Productivity costs of nonviral sexually transmissible infections among patients who miss work to seek medical care: evidence from claims data

Sexual Health ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwame Owusu-Edusei ◽  
TaNisha M. Roby ◽  
Harrell W. Chesson ◽  
Thomas L. Gift
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Hourly Wage ◽  
Productivity Cost ◽  
Acute Case ◽  
Productivity Costs ◽  
Average Productivity ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
Hourly Wage Rate ◽  
And Control

Background Productivity losses can arise when employees miss work to seek care for sexually transmissible infections (STIs). We estimated the average productivity loss per acute case of four nonviral STIs: chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis and trichomoniasis. Methods: We extracted outpatient claims from 2001–2005 MarketScan databases using International Classification Disease ver. 9 (ICD-9) codes. We linked claims with their absence records in the Health and Productivity Management database by matching enrolee identifiers and the service dates from the claims such that our final data included only those who were absent because they were sick and were diagnosed with an STI on the day of their visit. To ensure that the visit was for the STIs being examined, we restricted the criteria to records with the specified ICD-9 codes only, excluding claims with other codes. We estimated the average number of hours absent and multiplied it by the mean hourly wage rate including benefits ($29.72 in 2011 United States dollars) to estimate the average productivity loss per case. Results: The average productivity losses per case were: $262 for chlamydia, $197 for gonorrhoea, $419 for syphilis and $289 for trichomoniasis. There were no significant differences between males and females. Conclusions: Among those who take sick leave to seek care, productivity losses associated with treating nonviral STIs may be higher than their estimated direct medical costs. These productivity cost estimates can help to quantify the overall STI burden, and inform cost-effectiveness analyses of prevention and control efforts.

The Impact of Hypoglycemia on Productivity Loss and Utility in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Treated with Insulin in Real-World Canadian Practice: Protocol for a Prospective Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronique Lambert-Obry ◽  
Jean-Philippe Lafrance ◽  
Michelle Savoie ◽  
Jean Lachaine
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Real World ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Economic Modeling ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Productivity Cost ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) imposes a significant burden, with its increasing prevalence and life-threatening complications. In patients not achieving glycemic targets on oral antidiabetic drugs, initiation of insulin is recommended. However, a serious concern about insulin is drug-induced hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia is known to affect quality of life and healthcare resource utilization. However, health economics and outcomes research (HEOR) data for economic modeling are limited, particularly in terms of utility values and productivity losses. OBJECTIVE The aim of this real-world prospective study is to assess the impact of hypoglycemia on productivity and utility in insulin-treated T2DM adults from Ontario and Quebec (Canada). METHODS This noninterventional, multicenter, 3-month prospective study will recruit patients from four medical clinics and two endocrinology/diabetes clinics. Patients will be identified using appointment lists, and enrolled through consecutive sampling during routinely scheduled consultations. To be eligible, patients must be ≥18 years of age, diagnosed with T2DM, and treated with insulin. Utility and productivity will be collected using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire and the iMTA Productivity Cost Questionnaire (iPCQ), respectively. Questionnaires will be completed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after recruitment. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) models will be used to investigate productivity losses and utility decrements associated with incident hypoglycemic events while controlling for individual patient characteristics. A total of 500 patients will be enrolled to ensure precision of HEOR estimates. RESULTS This study is designed to fill a gap in the Canadian evidence on the impact of hypoglycemia on HEOR outcomes. More specifically, it will generate productivity and utility inputs for economic modeling in T2DM. CONCLUSIONS Insulin therapies are expensive, and hypoglycemia is a significant component of economic evaluations. Robust HEOR data may help health technology assessment (HTA) agencies in future reimbursement decision making.

