Effects of temperature on growth of the Japanese spiny lobster, Panulirus japonicus (V. Siebold) phyllosomas under laboratory conditions

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Matsuda ◽  
Takashi Yamakawa
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Spiny Lobster ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Panulirus Japonicus ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Daily Growth Increment

The effects of temperature on growth of phyllosomas of the Japanese spiny lobster Panulirus japonicus were investigated. Phyllosomas were individually reared at four temperatures (20°, 22°, 24° and 26°C), and intermoult period and moult increment were monitored. The improved Bêlehrádek’s equation, G = aLb (T–α)c(β–T)d, was used to describe the relationship between growth characters (G: intermoult period, moult increment or daily growth increment), body length (L) and temperature (T), with a and b being constants that change at 17·8 mm body length, c and d being common constants for all sizes, and α and β being the conceptual biological lower and upper critical temperatures, which are variables with body length. The intermoult period increased and the moult increment decreased with decreasing temperature. However, a negative influence on both the intermoult period and the moult increment was observed at 26°C for medium-sized and large phyllosomas. The largest daily growth increment was obtained at 26°C up to 15·0 mm body length, and then at 24°C. This indicates that the optimum temperature for growth decreases from 26° to 24°C at 15·0 mm body length. This optimum temperature for growth seemed to be optimal for survival.

Effects of pH on the early development and growth and otolith microstructure of chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Geen ◽  
J. D. Neilson ◽  
M. Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Acidic Water ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Daily Growth Increment

Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) eggs, alevins, and fry were reared in pH 4.5, 5.0. 5.5, 6.2 (control), and 7.0 water from the eyed stage of development. Survival through hatching was >90% in all instances. Alevin mortality was high at pH 4.5 and 5.0. Fry were more tolerant of low pH than alevins. Growth rates of alevins and fry held at or above pH 5.0 and 4.5, respectively, were not affected by pH, nor did exposure to acidic water retard otolith development or result in their resorption. One otolith daily growth increment was formed every 24 h in alevins and fry irrespective of pH. Widths of otolith daily growth increments decreased when fry were transferred to pH 4.5 water and increased on their return to higher pH indicating changes in growth rate. Transfer of fry from pH 6.2 to pH 5.0 or 5.5 had no effect on increment widths.

GHSIM Developed in Spreadsheet Quattro Pro Simulates the Interactive Greenhouse

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 448c-448
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Hopper
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Population Spread ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Daily Growth Increment

A computer model, GHSIM, was formulated in Quattro Pro spreadsheet format. GHSIM was designed having individual pages calculating simulated activities necessary for greenhouse production. Pages were arranged by alphabetical topics starting with the “Area” used in the greenhouse. Time advanced by 1 day for each 10 s of real time. The time advance in the program can be paused to make setting changes interactively. Pest infestation occurred as probabilities accumulated, and the pest population spread through the greenhouse based on proximity and density of pests. Pest control was simulated by a pesticide application capable of partially reducing populations; repeated applications could effectively eliminate a pest. Crop growth was simulated by iterative acccumulation of biomass using Euler integration of daily plant growth. The daily growth increment was calculated using the first derivative of the Richard's Function. Large pest populations negatively impacted the daily growth increment, and pesticide applicaions would remove the inhibition of growth. Additional features proposed include light and temperature effects on the plant growth rate and accumulated biomass.

Biological and environmental rhythms reflected in molluscan shell growth

1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (S2) ◽  
pp. 64-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Pannella ◽  
Copeland Macclintock
Keyword(s):  
Shell Growth ◽  
Spring Tide ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Daily Increments ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Tridacna Squamosa ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Growth Increment

