scholarly journals Cadmium resistance from Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pI258 cadA gene results from a cadmium-efflux ATPase.

1989 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 3544-3548 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Nucifora ◽  
L. Chu ◽  
T. K. Misra ◽  
S. Silver
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cadmium Resistance ◽  
Cada Gene

scholarly journals Cloning and Expression of cadD, a New Cadmium Resistance Gene of Staphylococcus aureus

1999 ◽  
Vol 181 (13) ◽  
pp. 4071-4075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott S. Crupper ◽  
Veronica Worrell ◽  
George C. Stewart ◽  
John J. Iandolo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Direct Repeats ◽  
Cadmium Resistance ◽  
Significant Similarity ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Level Resistance

ABSTRACT A cadmium resistance gene, designated cadD, has been identified in and cloned from the Staphylococcus aureusplasmid pRW001. The gene is part of a two-component operon which contains the resistance gene cadD and an inactive regulatory gene, cadX*. A high degree of sequence similarity was observed between cadD and thecadB-like gene from S. lugdunensis, but no significant similarity was found with either cadA orcadB from the S. aureus plasmids pI258 and pII147. The positive regulatory gene cadX* is identical tocadX from pLUG10 over a stretch of 78 codons beginning at the N terminus, but it is truncated at this point and inactive. Sequence analysis showed that the cadmium resistance operon resides on a 3,972-bp element that is flanked by direct repeats of IS257. The expression of cadD in S. aureus and Bacillus subtilis resulted in low-level resistance to cadmium; in contrast, cadA andcadB from S. aureus induced higher level resistance. However, when the truncated version ofcadX contained in pRW001 is complemented intrans with cadX from plasmid pLUG10, resistance increased approximately 10-fold suggesting that the cadmium resistance operons from pRW001 and pLUG10 are evolutionarily related. Moreover, the truncated version ofcadX contained in pRW001 is nonfunctional and may have been generated by deletion during recombination to acquire the cadmium resistance element.

scholarly journals Cloning and Occurrence of czrC, a Gene Conferring Cadmium and Zinc Resistance in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC398 Isolates

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 3605-3608 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Cavaco ◽  
H. Hasman ◽  
M. Stegger ◽  
P. S. Andersen ◽  
R. Skov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Cadmium Acetate ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Cadmium Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Zinc Resistance ◽  
Animal Isolates

ABSTRACT We recently reported a phenotypic association between reduced susceptibility to zinc and methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus CC398 isolates from Danish swine (F. M. Aarestrup, L. M. Cavaco, and H. Hasman, Vet. Microbiol. 142:455-457, 2009). The aim of this study was to identify the genetic determinant causing zinc resistance in CC398 and examine its prevalence in isolates of animal and human origin. Based on the sequence of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) element from methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) CC398 strain SO385, a putative metal resistance gene was identified in strain 171 and cloned in S. aureus RN4220. Furthermore, 81 MRSA and 48 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains, isolated from pigs (31 and 28) and from humans (50 and 20) in Denmark, were tested for susceptibility to zinc chloride and for the presence of a putative resistance determinant, czrC, by PCR. The cloning of czrC confirmed that the zinc chloride and cadmium acetate MICs for isogenic constructs carrying this gene were increased compared to those for S. aureus RN4220. No difference in susceptibility to sodium arsenate, copper sulfate, or silver nitrate was observed. Seventy-four percent (n = 23) of the animal isolates and 48% (n = 24) of the human MRSA isolates of CC398 were resistant to zinc chloride and positive for czrC. All 48 MSSA strains from both human and pig origins were found to be susceptible to zinc chloride and negative for czrC. Our findings showed that czrC is encoding zinc and cadmium resistance in CC398 MRSA isolates, and that it is widespread both in humans and animals. Thus, resistance to heavy metals such as zinc and cadmium may play a role in the coselection of methicillin resistance in S. aureus.

scholarly journals Characterization of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Elements from Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Infections in Australian Animals

mSphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate A. Worthing ◽  
Sybille Schwendener ◽  
Vincent Perreten ◽  
Sugiyono Saputra ◽  
Geoffrey W. Coombs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
Cadmium Resistance ◽  
Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Oxacillin Resistance ◽  
Animal Pathogens ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACT We examined the oxacillin resistance phenotype and genomic structure of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements from 77 veterinary methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) isolates. Isolates were characterized by oxacillin broth microdilution, whole-genome sequencing, and bioformatics analysis. Five previously described SCCmec elements, and a sixth novel element, were identified: SCCmec III (also known as II-III), ΨSCCmec57395, and SCCmecNA45 (a SCCmec VII variant), all previously described in MRSP, and SCCmec IVg and SCCmec VT, previously described in both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and MRSP. The sixth element was novel and found among nine geographically clustered isolates. This novel pseudostaphylococcal cassette chromosome (ΨSCCmecKW21) contained a class A mec gene complex but lacked ccr genes. It also harbored heavy metal (cadmium) resistance determinants. The median oxacillin MIC values among ΨSCCmecKW21, SCCmec III, and SCCmec VT isolates were significantly higher than those determined for the SCCmecNA45 VII variant isolates and ΨSCCmec57395 and SCCmec IVg isolates. ΨSCCmecKW21 was found exclusively in sequence type 497 (ST497), an MRSP clone that is locally successful in Victoria, Australia. Future studies are necessary to determine if this clone has disseminated further afield and if ΨSCCmecKW21 has moved into other MRSP lineages or staphylococcal species. IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a significant veterinary pathogen and occasional cause of infections in humans. β-Lactams are an important group of antimicrobials used to treat staphylococcal infections in humans and animals. However, when staphylococci become methicillin resistant via the acquisition of a mobile genetic element called staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), they become resistant to all β-lactams. This study detected a novel SCCmec element among a cluster of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius isolates from animals in Australia. It also detected SCCmec elements in S. pseudintermedius that had high similarity to those identified in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, demonstrating how human and animal pathogens can share the same resistance determinants.

Analysis of the β-lactamase plasmid of borderline methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus: Focus on bla complex genes and cadmium resistance determinants cadD and cadX

Plasmid ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orietta Massidda ◽  
Marina Mingoia ◽  
Daniela Fadda ◽  
Michael B. Whalen ◽  
Maria Pia Montanari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cadmium Resistance ◽  
Resistance Determinants
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