Validation of a Migraine Work and Productivity Loss Questionnaire for use in Migraine Studies

Cephalalgia ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Davies ◽  
N Santanello ◽  
W Gerth ◽  
D Lerner ◽  
GA Block
Keyword(s):  
Functional Disability ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Migraine Therapy ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
Open Label Extension ◽  
The Impact

Migraine symptoms and therapy side effects cause significant functional disability that can result in work and productivity losses. Effective, well-tolerated migraine therapy with rapid onset of relief could decrease work and productivity losses. The Migraine Work and Productivity Loss Questionnaire (MWPLQ) evaluates the impact of migraine and migraine therapy on paid work. Data from a randomized, open-label extension study were collected over 3 months. Migraineurs were randomized to either rizatriptan (5HT1B/1D receptor agonist) or their usual migraine therapy. Data were analyzed from 164 patients who experienced at least one work-related migraine. Internal consistency (Cronbach's α) for the work difficulty domains ranged from 0.80 to 0.95. Work loss and work difficulty were moderately correlated ( r=0.39-0.58) with migraine severity and functional ability. Differences were found favoring rizatriptan for absenteeism (1.3 vs 2.4 h), effectiveness at work (62% vs 49%), and difficulty with work-related tasks ( p < 0.01). The MWPLQ demonstrated favorable measurement characteristics in this study and could be an important research tool for future evaluations of migraine-related work disability.

The Impact of Ceta Programs on Components of Participants' Earnings

ILR Review ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine P. Dickinson ◽  
Terry R. Johnson ◽  
Richard W. West
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hourly Wage ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Hourly Wage Rate ◽  
Women's Earnings ◽  
The Impact

This paper provides the first estimates of the net impact of CETA participation on the components of CETA participants' post-program earnings. Employing a sample of 1975 CETA enrollees and comparison groups drawn from the March 1978 CPS using a nearest-neighbor matching technique, the authors estimate statistically significant negative effects on men's earnings and statistically significant positive effects on women's earnings. These results stem partly from the impact of CETA participation on the likelihood of being employed after leaving the program (negative for men, positive for women), but also from a negative impact on hours worked during the year and hourly wage rate for men and a large positive impact on hours worked per week and weeks worked per year for women.

scholarly journals Indirect costs associated with ulcerative colitis: a systematic literature review of real-world data

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joelle Constantin ◽  
Petar Atanasov ◽  
Daniel Wirth ◽  
Andras Borsi
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Sick Leave ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Productivity Costs ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The economic burden of ulcerative colitis (UC), specifically related to indirect costs, is not extensively documented. Understanding and quantifying it is required by health care decision makers. Aim To assess the impact of indirect costs of UC in observation studies. Method A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE®, Embase® and Cochrane Library to capture all relevant publications reporting outcomes on absenteeism, presenteeism and productivity losses in moderate to severe UC. Eligibility criteria for inclusion into the review were established using a predefined PICOS scheme. All costs were adjusted to 2017 currency values (USD dollars, $). Results In total, 18 studies reporting data on indirect costs were included in the analysis. Absenteeism costs were classified into three categories: sick leave, short-term and long-term disability. Most of the studies captured absenteeism costs related specifically to sick leave, which was experienced on average by 10 to 24% patients with UC. Only three studies captured presenteeism costs, as these are difficult to measure, however costs ranged from 1602 $ to 2947 $ per patient year. The proportion of indirect costs accounted for 35% of total UC costs (Total UC costs were defined as the sum of healthcare costs, productivity costs and out-of-pocket costs). Discussion A limited number of studies were identified describing the indirect costs in patients with moderate to severe UC. Insufficient data on different components of costs allowed a limited analysis on the impact of indirect costs in patients with UC. Further studies are needed to gain an understanding of the influence of UC on patients’ functional abilities.