Tidal cycles are reflected in daily growth-increment sequences in shells of many Recent and fossil mollusks. Living specimens of the bivalve Mercenaria mercenaria were notched at the growing edge of the shell and planted intertidally in Barnstable Harbor, Massachusetts. Shells from two lots, killed at intervals of 368 and 723 days after planting, show the same number of small growth increments as there were days from notching to killing. Superimposed on daily growth record are effects of winter (thin daily increments) and tides (14-day cycles of thick and thin daily increments). Comparison of Barnstable tide record with the first year's growth shows that, for each 14-day cycle, thin daily increments form during neap tides and thicker daily increments form during spring tides. Although tidal patterns are present in subtidal Mercenaria shells, they are rarely as pronounced as in intertidal ones. Spawning patterns differ from winter patterns; they are expressed in the shell by an interruption of regular deposition followed by a series of thin daily increments. Continuous sequences of bidaily patterns, one thick daily increment followed by a relatively thin one, are common in M. mercenaria.The clearest 14-day cycles of deposition were seen in shells of the bivalve Tridacna squamosa. Each daily neap-tide increment is a simple layer consisting of a dark and light zone. Each daily spring-tide increment is a complex layer consisting of two light-dark alternations separated by a depositional break that is more pronounced than the breaks delimiting daily intervals. Preliminary results of growth-increment counts in fossils show a generally decreasing trend of the mean values of days per lunar month toward the Recent. The Pennsylvanian value is 30.07 ± 0.08, a figure that is in general agreement with those of Scrutton (1964), who counted 30.59 days per month on Devonian corals, and Barker (1966), who reported more than 30 days per month in Pennsylvanian bivalves.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature on Anoplophora chinensis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Adult Survival, Reproduction, and Egg Hatch

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody A. Keena ◽  
Paul M. Moore ◽  
Gregg Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) is an invasive species that can damage many tree species in orchard, urban, and forested habitats. Adult survival, reproduction, and egg hatch of A. chinensis from Italy and China are evaluated at eight constant temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 °C) under laboratory conditions. The estimated Tmax for longevity was 42 and 33 °C for females and 42 and 39 °C for males from China and Italy, respectively. The estimated Tmax, Tmin, and optimum temperature for fecundity were 35, 9, and 29 °C, respectively. Females laid eggs at 15–30 °C and eggs hatched at 15–35 °C. Days to first oviposition increased exponentially from 13 days at 30 °C to >300 days near 10 °C. The estimated Tmin for egg hatch was 13 °C, the Tmax at 38 °C, and the optimum 29 °C. Percentage hatch was estimated to be highest at 26 °C and have a Tmax of 31 °C and Tmin of 10 °C. These results indicate that summer temperatures over a wide range of latitudes should support beetle survival and reproduction, but at temperatures ≥35 °C, oviposition ceases, and adult survivorship declines. In addition, females may survive into the fall, but lay fewer eggs that may not hatch. These responses of A. chinensis to temperature can be used for developing phenological models to predict the timing of stages for management or eradication efforts.

Effect of temperature and food ration on the growth and survival of early and mid-stage phyllosomas of the spiny lobster Jasus verreauxi

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme A. Moss ◽  
Lennard J. Tong ◽  
Sarah E. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Spiny Lobster ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Food Ration ◽  
Growth And Survival

Instar 1, 3, 5, and 7 phyllosomas of the spiny lobsterJasus verreauxi were reared individually at one of four temperatures (18, 21, 24, and 27C) and fed low, medium, or high rations of 2- to 3-mm Artemia salina. An increase in the temperature reduced the intermoult period for all instars tested, but only the instar 5 phyllosomas showed any significant differences in postmoult size with temperature; those at 18C were smaller. Phyllosomas reared at 18C ate fewer Artemia each day than did those at the higher temperatures, but instars 3 and 5 at 18C consumed more in total over the intermoult period. Survival for all instars tested was lowest at 18C. Increasing the food rations affected the growth and survival of instar 5 and 7 phyllosomas; those fed at the lower rations took longer to moult and had a smaller growth increment. For all instars tested, the feeding rate and total consumption increased with food ration.

scholarly journals The efficiency enzyme preparation and feed additive cfa 10 use for pigs feeding

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Ogorodnichuk
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Manufacturing Company ◽  
Fattening Pigs ◽  
Active Substances

The three component enzyme preparation produced by Ladyzhyn scientific and manufacturing company «Enzym» was used in our research; this preparation consists of amilosubtylin, protosubtylin and pectinase. The diets balance was achieved by feed additive CFA 10, its recipe was created by Fodder research institute of UAAS and Trypilskyy biochemical plan of Obukhiv district, Kyiv region. He usage of three component enzyme preparation and feed additive CFA 10 with diets with some unbalanced ingredients facilitates increasing average daily growth; it give the possibility to save some deficient feeds without negative influence on slaughter characteristics and internal weight. The feeding of fattening pigs by diets with feed additive CFA 10 aimed to be balanced by some biologically active substances provides the increasing of growth by 19.2% and decreases the feed units charges by 22.7%. The additional usage of three component enzyme preparation with balanced diet by all ingredients does not facilitate the pigs efficiency and does not increase their slaughter qualities.

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