Seasonal Changes in Digestive Performance of Common Ringtail Possums (Pseudocheirus Peregrinus) Fed Eucalyptus Foliage

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
ID Hume ◽  
RV Bladon ◽  
N Soran
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Positive Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Pseudocheirus Peregrinus ◽  
Matter Energy

Digestive performance of common ringtail possums (Pseudocheirus peregrinus) offered the foliage of Eucalyptus punctata or E. haemastoma was compared in summer and winter. In summer, possums offered E. punctata digested a greater proportion of ingested dry matter, energy, fibre and nitrogen, and remained in positive nitrogen balance, compared with those offered E. haemastoma, which were in slight negative nitrogen balance. In winter, performance on E. punctata was generally similar to that in summer. In contrast, on E. haemastoma in winter, intake of foliage was 24% higher than that of summer foliage and apparent digestibility of energy was 20% higher so that intake of digestible energy was 73% higher, and animals were in strong positive nitrogen balance. Consequently, winter performance measures were nearly all significantly higher on E. haemastoma than on E. punctata. These findings are discussed in terms of me higher nutritive value of young versus mature leaves and the different responses of the two eucalypt species to unusual seasonal conditions. The results demonstrate that seasonal changes in animal performance on eucalypt foliage can be marked, but cannot be used to predict performance in any future year.

EFFECT OF CECECTOMY ON DIGESTIBILITY COEFFICIENTS AND NITROGEN BALANCE IN PONIES

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. SAUER ◽  
T. J. DEVLIN ◽  
R. J. PARKER ◽  
N. E. STANGER ◽  
S. C. STOTHERS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chromic Oxide ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Indicator Method ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Matter Energy

Two balance studies were conducted using intact and cecectomized ponies to compare the utilization of low and high concentrate diets as well as low concentrate diets with and without added urea. In addition, the use of chromic oxide in digestion was evaluated. Apparent digestibility coefficients for dry matter, energy, protein, crude and acid-detergent fiber were consistently lower when the indicator method as opposed to the total collection procedure was employed. With the exception of fat, for which digestibility increased, the digestilities of dry matter, energy, protein, crude and acid-detergent fiber decreased following removal of the cecum. Cecectomy had no effect on nitrogen balance. There were no interactions between the effects of surgery and those of diets. This shows that there was no apparent advantage resulting from cecal fermentation in the utilization of the low concentrate diet. Addition of urea to a low protein, low concentrate diet tended to improve nitrogen balance regardless of cecectomy.

Nutritional evaluation of wheat 1. Effects of preparation on digestibility of dry matter, energy and nitrogen in pigs

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ivan ◽  
L. R. Giles ◽  
A. R. Alimon ◽  
D. J. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Matter Energy ◽  
Plot Design

SUMMARY1. A split-plot design was used to study apparent digestibility of dry matter, gross energy and nitrogen of a whole grain wheat diet and processed (hammermilled, rolled or hammermilled and then steam-pelleted) wheat diets by eight small (33·9 ± 0·1 kg) and eight large (70±1·7 kg) pigs. Metabolizable energy and nitrogen retention were also studied with the small pigs.2. The processed wheat diets were superior to the whole grain wheat diet in all the parameters measured.3. There were no significant differences between the performance of pigs given the differently processed wheat diets.4. Apparent digestibility of dietary components particularly in the whole wheat diet was significantly higher when diets were given to small pigs than when given to large pigs.

Digestion and Nitrogen Metabolism in the Koala, Phascolarctos Cinereus.

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJF Harrop ◽  
R Degabriele
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Digestive Efficiency ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Herbivorous Mammals

The dimensions of different regions of the digestive tract and digestive efficiency were determined in koalas maintained on leaves from the grey gum, Eucalyptus punctata, in summer and winter trials. Intakes of wet and dry matter, and apparent digestibility of dry matter, compared favourably with values reported for various other herbivorous mammals. Seasonal differences were marginal. A low but positive nitrogen balance was generally maintained in both seasons, although the apparent digestibility of nitrogen was lower in winter. This was reflected in the values for dietary and apparent digestible nitrogen intakes required for the maintenance of similar levels of nitrogen equilibrium in summer and winter. Mean nitrogen balances in summer and winter were not significantly different at 0.040 and 0.034 g/kg W*0.75 per day respectively. Daily dietary nitrogen intakes were significantly different, however, at 0.426 and 0.493 g/kg W*0.75 in summer and winter respectively, while the apparent digestible nitrogen intakes were not significantly different at 0.180 and 0.127 g/kg W*0.75 per day respectively. This is discussed in relation to the quality of the food offered. It is concluded that the digestive tract of the koala, presumably aided by the relatively large caecum, is well suited to the fibrous dietary matter on which the animal feeds.

