“When you were that little…”

Gesture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Josefina Safar
Keyword(s):  
Video Data ◽  
Yucatec Maya ◽  
Sign Languages ◽  
Linguistic Functions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In this article, I analyse how conventional height-specifier gestures used by speakers of Yucatec Maya become incorporated into Yucatec Maya Sign Languages (YMSLs). Combining video-data from elicitation, narrations, conversations and interviews collected from YMSL signers from four communities as well as from hearing nonsigners from another Yucatec Maya village, I compare form, meaning and distribution of height-specifiers in gesture and sign. Co-speech gestures that depict the height of upright entities – performed with a flat hand, palm facing downwards – come to serve various linguistic functions in YMSLs: a noun for human referents, a verb GROW, a spatial referential device, and an element of name signs. Special attention is paid to how height-specifier gestures fulfil a grammatical purpose as noun-classifiers for human referents in YMSLs. My study demonstrates processes of lexicalisation and grammaticalisation from gesture to sign and discusses the impact of gesture on the emergence of shared sign languages.

Research on behavior recognition based on feature fusion of automatic coder and recurrent neural network

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 8927-8935
Author(s):  
Bing Zheng ◽  
Dawei Yun ◽  
Yan Liang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Recurrent Neural Network ◽  
Behavior Pattern ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Behavior Recognition ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Internet Of Things Technology

Under the impact of COVID-19, research on behavior recognition are highly needed. In this paper, we combine the algorithm of self-adaptive coder and recurrent neural network to realize the research of behavior pattern recognition. At present, most of the research of human behavior recognition is focused on the video data, which is based on the video number. At the same time, due to the complexity of video image data, it is easy to violate personal privacy. With the rapid development of Internet of things technology, it has attracted the attention of a large number of experts and scholars. Researchers have tried to use many machine learning methods, such as random forest, support vector machine and other shallow learning methods, which perform well in the laboratory environment, but there is still a long way to go from practical application. In this paper, a recursive neural network algorithm based on long and short term memory (LSTM) is proposed to realize the recognition of behavior patterns, so as to improve the accuracy of human activity behavior recognition.

Bayesian inference of constitutive parameters from video data of the impact dynamics of a ball

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 1795-1810
Author(s):  
Fernando S. Buezas ◽  
Nicolás Fochesatto ◽  
Marta B. Rosales ◽  
Walter Tuckart
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Impact Dynamics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Constitutive Parameters

COmputer-Mediated Communication: A Test of the Impact of Social Cues on the Choice of Medium for Resolving Misunderstandings

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bolanle Olaniran
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Nonverbal Cues ◽  
Interpersonal Interaction ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
E Mail

As communication technology improves, computer-mediated communication (CMC) increases in use for interpersonal interaction. While there are newer forms of CMC that interface with audio, graphic, and video data, for the most part text-based CMC (i.e., e-mail, IRC, other text chat) remains the most common and frequently used. The increased use of text-based CMC medium is not without its problems, as is the case with any other communication media. Text only CMC lacks the capacity to transmit nonverbal cues. This study explores CMC medium in communication misunderstandings. The findings indicate that although participants acknowledge the lack of nonverbal cues as a source of misunderstandings during interactions, they still express the willingness to use text-based CMC in resolving misunderstandings. This article also provides discussions, implications, and recommendations.

