significantly higher health condition (13.31±0.69mg/mm) and survival rate (80.00±3.00) compared to those of the other two. Keywords: Stocking density; growth rate; survival rate; breeding performance; Channa striatus. DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v7i2.4756 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(2): 427-432, 2009

scholarly journals Larval Size and Recruitment Mechanisms in Fishes: Toward a Conceptual Framework

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1657-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Miller ◽  
Larry B. Crowder ◽  
James A. Rice ◽  
Elizabeth A. Marschall
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Larval Size ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Fisheries Science ◽  
Risk Of Predation

Understanding the mechanisms controlling recruitment in fishes is a major problem in fisheries science. Although the literature on recruitment mechanisms is large and growing rapidly, it is primarily species specific. There is no conceptual framework to integrate the existing information on larval fish ecology and its relationship to survival and recruitment. In this paper, we propose an integrating framework based on body size. Although all larval fish are small relative to adult fish, total length at hatching differs among species by an order of magnitude. As many of the factors critical to larval survival and growth are size dependent, substantially different expectations arise about which mechanisms might be most important to recruitment success. We examined the evidence for the importance of size to feeding and starvation, to activity and searching ability, and to risk of predation. Regressions based on data from 72 species of marine and freshwater species suggest that body size is an important factor that unifies many of the published observations. A conceptual framework based on body size has the potential to provide a useful integration of the available data on larval growth and survival and a focus for future studies of recruitment dynamics.

scholarly journals Maternally transmitted isotopes and their effects on larval fish: a validation of dual isotopic marks within a meta-analysis context

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danswell Starrs ◽  
Jacqueline T. Davis ◽  
Jodie Schlaefer ◽  
Brendan C. Ebner ◽  
Stephen M. Eggins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Larval Size ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Meta Regression Analysis

Transgenerational marking enables mass-marking of larval fishes via transmission of enriched stable isotopes from mother to offspring, but potential impacts on the resultant progeny are poorly understood. We injected enriched stable isotopes (137Ba and87Sr) into female purple-spotted gudgeon, Mogurnda adspersa, to produce multiple batch markers and examined larval morphology at hatch as well as survival and growth to 31 days posthatch in marked and unmarked offspring. Transgenerational marking had minimal effects on larval growth and survival, whereas body depth at hatch was significantly reduced in marked larvae. A meta-analysis of transgenerational marking effects on larval morphology at hatch and growth rates across multiple fish species found a nonsignificant positive effect of enriched stable barium isotopes on larval morphology at hatch, but a significant negative effect on growth. There were no significant effects of strontium on morphology or growth. Meta-regression analysis revealed that larval size at hatch increased with the dose of injected stable barium isotopes, but this result should be interpreted cautiously. Because of high levels of between-study heterogeneity, we caution against assuming there are no effects of transgenerational marking on fish offspring; any such effects should be validated and incorporated into transgenerational marking studies of fish dispersal.

The influence of larval size, temperature, and components of the functional response to prey density on growth rates of the dragonflies Lestes disjunctus and Coenagrion resolutum (Insecta: Odonata)

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1672-1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rangathilakam Krishnaraj ◽  
Gordon Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Prey Density ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Larval Size

Larval growth of Lestes disjunctus was completed in 70 d in the field, whereas in Coenagrion resolutum it took 10–22 months. This was not simply the result of occupying warmer microhabitats, because L. disjunctus larvae grew faster than C. resolutum at all constant temperatures between 10 and 25 °C in the laboratory. Multiple regression analysis showed that growth rates of both species were positively related to temperature and negatively related to larval size and to the square of temperature. The latter term is necessary to describe the decrease in growth rate at high temperatures. The equation predicted that the growth rate of L. disjunctus reached a maximum at 28.8 °C, whereas that of C. resolutum decreased above 22.4 °C. Small and medium-sized larvae of L. disjunctus ate more prey (Daphnia magna) in 15 min than C. resolutum at all prey densities. In 15-min experiments the attack coefficient for small L. disjunctus larvae was significantly larger than for small C. resolutum larvae and handling time for medium larvae was shorter. Other comparisons had large associated sampling errors, but the trends were the same. These differences may be associated with the relatively longer labia of L. disjunctus and its ability to change hunting methods from ambush to active search.

scholarly journals Effects of floral thermogenesis on pollen function in Asian skunk cabbage Symplocarpus renifolius

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 568-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger S. Seymour ◽  
Yuka Ito ◽  
Yoshihiko Onda ◽  
Kikukatsu Ito
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth Rate ◽  
Skunk Cabbage ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The effects of temperature on pollen germination and pollen tube growth rate were measured in vitro in thermogenic skunk cabbage, Symplocarpus renifolius Schott ex Tzvelev, and related to floral temperatures in the field. This species has physiologically thermoregulatory spadices that maintain temperatures near 23°C, even in sub-freezing air. Tests at 8, 13, 18, 23, 28 and 33°C showed sharp optima at 23°C for both variables, and practically no development at 8°C. Thermogenesis is therefore a requirement for fertilization in early spring. The narrow temperature tolerance is probably related to a long period of evolution in flowers that thermoregulate within a narrow range.

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON RATE AND DURATION OF KERNEL DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION OF MAIZE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. TOLLENAAR ◽  
T. W. BRUULSEMA
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Linear Kernel ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Kernel Growth

The response of rate and duration of kernel dry matter accumulation to temperatures in the range 10–25 °C was studied for two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids grown under controlled-environment conditions. Kernel growth rates during the period of linear kernel growth increased linearly with temperature (b = 0.3 mg kernel−1 d−1 °C−1). Kernel dry weight at physiological maturity varied little among temperature treatments because the increase in kernel growth rate with increase in temperature was associated with a decline in the duration of kernel growth proportional to the increase in kernel growth rate.Key words: Zea mays L, period of linear kernel dry matter accumulation, controlled-environment conditions, kernel growth rate

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