The evolution of improved and simplified superovulation protocols in cattle

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben J. Mapletoft ◽  
Gabriel A. Bó
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Wave Dynamics ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Recent Treatment ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Animal Handling ◽  
On Farm

Superovulation protocols have improved greatly since the early days of bovine embryo transfer when purified gonadotrophins were not available, follicular wave dynamics were unknown physiological phenomena and prostaglandins were not available. Although superstimulatory protocols in cattle are normally initiated mid-cycle, elective control of follicular wave emergence and ovulation have had a great impact on the application of on-farm embryo transfer. However, the most common treatment for the synchronisation of follicular wave emergence involves the use of oestradiol, which cannot be used in many parts of the world. Therefore, the need for alternative treatments has driven recent research. An approach that has shown promise is to initiate follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) treatments at the time of the emergence of the new follicular wave following ovulation induced by gonadotrophin-releasing hormone. Alternatively, it has been shown that it may be possible to ignore follicular wave status and, by extending the treatment protocol, induce subordinate follicles to superovulate. Finally, the short half-life of pituitary FSH necessitates twice-daily treatments, which are time-consuming, stressful and subject to error. Recent treatment protocols have permitted superstimulation with a single FSH treatment or two treatments 48 h apart, reducing the need for animal handling during gonadotrophin treatments.

Use of knowledge regarding LH receptors to improve superstimulatory treatments in cattle

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciro M. Barros ◽  
Ronaldo L. Ereno ◽  
Renato A. L. Simões ◽  
Paulo Fernandes ◽  
José Buratini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
Donor Management ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Embryo Yield ◽  
Animal Handling ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

Embryo transfer is a biotechnology that has been used worldwide to increase the production of offspring from female bovines. Treatments to induce multiple ovulations (superovulation) have evolved from superstimulatory protocols that depended upon detection of oestrus to treatments that synchronise follicle growth and ovulation, allowing for improved donor management and fixed-timed AI (FTAI). The protocols associated with FTAI facilitate animal handling and produce at least as many viably embryos as conventional treatment protocols that required detection of oestrus. Recent knowledge regarding LH receptors (LHR) and follicular development can be applied to improve embryo transfer protocols. In fact, improvements in the superstimulatory treatment called the ‘P-36 protocol’, which include hormones that stimulate LHR, indicate that adjustments related to LHR availability may increase bovine embryo yield compared with conventional protocols based on the detection of oestrus.

Bovine embryo transfer recipient synchronisation and management in tropical environments

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro S. Baruselli ◽  
Roberta M. Ferreira ◽  
Manoel F. Sá Filho ◽  
Luiz F. T. Nasser ◽  
Carlos A. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Animal Handling ◽  
Repeat Breeder

Numerous studies have shown that it is possible to manipulate follicular and luteal dynamics, thereby eliminating the need for oestrus detection in embryo transfer (ET) programmes. Fixed-time ET (FTET) protocols are based on the use of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and prostaglandin (PG) F or progesterone/progestogen (P4)-releasing devices and oestradiol. The FTET protocols increases the proportion of recipients transferred, and therefore pregnancy rates, compared with the use of PGF followed by ET 7 days after oestrus. Furthermore, the addition of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) to the P4 and oestradiol-based FTET protocols results in an even higher proportion of recipients transferred, and thus higher pregnancy rates. The beneficial effect of eCG treatment may be related to increased growth of the dominant follicle and increased plasma P4 concentrations during the subsequent luteal phase. In Bos taurus × Bos indicus recipients, pregnancy rates were positively correlated with the diameter of the corpus luteum (CL) and the number of CL at ET. When repeat-breeder Holstein cows were used as recipients, FTET protocols increased number of recipients transferred and pregnancy rates compared with the traditional PGF-based synchronisation protocols. In conclusion, the use of FTET protocols eliminates the need for the detection of oestrus and results in a greater proportion of recipients transferred and satisfactory pregnancy rates. Thus, FTET optimises the use of recipients, reducing labour and animal handling and facilitating the use of ET.

Treatments for the synchronisation of bovine recipients for fixed-time embryo transfer and improvement of pregnancy rates

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel A. Bó ◽  
Lucas Coelho Peres ◽  
Lucas E. Cutaia ◽  
Danilo Pincinato ◽  
Pietro S. Baruselli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Wave Dynamics ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Embryo Transfer Program ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
On Farm

Although embryo transfer technology has been used commercially in cattle for many years, the inefficiency of oestrus detection, especially in recipients, has limited the widespread application of this technology. The most useful alternative to increase the number of recipients utilised in an embryo transfer program is the use of protocols that allow for embryo transfer without the need for oestrus detection, usually called fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET). Most current FTET protocols are based on progestin-releasing devices combined with oestradiol or GnRH, which control and synchronise follicular wave dynamics and ovulation. Conception rates to a single FTET have been reported to be similar to those after detection of oestrus, but pregnancy rates are higher because these treatments have increased the proportion of recipients that receive an embryo. Recent changes to treatments for FTET, such as the administration of eCG, have resulted in increased pregnancy rates and provide opportunities to make these treatments easier to perform on farm.