The Impact of a Childhood Cancer Diagnosis on the Children and Siblings’ School Attendance, Performance, and Activities: A Qualitative Descriptive Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Argerie Tsimicalis ◽  
Laurence Genest ◽  
Bonnie Stevens ◽  
Wendy J. Ungar ◽  
Ronald Barr
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Children With Cancer ◽  
Productivity Cost ◽  
Cost Study ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Impact

Families of children with cancer are confronted with unexpected out-of-pocket expenses and productivity costs associated with the diagnosis. One productivity cost that falls on children is the impact of cancer on children’s school attendance, performance, and activities (eg, play, friendships, and socialization). Nested within the Childhood Cancer Cost Study, this qualitative descriptive study used convenience sampling to recruit and interview parents of children newly diagnosed with cancer. Content analysis techniques were used to inductively descriptive the semistructured interview data. Sixty-six parents of 65 children with cancer and of 73 siblings participated. The most commonly reported productivity loss in children with cancer was school absenteeism mainly due to cancer treatment. Children fell behind their classmates academically and lost important social time with peers. A few siblings also fell behind their peers primarily due to limited parental attention. Parents adopted various strategies to lessen the impact of the diagnosis on their children’s school attendance, performance, and activities. Providing parents with additional resources and support may optimize their children’s academic and social reintegration into school.

scholarly journals Productivity losses among people with back pain and among population-based references: a register-based study in Sweden

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e036638
Author(s):  
Filip Gedin ◽  
Kristina Alexanderson ◽  
Niklas Zethraeus ◽  
Korinna Karampampa
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Statistical Classification ◽  
Years Lived With Disability

ObjectiveBack pain is the leading cause for years lived with disability globally and among the main reasons for sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP). The objective of this study was to explore the occurrence of SA and DP and to estimate productivity losses among individuals with back pain compared with among matched population-based references.DesignExplorative prospective cohort study using register microdata.Participants and settingA total of 23 176 people, aged 19–60 years, with a first visit to inpatient or specialised outpatient healthcare for back pain (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems code M54) in 2010 in Sweden and a matched population-based reference group (n=115 880).OutcomesLong-term SA (in SA spells >14 days) and DP and productivity losses, measured in € (2018 prices) by multiplying the SA and DP net days by the societal cost of each such day.ResultsIn the back-pain group, 42% had SA or DP days; in the reference group, the corresponding proportion was 15%. Productivity loss per patient with back pain was €8928 during the 12-month follow-up period; in the reference group, it was €3499 (p<0.0001).ConclusionsSA and DP, leading to excess productivity losses among people with back pain, reflect the challenges these patients are facing to maintain their work capacity. Interventions to promote that individuals with back pain remain in paid work should be a priority in order to address the high costs.

Wages, Hours, and Overtime Premia: Evidence from the British Labor Market

ILR Review ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. F. Bell ◽  
Robert A. Hart
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Wage Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hourly Wage ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Hourly Wage Rate ◽  
Average Hourly Wage ◽  
Wage Earnings

Unlike the United States, Britain has no national laws regulating overtime hour assignment or compensation. Using individual-level data on male non-managerial workers from the 1998 British New Earnings Survey, the authors investigate relationships among the standard hourly wage rate, hourly earnings (including overtime), the overtime premium, and the length of overtime hours. They find that when overtime is accounted for, average hourly wage earnings are fairly uniform across firms in a given industry, because firms paying below-market-level straight-time wages tend to award above-market-level overtime premiums, and, conversely, firms paying above-market-level straight-time wages provide below-market-level overtime premiums.

The Decline of the Piece-Rate System in California Canning: Technological Innovation, Labor Management, and Union Pressure, 1890–1947

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Brown ◽  
Peter Philips
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Hourly Wage ◽  
Historical Case Study ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Incentive Systems ◽  
Rate System ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Piece Rate ◽  
Wage Payment ◽  
Hourly Wage Rate

In the following article, Professors Brown and Philips examine two questions concerning wage payment systems. First, has the prevalence of incentive systems been affected by the rise of the modern corporate enterprise? Second, what has been the effect of institutionalized unionism on the prevalence of incentive systems? Brown and Philips explore these issues through a historical case study of the decline of the piece-rate system in the California canning industry, from which they conclude that in the context of Chandlerian industrial development piece-rate systems tend to give way to more complex incentive and hourly wage-rate systems. They explore this hypothesis further through an examination of historical data on wage payment systems for American manufacturing as a whole.