scholarly journals Voluntary Intake and Apparent Digestibility of Artificially Dried Stargrass Fed to Holstein Bull Calves

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-437
Author(s):  
J. A. Yazman ◽  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú ◽  
R. E. McDowell ◽  
P. J. Van Soest ◽  
H. Cestero
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of an artificially dried tropical grass, Cynodon nlemfuensis variety nlemfuensis. was evaluated utilizing Holstein bull calves. Two regrowth ages of grass hays, 30 and 45 days, were fed to two groups of four calves each: 16 and 24 weeks old. The grass hays were analyzed for dry matter and crude protein and for fiber fractions according to Goering and Van Soest. There were no significant differences between means for voluntary intake (g/kg body weight (BW)/day) of the chemical constituents for the four calf-hay groups. However, the trend was for higher intake by the 24-week old calves fed the 30-day hay than by the other three groups. Among the 16- week old calves, there was a higher voluntary intake by those consuming the 45-day hay despite the slightly higher nutritive value of the 30-day hay. When the data were pooled across calf ages, voluntary intake of 30-day hays was greater than for the 45-day ones, although only differences in crude protein intake were significant (P < .05). Pooled across hay ages, voluntary intake by the 24-week old calves was significantly greater (P < .05) than by the 16-week old calves for dry matter and neutral-detergent fiber only, indicating that hay intake was related to reticulo-ruminal capacity. Differences in apparent digestibility were significant (P < .05) only for crude protein with the 24-week old calves fed the 30-day hay, having a greater coefficient of digestibility than the 16- and 24-week old calves fed the 45-day hay. Crude protein digestibility of the 30-day hays (pooled across calf ages) was significantly greater (P < .05) than that of the 45-day hays. Although not significant for all constituents, the values were higher for the 30-day hay than for the 45-day hay (pooled across calf ages) and for the 24- week old calves than for the 16-week old calves (pooled across hay ages).

Seasonal production of Andropogen Gayanus: II. Seasonal changes in digestibility and feed intake

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Haggar ◽  
M. B. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus ◽  
Voluntary Intake

SUMMARYTwenty-seven sheep feeding trials were carried out on freshly cut Andropogon gayanus, fed daily during three wet seasons, 1966–8.In each year, dry-matter voluntary intake and digestibility were highest during the first part of the growing season and declined with advancing maturity of the herbage. However, at the time of ear emergence in early October, there were small increases in voluntary intake of dry-matter and crude protein digestibility, although further decreases followed after mid-October.Determinations of in vitro digestibility indicated that elongating stems during early October were at least as digestible as leaves.Seasonal changes in crude protein digestibility were much greater than changes in dry-matter digestibility; seasonal changes in feed intake were intermediate. Voluntary feed intake was related to dry-matter digestibility.Voluntary feed intake and digestible crude protein were both closely related to the crude protein content of the forage. It was concluded that crude protein is a useful criterion for predicting nutritive value.

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF STEAM-TREATED CORN STOVER

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. I. OJI ◽  
D. N. MOWAT
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Steam Treatment ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Matter Energy

Corn stover, ground through a 1.6-cm screen, was steam-processed at 16.2 kg/cm2 and 205 °C for 15 min. Control and treated stover were evaluated for intake and digestibility of organic constituents with eight wether lambs in a single crossover design. Prior to feeding, water was added to control corn stover to approximate the moisture content of treated stover and to reduce dustiness. Soybean meal was added to both rations and, in addition, urea was added to treated stover to attempt to make up for nitrogen rendered unavailable by treatment. Steam treatment increased (P < 0.05) ADF, ADIN, permanganate lignin and acetic acid. Dry matter intake increased (P < 0.05) by 55% with steam treatment. Treatment also increased (P < 0.05) apparent digestibilities of organic matter, energy, non cell wall contents and cellulose but decreased (P < 0.05) digestibilities of NDF and ADF. The extent of improvement in energy digestibility was limited by heat damage due to processing. Modifications in treatment conditions should reduce this effect.