New approaches to superovulation and embryo transfer in small ruminants

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Menchaca ◽  
M. Vilariño ◽  
M. Crispo ◽  
T. de Castro ◽  
E. Rubianes
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Embryo Yield ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
New Findings

The present paper reviews the current state of knowledge in multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) technology in small ruminants, focusing on recently reported information. Major new findings are related to follicular wave patterns in small ruminants, the elucidation of follicular dominance and the integration of this information into ovarian superstimulatory treatment protocols. Follicular dynamics determine steroid and gonadotrophin secretion, follicular responses to FSH, ovulatory responses and embryo yield. Protocols that control follicular dominance have been designed to allow the initiation of superstimulation at the beginning of a follicular wave. New approaches consist of (1) synchronisation of ovulation for superstimulation during Wave 1 (i.e. Day 0 protocol), (2) pretreatment with a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist from 10 days prior to FSH treatment to avoid follicular dominance and (3) progesterone–oestradiol cotreatment to synchronise follicle wave emergence. These protocols provide a homogeneous pool of small follicles that are gonadotrophin responsive, enhancing the superovulatory response and embryo yield with a reduction in the incidence of unovulated follicles and early regression of corpora lutea. In addition, the rate of fertilisation failure has been reduced by using an inducer of ovulation (i.e. GnRH) associated with intrauterine insemination. In summary, the application of recently acquired knowledge has resulted in relevant improvements in MOET programmes in small ruminants.

291 SUPEROVULATORY RESPONSE IN BEEF CATTLE TREATED DURING THE FIRST FOLLICULAR WAVE FOLLOWING SYNCHRONIZATION OF OVULATION WITH A PROGESTIN DEVICE AND GnRH

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 242 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Carballo Guerrero ◽  
A. Tríbulo ◽  
R. Tríbulo ◽  
H. Tríbulo ◽  
G. A. Bó
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Group 1

Although we have previously shown that superstimulation during the first follicular wave resulted in a successful response (Carballo Guerrero D et al. 2007 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 20, 226), the protocol required many interventions that could influence its application in the field. Therefore, two studies were designed to simplify the superstimulation treatment protocol. Experiment 1 was designed to determine whether it was necessary to remove the progesterone releasing device during the superstimulation protocol. Angus cows (n = 37) were superstimulated by two treatments in a crossover design. Cows in Group 1 (control) received a progesterone releasing device (Cue-Mate, Bioniche Animal Health, Belleville, ON, Canada) along with 0.150 mg D cloprostenol (PGF, Bioprost-D, Biotay, Argentina) IM, at random stages of the estrous cycle. Five days later, a second PGF was injected and Cue-Mates were removed, followed by GnRH (0.050 mg Lecirelina, Biosin-OV, Biotay) 36 h later; ovulation was expected to occur 30 to 36 h later. On Day 0 (36 h after GnRH) donors received a new Cue-Mate and superstimulation treatment was initiated with a total dose of 400 mg NIH-FSH-P1 of Folltropin-V (FSH, Bioniche Animal Health) in twice daily decreasing doses over 5 days. PGF was injected with the last two FSH injections and Cue-Mates were removed with the last FSH injection. Cows in Group 2 were treated similarly to those in the control group, except that Cue-mate devices were not replaced and remained in place for 13 days (i.e. Cue-mates were removed with the last FSH and PGF injection). All donors received 12.5 mg pLH (Lutropin-V, Bioniche Animal Health) 24 h after Cue-Mate removal and were AI 12 and 24 h later. Embryos were collected 7 days after pLH. Means were compared between groups by Student’s t-test. Superovulatory response and embryo production did not differ between groups. Mean (± SEM) number of ova/embryos collected and transferable embryos were 8.2 ± 1.0 and 4.1 ± 0.6 v. 9.8 ± 0.9 and 5.7 ± 0.7 for Groups 1 and 2, respectively (P > 0.2). Experiment 2 was designed to evaluate the effect of giving FSH for 4 v. 5 days. Simmental (n = 18) and Angus (n = 6) cows were superstimulated by the two treatment protocols in a crossover design. Cows in both groups were treated similarly to those in Group 2 in Experiment 1 (i.e. Cue-Mates were not replaced during treatment). Cows in Group 1 (control) received FSH over 5 days (as in Group 2 of Experiment 1); while those in Group 2 received the same dosage of FSH, but given in twice daily decreasing doses over 4 days (Cue-Mates were removed with the last FSH and PGF injections). Superovulatory response and embryo production did not differ among groups. Mean (± SEM) number of ova/embryos collected and transferable embryos were 13.5 ± 2.4 and 6.6 ± 1.1 v. 12.0 ± 1.9 and 5.8 ± 1.0 for Groups 1 and 2, respectively (P > 0.6). In conclusion, superstimulation of cattle at the time of emergence of the first follicular wave after ovulation results in an acceptable superovulatory response and all treatments evaluated were user-friendly and equally efficient.