scholarly journals Validity and Reliability of The Persian Version of Health-Labour Questionnaire in Determination of Productivity Loss Among Injured of Traffic Accidents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Ebrahimipour ◽  
Aliasghar Kiadaliri ◽  
Hamid Heidarian Miri ◽  
Mehdi Yousefi ◽  
Mehdi Ariafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Validity ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Kappa Coefficient ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Road Traffic Injuries ◽  
Persian Version ◽  
Productivity Losses

Background: Health- Labour Questionnaire (SF-HLQ) is a measurement instrument for collecting the quantitative data on the relationship between disease and functional status of individuals of productivity losses related to health problems in individuals with paid or unpaid work. Since road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death for disability in the world. In this regard, we aimed to report on validity and reliability of the Persian version of Health- Labour questionnaire in assessing Productivity losses of the Road Traffic Injuries. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 30 injured of traffic accident referring to hospitals affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences were randomly selected. Samples were evaluated in 2 stages and have been interviewed following 1 month by using the health- labour questionnaire and their loss of productivity was calculated by telephone. Face and content validity was performed by 5 health management and economics specialists and 10 students of Master's Degree of Health Services Management and their opinions were applied.  To determine the content validity of the questionnaire, content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were used, and to determine reliability, Coefficient Correlation Interclass (ICC) for quantitative variables and kappa coefficient of agreement were used to evaluate the reliability of the nominal questions and SPSS 21 software used for data analysis. Results: CVI and CVR were calculated at 0.79- 0.49, Respectively, which is acceptable for this questionnaire. Intra-class Correlation Coefficient and Confidence interval in both lost productivity and lost working day variables were 0.99 (0.98-0.99) and 0.96 (0.93-0.98) respectively. Kappa coefficient of agreement for nominal questions was 0.99. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the translated version of the health-labour questionnaire had presented excellent validity and reliability in assessing productivity loss in traffic incident patients.

scholarly journals Productivity loss and indirect costs in the year following acute coronary events in Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Mach ◽  
Philippe Lyrer ◽  
Roger Hullin ◽  
Bernadetted Dwan ◽  
Cindy Wanger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sick Leave ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
First Year ◽  
Productivity Cost ◽  
Initial Hospitalisation ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Coronary Events ◽  
Lost Work Time ◽  
Productive Time

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is highly prevalent in Switzerland and a leading cause of death. Associated productivity loss and indirect costs have rarely been studied. We investigated these factors in the first year after ACS in 24 Swiss patients (mean (SD) age 56 (8) years, 79% male). Data on patient productivity loss, absenteeism, presenteeism and caregiver assistance, were collected with the Productivity Cost Questionnaire during a routine cardiologist visit 3 to 12 months after hospitalisation for ACS and at least 4 weeks after patients returned to work. To estimate costs, lost hours were converted into 8-hour workdays, pro-rated to 1 year, combined with time off work due to initial hospitalisation and sick leave, and valued at Swiss labour costs. Additional data came from medical records. ACS patients lost on average (SD, range) 79 (81, 0.3–294) workdays; 38 (36, 0.3–153) days due to the initial hospitalisation and sick leave, 37 (75, 0–243) due to absenteeism after patients returned to work, and 4 (11, 0–41) due to presenteeism. Caregivers lost 10 (23, 0–90) additional workdays. The total indirect costs amounted to CHF 43,205 (44,026, 122–148,648); including CHF 18,514 (17,507, 122-74,619) for initial hospitalisation and sick leave and CHF 17,988 (36,394, 122–143,277) and CHF 1,849 (5181, 0–20,158) for absenteeism and presenteeism after patients returned to work, respectively. Costs of caregiver assistance amounted to CHF 4,855 (11,015, 0–43,843). This study showed that ACS patients lost on average 36% of their annual productive time. Caregivers lost an additional 5%. Lost work time was associated with substantial indirect costs that exceeded estimates of direct costs for ACS during 1 year. This suggests that costs and burden could be reduced through better risk reduction management.

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