scholarly journals Immunobiology of mild micronutrient deficiencies

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (S2) ◽  
pp. S75-S80 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bhaskaram
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Immune Homeostasis ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

Nutrition is a critical determinant of the outcome of host microbe interactions through a modulation of the immune response. Besides macronutrient malnutrition, deficiencies of several macronutrients also influence immune homeostasis and thus affect infection-related morbidity and mortality. Deficiencies of micronutrients like vitamin A, iron and zinc are widely prevalent among populations living in developing countries. Besides their severe deficiencies, subclinical deficiencies are known to impair biological functions in the host, immune function being one of them. The effects of these micronutrients on various immune mechanisms are briefly reviewed in this article.

scholarly journals Breeding Progress for Vitamin A, Iron and Zinc Biofortification, Drought Tolerance, and Sweetpotato Virus Disease Resistance in Sweetpotato

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert O. M. Mwanga ◽  
Jolien Swanckaert ◽  
Guilherme da Silva Pereira ◽  
Maria I. Andrade ◽  
Godwill Makunde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Virus Resistance ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Breeding Scheme ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Sweetpotato is a resilient food crop with great potential to contribute to reduced hunger in the world. Sweetpotato shows significant potential to contribute to reducing the Global Hunger Index, which reflects deficiencies in calories and micronutrients based on the components of hunger, undernourishment, under-five mortality rate, stunting and wasting. Its genetic diversity has been harnessed through breeding to increase vitamin A, iron, and zinc content, virus resistance and climate resilience for the world's food needs. Africa and India are the most food-insecure regions. The main objectives of this research were to: provide information and a knowledge base on sweetpotato breeding in Africa for biofortification of vitamin A, iron, and zinc, drought tolerance and virus resistance; recommend procedures for generating new breeding populations and varieties; and develop new tools, technologies and methods for sweetpotato improvement. The research was implemented between 2009 and 2020 in 14 collaborating African countries using introduced and local genotypes. The redesigned accelerated breeding scheme resulted in increased genetic gains for vitamin A, iron, zinc contents and virus resistance, and the release by sub-Saharan African countries of 158 varieties; 98 of them orange-fleshed; 55 varieties bred by an accelerated breeding scheme; 27 drought-tolerant and two with enhanced iron and zinc content. Our experience has demonstrated that through the use of more optimized, standardized and collaborative breeding procedures by breeding programs across Africa, it is possible to speed official sweetpotato variety release and contribute to reducing the severe micronutrient deficiencies on the continent.

scholarly journals The Role of Micronutrients in the Infection and Subsequent Response to Hepatitis C Virus

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Gupta ◽  
Scott A. Read ◽  
Nicholas A. Shackel ◽  
Lionel Hebbard ◽  
Jacob George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Strong Immune Response ◽  
Subsequent Response ◽  
Potent Immune Response

Micronutrient deficiencies develop for a variety of reasons, whether geographic, socioeconomic, nutritional, or as a result of disease pathologies such as chronic viral infection. As micronutrients are essential for a strong immune response, deficiencies can significantly dampen both the innate and the adaptive arms of antiviral immunity. The innate immune response in particular is crucial to protect against hepatitis C virus (HCV), a hepatotropic virus that maintains chronic infection in up to 80% of individuals if left untreated. While many micronutrients are required for HCV replication, an overlapping group of micronutrients are also necessary to enact a potent immune response. As the liver is responsible for the storage and metabolism of many micronutrients, HCV persistence can influence the micronutrients’ steady state to benefit viral persistence both directly and by weakening the antiviral response. This review will focus on common micronutrients such as zinc, iron, copper, selenium, vitamin A, vitamin B12, vitamin D and vitamin E. We will explore their role in the pathogenesis of HCV infection and in the response to antiviral therapy. While chronic hepatitis C virus infection drives deficiencies in micronutrients such as zinc, selenium, vitamin A and B12, it also stimulates copper and iron excess; these micronutrients influence antioxidant, inflammatory and immune responses to HCV.

