scholarly journals The influence of perinatal undernutrition of twin-bearing ewes on milk yields and lamb performance and the effects of postnatal nutrition on live weight gain and carcass composition

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Lawlor ◽  
S. P. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Milk Substitute ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Gain

1. Studies were conducted to measure the influence of perinatal undernutrition of twin-bearing ewes on ewe milk yields and lamb performance in early lactation. Comparative studies were conducted with lambs to measure the effects of postnatal nutrition on lamb performance and carcass composition. The major objective of this work was to determine the extent of the influence of postnatal nutritional deprivation of lambs.2. From 8 weeks prepartum to 4 weeks postpartum each of forty twin-bearing ewes was given daily 0.30 MJ of ME/kg body-weight (W)0.75. Measurements were made of ewe body-weight changes, milk yields during the first 4 weeks of lactation, and of lamb performance.3. There were three postnatal experiments with lambs of ‘light’ and ‘normal’ birth weights, wcaned from the ewes at 72 h. One hundred and four lambs were used and they were individually reared on separate allowances of lamb milk-substitute for 8 weeks. They were subsequently given a lamb concentrate ration. In Expts 1 and 2 the lamb concentrate was fed ad lib. to ‘slaughter’ live weight. In Expt 3 the concentrate was restricted for 8 weeks post weaning and then fed ad lib. A carcass analysis (bone, muscle, fat content) was conducted on all lambs after slaughter. In the first experiment, half the lambs were slaughtered at 8 weeks of age on being weaned off the milk substitute, and a carcass analysis was carried out.4. The mean net body-weight loss per ewe from commencement of late pregnancy to 28 d post partum was 23.8 kg. The over-all mean daily milk yield was 843 g/d. The mean growth rate of the lambs was 97 g/d during the 4-week measurement of ewe milk yields.5. Live weight gain of lambs subjected to restricted milk-substitute allowance (125 g/dry matter (DM) per d) was low, irrespective of lamb birth weight. The average daily gain over the 8-week postnatal period was 86.5 g/d on restricted milk allowance compared with 244 g/d for those fed ad lib. Conversely, the food intake and growth rate of these lambs were almost identical during feeding on ad lib. concentrates. This clearly reflected a response to compensatory food intake which was independent of either birth weight or postnatal milk allowance. The average daily gain of lambs, before weaning, on the restricted milk allowance was very similar to that of the lambs being suckled by ewes subjected to perinatal undernutrition. The effects of postnatal undernutrition of lambs was particularly reflected in the time required to reach ‘slaughter’ live weight. The period of time varied from 117 d for those on ad lib. food intake to 169 d for lambs on restricted food intake.6. The major effect of postnatal undernutrition on carcass composition was evident in the lambs slaughtered at 8 weeks in Expt 1. The percentage carcass fat was 4.7 for those on the low milk allowance. The carcass composition of all lambs at ‘slaughter’ live weight was similar. It would appear that lambs on a restricted milk intake before weaning deposited more fat during the subsequent period of compensatory food intake.7. It is evident from the present results that postnatal growth retardation in lambs reflects either perinatal undernutrition of twin-bearing ewes, or postnatal undernutrition of the lambs due to inadequate milk availability from the dam.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF GROWTH IN THE GOUSES UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE COMBINED PHARMACOPROPHYLACTIC HOMOBIOTICS, PROBIOTICS BASED ON THE RECOMBINANT BASILL AND ENROFLOXACIN STRAIN

2019 ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
G. A. Nozdrin ◽  
N. A. Gotovchikov ◽  
M. S. Yakovleva ◽  
N. S. Yakovleva ◽  
M. B. Lazareva
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Absolute Weight ◽  
Probiotic Preparation ◽  
Daily Gain

The combined effect of homobiotics, probiotics based on recombinant strains of g. Bacillus, & enrofloxacin on the dynamics of body weight gain in geese was studied. According to the principle of steam-analogs, one control and five experimental groups of 10 goslings in each group were formed. Gosyatam experimental groups used homobiotics vetom 15.1; vetom 13.1 incombination with enrofloxacin followed by replacement with a probiotic preparation Vetom 1.2. The absolute body weight and average daily gain in geese under the influence of the studied drugs increases. The severity of the effect depended on the pharmacological composition of the drugs used. The maximum absolute weight gain was observed when using the drugs according to the scheme: vetom 13.1 at doses of 25–50 mg/kg for 16 days, with further use of a 10% enrofloxacin solution at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg for 5 days and in The experiment period was 1.2 at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 days. After the cessation of the use of drugs, the growth rate increased for 30 days when prescribing the drugs according to the scheme: veto 13.1 at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 days and with further introduction of homobiotic veto 1.2 into the bird in a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 days. The maximum average daily gain in live weight of geese was observed in the period from the 16th to the 32nd day with the administration scheme: homobiotic vetom 13.1 at a dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight 1 time per day for 5 consecutive days, then every other day for 16 days, then daily 10 % solution of enrofloxacin at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg of body weight for 5 days, then vetom 1.2 at a dose of 25 mg/kg once a day for 16 days in a row. And the maximum average daily gain in the post using period of the drug was observed on the 32nd day of the study according to the scheme: homobiotic veto 15.1 at a dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight 1 time per day for 16 days, then daily with vetom 1.2 at the same dose 1 once a day for 16 days. The studied drugs in the applied doses did not have a toxic effect on the physiological state of geese.