73 Use of embryo transfer technology to salvage the germplasm of elite dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) infected with brucellosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
H. A. Abouhefnawy ◽  
N. A. Wani
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Fertile Male ◽  
Group 1

The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of embryo transfer technology to salvage invivo-produced embryos from elite dromedary camels infected with brucellosis without transmission of the pathogen to the recipients or offspring. Ten elite racing champions who tested positive for brucella comprised the experimental group, whereas 3 donors negative for brucella acted as the control. Each donor animal received a combination of 2500IU of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG; Folligon; Intervet), given as a single intramuscular injection on Day 1 of the treatment protocol, and 400mg of pFSH (Folltropin; Bioniche), injected twice daily in declining doses of 2×80mg, 2×60mg, 2×40mg, and 2×20mg over 4 days, also beginning on Day 1. They were mated with a fertile bull on the 11th day after the start of treatment. The donors of the group 1 received a combination of tetracycline, and streptomycin on alternate days for 2 weeks before mating with a fertile male. An injection of 20µg of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (Receptal, Intervet) was given to them immediately after mating to induce ovulation. The embryos were collected by the non-surgical method on Day 7 day after ovulation as per the guidelines published by IETS. All embryos were washed at least 3 times in holding medium supplemented with antibiotics and then transferred individually into the left uterine horn of synchronized recipients. All recipients and calves born were tested for brucellosis every 3 weeks. The data were analysed using a two-sample t-test (Minitab statistical software, Minitab Ltd.). Results are shown in Table 1. No difference was observed in the number of embryos collected per flushing and pregnancies established at Day 60. The proportion of pregnancies reaching term from the total number of embryos transferred and from the pregnancies established on Day 60 did not differ from embryos obtained from brucella-infected and control donors. All recipients tested negative for brucellosis during their gestation and until weaning. All calves born were also negative for brucellosis on birth and until weaning and handing over to clients. In conclusion, this is the first study in camels wherein we have demonstrated that invivo-produced embryos from elite dromedary females infected with brucellosis could be collected and transferred to synchronized recipients without transmitting the pathogen to the recipients or offspring. Table 1. Pregnancies established from invivo-produced embryos collected from elite dromedary camels infected with brucellosis Donor group (N) Total number of flushings No. of embryos collected per flushing (n±s.e.m.) Pregnancies on Day 60 (% mean±s.e.m.) Pregnancies reaching term (% mean±s.e.m.) from: Embryos transferred Pregnancies on Day 60 Brucella (10) 30 5.4±0.6 55.1±2.6 44.4±2.3 83.2±3.6 Control (3) 6 5.3±0.6 65.7±6.3 53.3±6.8 80.9±7.7 P-value 0.969 0.173 0.262 0.797

Follicular wave dynamics after estradiol-17β treatment of heifers with or without a progestogen implant

1994 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1555-1569 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Bo ◽  
G.P. Adams ◽  
R.A. Pierson ◽  
H.E. Tribulo ◽  
M. Caccia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Dynamics ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

Enhancement of maternal recognition of pregnancy with parthenogenetic embryos in bovine embryo transfer

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 1108-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Hirayama ◽  
Satoru Moriyasu ◽  
Soichi Kageyama ◽  
Ken Sawai ◽  
Hitomi Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Maternal Recognition Of Pregnancy ◽  
Parthenogenetic Embryos

scholarly journals Description of on-farm treatment compliance and risk factors for culling in sows

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus R. Campler ◽  
Jeremiah L. Cox ◽  
Heather L. Walker ◽  
Andréia G. Arruda
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Drug Dosage ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Sow Longevity ◽  
Complete Treatment ◽  
On Farm

Abstract Background In commercial pig farming, sick or injured sows are often treated by producers or hired staff. To date, limited quantitative data exists on treatment compliance and the possible effect on sow longevity post-treatment. The objective of the study was to quantify on-farm compliance of treatment selection, frequency, and dosage, as well as to investigate the association between body condition scores (BCS) and other sow-level factors on post-treatment cull risk. Results On-farm treatment records, including culling reason or reason of death up to 6 months post-treatment, production records and sow characteristics were obtained for 134 sows over an 8-week period. Treatment compliance was based on the accuracy of recorded treatments compared to the herd veterinarian’s established treatment guidelines. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models including treatment reason, treatment compliance, BCS, parity, production stage and production metrics, were constructed to investigate associations between those variables and sow culling or death. This study found low compliance for on-farm sow treatment protocols, with only 22.4% (30/134) of the sows receiving correct and complete treatment during the duration of the study. No effect of individual treatment components (drug, dosage, or frequency) on sow culling was observed. A trend for an interaction between treatment compliance and BCS was found, and parity and number of piglets born alive were identified as predictors for sow maintenance in the herd. Conclusions On-farm sow treatment compliance was low, resulting in that approximately 80% of the enrolled sows were not treated according to existing guidelines. Non-compliance of treatment guidelines did not seem to affect the risk of culling in treated sows but may have prolonged any associated pain, recovery time and negatively impacted the sow welfare during that time period.

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