Nutritional value and diet preference of arboreal lichens and hypogeous fungi for small mammals in the Rocky Mountains

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 851-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Dubay ◽  
G. D. Hayward ◽  
C. Martínez del Rio
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Hypogeous Fungi ◽  
Flying Squirrels ◽  
Positive Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Northern Flying Squirrels

Many small mammals consume lichen and fungi, but southern red-backed voles ( Clethrionomys gapperi (Vigors, 1830)) and northern flying squirrels ( Glaucomys sabrinus (Shaw, 1801)) exhibit strong mycophagy compared with other North American taxa. We analyzed nutrient content of lichen and fungi and observed feeding preferences of voles and flying squirrels to understand the foraging behavior of these mammals and their strategy for surviving on relatively low-quality diets dominated by lichen and fungi. We analyzed nutrient characteristics of 10 hypogeous (fruiting belowground) fungi and four arboreal lichens eaten by red-backed voles and northern flying squirrels in the Rocky Mountains. Hypogeous fungi contained higher nitrogen, lipid, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, ash, potassium, and phosphorous concentrations than arboreal lichens, but lichens were higher in calcium. To assess diet preferences, 10 pairwise feeding trials using four hypogeous fungi and two arboreal lichens were conducted with voles and seven trials using three hypogeous fungi and two lichens were conducted with squirrels. In general, squirrels and voles preferred hypogeous fungi over arboreal lichens. We then calculated dry matter and nitrogen digestibilities for flying squirrels and red-backed voles fed diets of arboreal lichen and hypogeous fungi. Overall mean dry matter digestibilities were ≥70% for all diets. For hypogeous fungi, nitrogen digestibility was 12.3% and 24.9% for squirrels and voles, respectively, suggesting that most nitrogen was indigestible. Animals maintained positive nitrogen balance when fed fungi but were unable to maintain positive nitrogen balance when fed lichens. Maintenance nitrogen requirements for flying squirrels were lower than predicted. Low requirements may allow for increased consumption of lichen in winter, but lichen diets must be supplemented with a source of nitrogen because animals were unable to maintain nitrogen balance when fed lichen alone. Consumption of numerous fungi and lichen taxa is necessary to sustain these animals year-round.

Seasonal changes in intake and digestion of chopped timothy hay (Phleum pratense) by three breeds of sheep

1995 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Iason ◽  
D. A. Sim ◽  
E. Foreman
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Seasonal Difference ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Forage Type ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Do So

SUMMARYThe voluntary food intake (VFI) and apparent digestibility of chopped timothy hay by six Scottish Blackface (BF), Shetland (SH) and Dorset Horn (DH) non-breeding ewes were assessed in summer and winter. In two experiments VFI was higher in summer than in winter but did not differ between the breeds. In Expt 1, the seasonal difference in VFI was greater in BF and SH than in DH ewes and the apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and total nitrogen was consistently higher in all three breeds in summer than in winter. The higher digestibility of DM of the hay in summer than in winter was confirmed in Expt 2, in which the whole tract mean retention time (MRT) of the undigested residues was measured using 103ruthenium-phenanthroline as a marker. The MRT was lower in all three breeds in summer than in winter. In a third experiment, following at least 6 months ad libitum feeding on the hay, for all three breeds the contents of DM and liquid in the reticulorumen were smaller in summer, and the liquid fraction formed a greater proportion in summer than in winter. The results contrast with the expectation that intake and digestibility within a given forage type are negatively correlated. Although an increase in digestibility may facilitate a higher VFI in summer (BF and SH) it does not necessarily do so (DH).

Effect of molasses-urea supplements on digestibility of mature carpet grass (Axonopus affinis) and liveweight change of beef steers

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (70) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
RDH Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Matter Energy

Supplements of dried molasses (500 g) alone or with urea (60 g and 120 g) were given each day to Angus steers fed mature carpet grass (Axonopus affinis) hay in pens. The addition of molasses to the basal diet resulted in increased dry matter intake of the hay (P<0,05) and apparent digestibility of dry matter, energy and nitrogen (P<0.05) and a decrease in liveweight loss (P<0.05). The further addition of either 60 g or 120 g of urea to the diet, however, resulted in no further increases in dry matter intake or apparent digestibility of dry matter or energy although there was an increase in the apparent digestibility of nitrogen with each increment of urea (P< 0.05).

scholarly journals Composition, intakes and apparent digestibility of 3 grass silages offered to horses

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 100-100
Author(s):  
L. Istasse ◽  
C. Van Eenaeme ◽  
J.L. Hornick ◽  
P. Van Calster ◽  
D. Huet
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Ad Libitum

Hay is an usual component of horse diet. Nevertheless, it is suspected to provide some spores causing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Grass silage has been suggested as forage in the diet to overcome the problem. It was therefore of interest to assess the nutritive value of grass silage in horses.Three silages with different dry matter (DM) content were compared. Since horses dislike grass silage with a low DM content, wilted silages only were compared. The first two were first cut grass silages with a low DM content at 427.3 g/kg (LGS) or a medium DM content (661.7 g/kg - MGS). They were compared with a second cut silage from grass grown under very dry conditions (HGS - 787.5 g/kg). The grass was ensiled in square big bales. The 3 silages were offered alone and ad libitum to 4 sport horses in 3 consecutive periods,each silage being offered during one period.

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