scholarly journals Effect of rbST on weight gain and fat cover of heifers in semiconfinement

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
B. R. Fonseca ◽  
R. C. A. Berber ◽  
P. S. A. Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on average total weight gain, average daily gain, muscularity and finishing. 24 Nellore heifers were used, up to two years of age and weighing 307.4 kg. The animals were semi-confined in Brachiaria ruziziensis and were supplemented per day, with 1.5% kg live weight per animal feed. Heifers were divided into 2 groups, T1: with the use of rbST and T2: unused rbST (control). The rbST was applied every 14 days at a dose of 500 mg per animal. For the statistical analysis, the results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% significance level. There was no significant difference (p> 0.05) for average initial body weight, average final body weight, total average gain and average daily gain, and ribeye area (REA) adipose tissue thickness. Therefore the use of rbST did not promote change in performance characteristics in Nellore heifers 2 years old.

Effects in bacon pigs of differing levels of nutrition to 20 kg. body weight

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning E. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Daily Gain

Sixteen blocks of eight littermate pigs were weaned at 3 weeks of age and each divided into four groups. Various levels of nutrition were applied to the pigs so that the four groups reached 20 kg. at 59, 68, 80 and 91 days of age, respectively.Only small differences were observed between groups in feed conversion ratio to 20 kg.; however, Group 4 required more feed per kg. gain than the three other groups.During the second period (20–90 kg.) the pigs in each group were divided into two sub-groups, which were on a high and a low plane of nutrition respectively. In both sub-groups the type of feeding before 20 kg. influenced the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio. The older the pigs were at 20 kg. the higher the daily gain and the lower the feed conversion ratio in the following period. There was an increase in daily feed intake with increased age at 20 kg. for pigs fed ad lib. during the second period.An increase in age at 20 kg. caused a significant decrease in thickness of backfat, a greater area of eye muscle and a smaller area of fat overlying muscle. For pigs fed ad lib. the area of eye muscle was significantly increased by a higher age at 20 kg. live-weight.

A comparison of the effects of infection with Eimeria maxima and dietary restriction on weight gain, plasma metabolites and liver glycogen in the immature fowl, Gallus domesticus

Parasitology ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Chapman ◽  
D. L. Fernandes ◽  
T. F. Davison
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Eimeria Maxima

SUMMARYThe effects of Eimeria maxima or restricted pair-feeding on weight gain, plasma concentrations of protein, glucose, free fatty acids (FFA) and uric acid and liver glycogen were compared in immature fowl. Food intake/kg body weight and weight gain decreased during the acute phase of infection (days 5–7) while weight loss was prolonged for an extra day compared with pair-fed birds. During recovery, food intake/kg body weight of infected birds was greater than that of non-infected controls but there was no evidence for an increase in growth rate compared with controls when body weight was considered. Growth rate of pair-fed birds was greater than that of infected birds during recovery, indicating their better use of ingested food. Liver glycogen and plasma protein concentration were decreased during the acute phase of infection but the concentrations of plasma glucose, free fatty acid (FFA) and uric acid were not affected. In pair-fed birds liver glycogen was depleted, concentrations of plasma glucose and uric acid decreased and FFA increased, and these changes persisted for the remainder of the experiment. The findings are similar to those in birds whose food has been withheld and were probably due to the pattern of food intake imposed by the experimental protocol. It is concluded that the metabolic differences between infected and pair-fed birds are of doubtful significance.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF SLAUGHTER’ AGE ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS AND NON-CARCASS COMPONENTS TRAITS OF BERBER BREED LAMBS