Characterizing Verified Head Impacts in High School Girls’ Lacrosse

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (14) ◽  
pp. 3374-3381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane V. Caswell ◽  
Andrew E. Lincoln ◽  
Hannah Stone ◽  
Patricia Kelshaw ◽  
Margot Putukian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Mastoid Process ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Impact Rate ◽  
Game Situation ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Background: Girls’ high school lacrosse players have higher rates of head and facial injuries than boys. Research indicates that these injuries are caused by stick, player, and ball contacts. Yet, no studies have characterized head impacts in girls’ high school lacrosse. Purpose: To characterize girls’ high school lacrosse game-related impacts by frequency, magnitude, mechanism, player position, and game situation. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Thirty-five female participants (mean age, 16.2 ± 1.2 years; mean height, 1.66 ± 0.05 m; mean weight, 61.2 ± 6.4 kg) volunteered during 28 games in the 2014 and 2015 lacrosse seasons. Participants wore impact sensors affixed to the right mastoid process before each game. All game-related impacts recorded by the sensors were verified using game video. Data were summarized for all verified impacts in terms of frequency, peak linear acceleration (PLA), and peak rotational acceleration (PRA). Descriptive statistics and impact rates were calculated. Results: Fifty-eight verified game-related impacts ≥20 g were recorded (median PLA, 33.8 g; median PRA, 6151.1 rad/s2) during 467 player-games. The impact rate for all game-related verified impacts was 0.12 per athlete-exposure (AE) (95% CI, 0.09-0.16), equivalent to 2.1 impacts per team game, indicating that each athlete suffered fewer than 2 head impacts per season ≥20 g. Of these impacts, 28 (48.3%) were confirmed to directly strike the head, corresponding with an impact rate of 0.05 per AE (95% CI, 0.00-0.10). Overall, midfielders (n = 28, 48.3%) sustained the most impacts, followed by defenders (n = 12, 20.7%), attackers (n = 11, 19.0%), and goalies (n = 7, 12.1%). Goalies demonstrated the highest median PLA and PRA (38.8 g and 8535.0 rad/s2, respectively). The most common impact mechanisms were contact with a stick (n = 25, 43.1%) and a player (n = 17, 29.3%), followed by the ball (n = 7, 12.1%) and the ground (n = 7, 12.1%). One hundred percent of ball impacts occurred to goalies. Most impacts occurred to field players within the attack area of the field (n = 32, 55.2%) or the midfield (n = 18, 31.0%). Most (95%) impacts did not result in a penalty. Conclusion: The incidence of verified head impacts in girls’ high school lacrosse was quite low. Ball to head impacts were associated with the highest impact magnitudes. While stick and body contacts are illegal in girls’ high school lacrosse, rarely did such impacts to the head result in a penalty. The verification of impact mechanisms using video review is critical to collect impact sensor data.

scholarly journals Jay-Z and O.J.: Sport and the Performance of Race in Hip-Hop Music

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-206
Author(s):  
Kellen Jamil Northcutt ◽  
Kayla Henderson ◽  
Kaylee Chicoski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Hip Hop Music ◽  
Jay Z ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study was to understand the symbolic messaging in hip-hop music as it relates to the lived experiences and realities of Black Americans in the United States. The study examined the song and music video titled “The Story of O.J.,” by hip-hop artist Jay-Z to gain a better understanding of how Jay-Z interpreted the impact of Black Americans’ lived experiences in the United States on their identity and ability to progress economically and socially, regardless of social standing, within subcultures such as sport. Employing a content analysis method, data were collected and analyzed using critical race theory. The results of the analysis of lyrical and video data identified three major themes: (a) battle with Blackness, (b) economic enslavement and financial freedom, and (c) systematic subjugation.

scholarly journals Characterization of Instructor and Student Behaviors in CURE and Non-CURE Learning Environments: Impacts on Student Motivation, Science Identity Development, and Perceptions of the Laboratory Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. ar10 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Esparza ◽  
Amy E. Wagler ◽  
Jeffrey T. Olimpo
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Student Motivation ◽  
Undergraduate Research ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Science Identity ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Laboratory Observation ◽  
Correlation Networks ◽  
Interactive Behaviors ◽  
The Impact

Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) serve to increase student access to authentic scientific opportunities. Current evidence within the literature indicates that engagement in CUREs promotes students’ science identity development, science self-efficacy, motivation, and ability to “think like a scientist.” Despite the importance of these findings, few studies have examined the behaviors and interactions occurring within CURE and non-CURE settings and the impact of those behaviors on said student outcomes. To address these concerns, we conducted a mixed-methods study to explore student and instructor behaviors in four CURE and four non-CURE introductory biology laboratory sections. Representative video data were collected in each section and coded using the Laboratory Observation Protocol for Undergraduate STEM. In addition, pre/postsemester affective survey data were obtained from CURE and non-CURE participants. Results indicated that CURE students and instructors engaged in more interactive behaviors (e.g., one-on-one dialogue, questioning) than their non-CURE counterparts, a finding confirmed by analyzing behavioral patterns via construction of partial correlation networks. Multiple regression analyses further revealed that both student and instructor interactive behaviors and enrollment in a CURE were strong predictors of pre/postsemester shifts in student motivation, science identity development, collaboration, and perceived opportunities to make relevant scientific discoveries.