scholarly journals Spatial Analyses of Specialized Metabolites: The Key to Studying Function in Hosts

mSystems ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa M. Galey ◽  
Laura M. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Chemistry ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Imaging Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Spatial Analyses ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

ABSTRACT Microbial communities contribute to a wide variety of biological functions in hosts and have the ability to specifically influence the health of those organisms through production of specialized metabolites. However, the structures or molecular mechanisms related to health or disease in host-microbe interactions represent a knowledge gap. In order to close this gap, we propose that a combinatory approach, pulling from microbiology and analytical chemistry, be considered to investigate these interactions so as to gain a better understanding of the chemistry being produced. We hypothesize that bacteria alter their chemistry in order to survive and induce specific states in their host organisms. Our lab makes use of imaging mass spectrometry and other analytical techniques to study this chemistry in situ , which provides actionable information to test hypotheses.

scholarly journals Intestinal Host-Microbe Interactions under Physiological and Pathological Conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Bibiloni ◽  
Eduardo J. Schiffrin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Gut Homeostasis ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
Symbiotic Microbiota

The intestinal mucosa is unique in that it can be tolerant to the resident, symbiotic microbiota but remaining, at the same time, responsive to and able to fight pathogens. The close interaction between host-symbiotic microbiota at the mucosal level poses important challenges since microbial breaches through the gut barrier can result in the breakdown of gut homeostasis. In this paper, hosts-integrated components that help to preserve intestinal homeostasis including barrier and immune function are discussed. In addition global alterations of the microbiota that can play a role in the initiation of an exaggerated inflammatory response through an abnormal signaling of the innate and adaptive immune response are briefly described.

scholarly journals Host-Microbe Interactions: Shaping the Evolution of the Plant Immune Response

Cell ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen T. Chisholm ◽  
Gitta Coaker ◽  
Brad Day ◽  
Brian J. Staskawicz
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

Retinoids and nuclear retinoid receptors in white and brown adipose tissues: physiopathologic aspects

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Flajollet ◽  
Bart Staels ◽  
Philippe Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Active Metabolite ◽  
Tissue Remodeling ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Retinoid Receptors ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Β Carotene

AbstractVitamin A, ingested either as retinol or β-carotene from animal- or plant-derived foods respectively, is a nutrient essential for many biological functions such as embryonic development, vision, immune response, tissue remodeling, and metabolism. Its main active metabolite is all

Emerging Nutrition Gaps in a World of Affluence - Micronutrient Intake and Status Globally

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Eggersdorfer ◽  
Paul Walter
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
New Science ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Micronutrient Intake

Nutrition is important for human health in all stages of life - from conception to old age. Today we know much more about the molecular basis of nutrition. Most importantly, we have learnt that micronutrients, among other factors, interact with genes, and new science is increasingly providing more tools to clarify this interrelation between health and nutrition. Sufficient intake of vitamins is essential to achieve maximum health benefit. It is well established that in developing countries, millions of people still suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. However, it is far less recognized that we face micronutrient insufficiencies also in developed countries.

Vitamin A: dietologist’s position

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
S. V. Orlova ◽  
E. A. Nikitina ◽  
L. I. Karushina ◽  
Yu. A. Pigaryova ◽  
O. E. Pronina
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Therapeutic Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mucous Membranes

Vitamin A (retinol) is one of the key elements for regulating the immune response and controls the division and differentiation of epithelial cells of the mucous membranes of the bronchopulmonary system, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, eyes, etc. Its significance in the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic is difficult to overestimate. However, a number of studies conducted in the past have associated the additional intake of vitamin A with an increased risk of developing cancer, as a result of which vitamin A was practically excluded from therapeutic practice in developed countries. Our review highlights the role of vitamin A in maintaining human health and the latest data on its effect on the development mechanisms of somatic pathology.

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