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1401-1407
Author(s):  
S. Atroun ◽  
C. Aissaoui ◽  
S. Smeti ◽  
N. Atti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this work was to study the lamb’s growth, the carcass yield and composition and the importance of main organs of Berber lambs slaughtered at 4 or 6 months. The study concerned 40 lambs reared under motherhood. Lambs of the first group were slaughtered at the age of 4 months (4M) and the second at 6 months (6M). Slaughter body weights (BW), hot and cold carcass weights and organs were recorded. The carcass was cut out and dissected. The average BW at birth was 4.14 + 0.506 kg while the BW at slaughter was 22.86 kg + 3.40 and 31.51 + 3.50 kg for 4M and 6M groups, respectively. The average daily gain were 172 and 164g for 4M and 6M groups, respectively. Therefore, during 2months the lambs of 6M group gained 8.67 kg in BW. The carcasses were heavier for 6M than 4M. The carcass commercial yields were 42% and 45% for 4M and 6M groups, respectively, resulting in 4.1 kg gain of meat during 2 months. The tissular (muscle, fat and bone) and the regional (leg, shoulder …) carcass composition did not differ among groups. All organs were heavier for 6M than 4M; however, their proportion in the empty body weight were variables. The BWand carcass gain at six months are encouraging to prolong the lamb’s slaughter age without carcass composition difference given the similar fat proportion in the carcass of both groups.

AGE DYNAMICS OF THE LIVE WEIGHT OF YOUNG YAKS OF THE ALTAI POPULATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
А.И. БАХТУШКИНА ◽  
В.Р. САИТОВ ◽  
М.М. САЛЬНИКОВА
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Daily Gain

Проведено изучение интенсивности роста молодняка яков алтайской популяции, характеризующегося энергичным ростом. Динамика роста молодняка яков изучена путем определения их живой массы в разные возрастные периоды: при рождении, в возрасте 7, 12, 18 мес. По результатам взвешиваний определен абсолютный прирост, абсолютный среднесуточный прирост живой массы, относительная скорость роста. В период от рождения до 7-месячного возраста, который совпал с летним периодом пастбищного сезона, живая масса бычков увеличилась на 131,4 кг, а телок — на 120,2 кг. Интенсивность роста составила соответственно 625,7 и 572,4 г, что свидетельствует о достаточно хорошей молочности маток. В зимний период (возраст молодняка — от 7 до 12 мес) интенсивность роста резко снизилась: живая масса бычков и телочек составила всего 161,3 и 143,7 кг, со среднесуточными приростами — 94 и 58 г соответственно. С началом вегетации пастбищных растений приросты молодняка по сравнению с зимним периодом резко увеличились. В возрасте от 12 до 18 мес они были равны: 476 г — у бычков и 439 г — у телочек. Общий прирост живой массы бычков за этот период составил 86 кг, у телочек — 79 кг. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о достаточно хорошем развитии молодняка яков алтайской популяции. The growth rate of young yaks of the Altai population, characterized by vigorous growth, was investigated. The growth dynamics of young yaks was studied by determining their live weight at different age periods – at birth and at the age of 7, 12, 18 months. According to the weighing results, the absolute gain, the absolute average daily gain in live weight, and the relative growth rate were determined. In the period from birth to 7 months of age, which coincided with the summer months of the pasture season, the live weight of bull calves increased by 131.4, and heifers — by 120.2 kg, i.e., the growth rate was 625.7 and 572.4 g, respectively, which characterizes a fairly good milk yield of cows. In the winter period (age from 7 to 12 months), the growth rate decreased sharply: the live weight of calves and calves was only 161.3 kg and 143.7 kg, with average daily gains of 94 and 58g, respectively. Subsequently, with the beginning of the growing season of pasture plants, the weight gain of young animals in comparison with the winter period increased sharply. At the age of 12 to 18 months they were equal: 476 g-for steers and 439 g-for heifers. The total increase in live weight of calves during this period was 86 kg, of heifers — 79 kg. The data obtained indicate a fairly good development of young yaks of the Altai population.

scholarly journals Animal performance, production, and quality of Tanzania grass fertilized with nitrogen

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 3861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulysses Cecato ◽  
Josmar Almeida Junior ◽  
Fabíola Cristine de Almeida Rego ◽  
Sandra Galbeiro ◽  
Wagner Paris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Gain

This study aimed to assess forage production, animal performance, and the chemical composition of Tanzania grass pasture fertilized with 50, 100, 200, and 400 kg ha-1 of nitrogen. The variables analyzed were: leaf mass, daily accumulation rate, leaf/stem ratio, average daily gain, stocking rate, live weight gain per unit of area crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and in vitro dry matter digestibility of leaves. The pasture management maintained the pasture height at 50 cm by using a continuous grazing method with the adjustment of stocking rate. The experimental design was a randomized block with three replicates. The leaf mass increased linearly in response to nitrogen, with an increase of 1003 kg (34%) observed between a nitrogen content of 50 and 400 kg ha-1. Nitrogen did not affect the average daily gain, but increased the stocking rate and live weight gain ha-1. The value of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber were higher with increased nitrogen levels, whereas the leaf digestibility did not affect nitrogen use. The comparison of 50 and 400 kg ha-1 levels indicated that there was an average increase of 19.2% in the leaf crude protein. The increased application of nitrogen fertilizer in Tanzania grass improved the chemical composition and animal performance; with regard to studied variables, the dose of 200 kg ha-1 resulted in the greatest improvement.