The impact of cross-linguistic variation in gesture on sign language phonology and morphology

Gesture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Nyst
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Linguistic Variation ◽  
Sign Languages ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Related Variation ◽  
Shared Ancestry ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Considerable Body

Abstract A considerable body of literature points at parallels between gestural elements and sign language structures. This raises the question to what extent variation in gesture environment may lead to related variation across sign languages, or, mutatis mutandis, to what extent similarities in gesture environment may lead to similarities across (otherwise unrelated) sign languages. This article will address that question by reviewing a series of studies relating to size and shape specifying (SASS) signs and gestures in signed and spoken languages in West Africa. The review finds that the use of body-based SASS gestures coincides with the use of body-based SASS signs in the sign languages studied, which in turn aligns with (a) restrictions on the number and types of handshapes used in space-based SASS signs, (b) limited use of space-based size depiction in lexical items (Nyst, 2018), and (c) a gap in the repertoire of phonemic handshapes. I conclude that culture-specific patterning in gesture environment may impact on cross-linguistic variation in SASS morphology and handshape phonology. As such, the gestural environment presents an explanation why SLs may be alike or different, in addition to shared ancestry, language contact, and iconicity.

Use of Videos in Teaching and Learning

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Amanda Elizabeth Smith ◽  
Dai O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sign Languages ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Computer Literate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
British Sign

This chapter outlines the experiences of the authors when using video technologies in creating resources for teaching British Sign Language (BSL). The authors outline their own experiences of creating resources for teaching and how the increasing availability of video technology and video hosting websites has impacted on their teaching practice. The chapter outlines some practical stages in creating online video resources for the teaching of sign language, and also how to ensure that less computer literate students can engage with this new technology. The authors conclude with some suggestions about future research directions to measure the impact and effectiveness of such resources and technologies and call other teachers of sign languages to explore the potential of these approaches for themselves.

scholarly journals Ambiguities in sign languages

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Quer ◽  
Markus Steinbach
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Auditory Modality ◽  
Great Length ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
Sign Languages ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

AbstractNatural languages come in two different modalities – the aural-auditory modality of spoken languages and the visual-gestural modality of sign languages. The impact of modality on the grammatical system has been discussed at great length in the last 20 years. By contrast, the impact of modality on semantics in general and on ambiguities in particular has not yet been addressed in detail. In this paper, we deal with different types of ambiguities in sign languages. We discuss typical lexical and structural ambiguities as well as modality-specific aspects such as ambiguities in the use of the signing space and non-manual markers. In addition, we address the questions how sign languages avoid ambiguities and to what extent certain kinds of ambiguities and non-ambiguities depend on the visual-manual modality of sign languages. Since gestures use the same articulatory channel that is also active in the production of signs, we also discuss ambiguities between gestures on the one hand and grammaticalized gestures and signs on the other.

scholarly journals Determining E-Bike Drivers’ Decision-Making Mechanisms during Signal Change Interval Using the Hidden Markov Driving Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Dong ◽  
Jibiao Zhou ◽  
Shuichao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Hidden Markov ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Dilemma Zone ◽  
Driving Model ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

Rapidly increasing e-bike use in China has resulted in new traffic problems including rising accident rates at intersections related to e-bike drivers’ decision-making during multiple signal phases. Traditional one-step decision models (such as GHM) lack randomness and cannot adequately model e-bike drivers’ complex behavior. Therefore, this study used a Hidden Markov Driving Model (HMDM) to analyze e-bike drivers’ decision-making process based on high-resolution trajectory data. Video data were collected at three intersections in Shanghai and processed for use in the HMDM model. Five decision types (pass, stop, stop-pass, pass-stop, and multiple) composed of speed and acceleration/deceleration information were defined and used to analyze the impact of flashing green signals on e-bike drivers’ behavior and decision-making processes. Approximately 40% of drivers made multiple decisions during the flashing green and yellow signal phases, in contrast to the traditional GHM model assumption that drivers only make one decision. Distance from stop-line had the most obvious influence on the number of decisions. The use of flashing green signals nearly eliminated the dilemma zone for e-bike drivers but enlarged the option zone, inducing more stop/pass decisions. HMDM can be applied to improve the accuracy of traffic simulation, the fine design of traffic signals, the stability analysis of traffic control schemes, and so on.

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