Comparison of 2 growth patterns during the growing period in fattening bulls. 3. slaughter characteristics, carcass composition and meat quality

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 217-217
Author(s):  
A. Clinquart ◽  
C. Van Eenaeme ◽  
T. Van Vooren ◽  
J. Van Hoof ◽  
L. Istasse
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Daily Gain

The degree to which growth patterns are modified after a period of food restriction affects the compositional changes of the carcasses(Carstens et al., 1992), furthermore, the growth rate has a direct effect on the physical properties of meat (Fishell et al., 1985). The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of a severe food restriction at a early stage of maturity on the slaughter characteristics and meat quality of Belgian Blue bulls.Twelve Belgian Blue bulls (dual purpose type) weighing 233 kg were offered two different planes of nutrition during the growing period. Six bulls (Group-) received a restricted diet so that their average daily gain was 0.34 kg/d (Group+) during 202 days. By contrast six other bulls were given a more conventional growing diet and their average daily gain was 1.13 kg/d. Both Groups were fattened with similar diet and slaughtered when the live weight was close to 600 kg. Carcass weight was measured and killing-out proportion calculated, the composition of the carcass was estimated after dissection of ribs 7, 8, 9 removed 48 h post-mortem.

The effects of quantity and distribution of milk substitute on the performance of artificially reared lambs to forty-eight days of age

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Penning ◽  
K. M. Cottrell ◽  
T. T. Treacher
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Milk Substitute ◽  
Daily Allowance ◽  
Daily Gain

SUMMARYTwenty-seven groups of Finnish Landrace × Dorset Horn lambs, each of two males and two females, were offered daily quantities of 180, 248 or 343 g milk substitute dry matter (DM) for 21, 29 or 40 days. The environmental temperature was 18°C during the first 21 days of rearing, and concentrate pellets and clean water were always available. From 22 to 48 days of age the lambs were offered 150 g of hay per week.For lambs offered 180 g milk substitute DM, increasing the number of days before weaning increased the daily live-weight gain over the 47-day experimental period. For daily allowances of 248 and 343 g of milk substitute, greater gains were effected only by delaying weaning from 21 to 29 days.Increasing the daily allowance of milk substitute DM had little effect on the daily gain of lambs weaned after 21 days but increased gain by lambs weaned at 29 days. For lambs weaned after 40 days growth rate was increased only by the first increment of milk substitute DM. Intake of solid food began when the lambs were 3 weeks old and total intake of concentrates was inversely related to total quantity of milk substitute DM consumed and in general was less when weaning was later.The overall efficiency of conversion of total DM consumed to live weight was positively related to total milk substitute DM consumed and tended to be greatest when weaning was later. A daily allowance of 180 g milk substitute DM for 21 days gave the lowest food cost per unit of live-weight gain.The incidence of navel sucking is discussed.

INFLUENCE OF COW SIZE AND OTHER FACTORS ON WEIGHT GAIN OF BEEF CALVES TO 365 DAYS OF AGE

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. JEFFERY ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
The University ◽  
Daily Gain

A study involving three sets of data from the University of Alberta beef breeding herd (1966–67, 176 cows; 1967–68, 167 cows; 1968–70, 285 cows) was conducted to determine the influence of birth weight of calf (BW), postcalving weight of dam (PCW), and breed effect on calf performance to 365 days of age. The influence of preweaning on postweaning performance was also considered. Calves heavier at birth tended to excel in both preweaning and postweaning growth rate. A 1-kg increase in BW resulted in an increase of 2.86–4.42 kg in calf weight at 365 days of age. For male calves, PCW was negatively associated with calf weight at both 180 and 365 days of age for 1966–67 data; however, for 1967–68 and 1968–70 data, a 10-kg increase in PCW resulted in 0.70- and 0.92-kg increases, respectively, in calf weight at 180 days, and 1.96- and 2.12-kg increases in calf weight at 365 days, respectively. For female calves, a 10-kg increase in PCW resulted in 1.40-, 0.88-, and 0.29-kg increases in calf weight at 180 days of age, and 0.68-, 1.31-, and 0.31-kg increases in calf weight at 365 days of age, respectively, for the three sets of data. Breed difference explained from 22 to 43% of the variance in average daily gain of calf to weaning (ADG) but only 0.2–13.8% of the variance in postweaning average daily gain (PWADG). Male calves with higher ADG to weaning or heavier weaning weights tended to have slightly higher PWADG. A 10-kg advantage in weaning weight for male calves resulted in a 12–14-kg advantage in weight at 365 days of age.

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