scholarly journals Terminalia catappa (Singapore almond).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Salt Water ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
The United States ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Coastal Winds ◽  
Littoral Habitats

Abstract T. catappa is a perennial tree species that has been extensively introduced into littoral habitats, coastal forests, gardens and parks to be used as an ornamental, shade tree, and sand-dune stabilizer (Orwa et al., 2009; ISSG, 2017). This species has become of the most common trees in littoral habitats and beaches across tropical and subtropical regions of America, India, southeastern Asia, and the Pacific Ocean, due in part to human-mediated introductions, the adaptation of its fruits to be dispersed over long-distances by sea currents and its tolerance to salt-spray, coastal-winds and drought conditions (Thomson and Evans, 2006; Brown and Cooprider, 2013). T. catappa is a prolific seed producer and fruits may remain viable for a long time, even after floating in salt water for considerable time periods. This species naturalizes readily in littoral habitats and has been listed as invasive in the United States (Florida and Hawaii), Brazil, the Bahamas, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Trinidad and Tobago, Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands where it is displacing native vegetation and altering coastal dynamics (Smith, 2010; Oviedo Prieto et al., 2012; Mir, 2012; Rojas-Sandoval and Acevedo-Rodríguez, 2015; FLEPPC, 2017; I3N-Brazil, 2017; ISSG, 2017).

Professional Development Opportunities Provided by Consortia

2014 ◽  
pp. 1475-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tami Echavarria Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Continuing Education ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Inland Northwest ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northwest Region

Continuing education for librarians and library staff is a need all libraries must consider for the effective professional development of their human resources and the functioning of their libraries. Similar concerns regarding the needs and barriers to obtaining ongoing continuing education are found across different types of libraries and in different regions of the country. Although studied separately and in different regions of the country, among concerns of library school media specialists documented in studies, results are similar to those revealed in a survey of Inland Northwest Library Council (INCOL) librarians in public, academic, and special libraries. Consortia offering continuing education are not well documented in the literature, but examples that exist reveal a feasible, collaborative, effective resource as a means to provide for these needs in member libraries. The history of these consortia is not only important as a means of documentation of their existence, but more so of their value and usefulness proven over a long time period. INCOL, in the Inland Northwest region of the Pacific Northwest of the United States, is a model of such a consortium that continues to be relevant after more than 30 years of offering ongoing continuing education to its constituency.

Introduction

1967 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-187
Author(s):  
K. C. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Pacific War ◽  
Nineteen Thirties ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Tributary System

Despite the rapid growth of Chinese historical studies in the United States, a crucial epoch in the background of modern China has for a long time received the attention of comparatively few scholars. I refer to the early and middle Ch'ing period-the two centuries before the Opium War that saw the consolidation and the heyday of the Manchu rule in China. In the nineteen thirties American sinology was fascinated by the period. It was then that Pritchard published his books on the early relations between England and China, and Goodrich his study of the literary inquisition under Ch'ien-lung; that the great biographical dictionary, Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period, was prepared; that Fairbank and Teng were working on the Ch'ing documents and on the tributary system, and Michael on early Manchu military and political organization.1 But the Pacific War and the events in China that followed focused scholarly interest on that country's more recent experience. While many took up the study of “modern China,” inquiry into the Ch'ing before the nineteenth century was continued by only a few. Only in the last twelve years have we again seen the appearance of major studies touching upon the China of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries: Ho's works on commercial capitalism, population, social mobility, and voluntary associations; books on the shen-shih, the bureaucracy, and local government by Chang, Hsiao, Marsh, and Ch'ü; an analysis of rural social structure by Skinner; writings by de Bary, Nivison, and Wilhelm on intellectual history.

U.S Navy Practical Experiences in Cable Laying

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell A. Racette ◽  
Peter B. Yinger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Navy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Cable Laying ◽  
Minimal Design ◽  
Commercial Off The Shelf ◽  
Practical Experiences

Two recent United States Navy projects incorporated cable-laying operations to construct and replace existing Underwater Tracking Ranges. Many constraints involving environmental concerns, budget reductions, etc., have required the United States Navy to be creative in planning and executing cable laying operations. The ship selections marginally meet the maneuverability design requirements without training. The cable types selected are expected to require minimal design and be a commercial off the shelf item. Environmental concerns and their mitigation have been challenging. Successful projects in the Bahamas and United States Virgin Islands were performed yielding similar but varying results. The majority of the resources were common excluding the installation ship. The Bahamas project was performed without incident. The Virgin Islands project encountered a cable run away in the deployment machinery. Results of the post analysis compare the two projects. This quantifiable data has improved the planning of upcoming projects.

Professional Development Opportunities Provided by Consortia

2014 ◽  
pp. 209-229
Author(s):  
Tami Echavarria Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Continuing Education ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Inland Northwest ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northwest Region

Continuing education for librarians and library staff is a need all libraries must consider for the effective professional development of their human resources and the functioning of their libraries. Similar concerns regarding the needs and barriers to obtaining ongoing continuing education are found across different types of libraries and in different regions of the country. Although studied separately and in different regions of the country, among concerns of library school media specialists documented in studies, results are similar to those revealed in a survey of Inland Northwest Library Council (INCOL) librarians in public, academic, and special libraries. Consortia offering continuing education are not well documented in the literature, but examples that exist reveal a feasible, collaborative, effective resource as a means to provide for these needs in member libraries. The history of these consortia is not only important as a means of documentation of their existence, but more so of their value and usefulness proven over a long time period. INCOL, in the Inland Northwest region of the Pacific Northwest of the United States, is a model of such a consortium that continues to be relevant after more than 30 years of offering ongoing continuing education to its constituency.

scholarly journals Urochloa reptans (sprawling signalgrass).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
The United States ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Riparian Forests ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
The Pacific

Abstract Urochloa reptans is an annual grass regarded as native to Asia, the Arabian Peninsula, Australia and the Pacific region, although its status is ambiguous in many countries. The species grows forming clumps of slender, creeping culms up to 50 cm tall that are capable of displacing other plants and grasses. It is considered an important weed in agricultural lands and pastures, but it can also invade disturbed sites, degraded forests, coastal areas, river and creek beds, and riparian forests. Currently, it is listed as invasive in Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands and some islands in Oceania, where it has been reported invading relatively undisturbed forests.

scholarly journals Japan's Defence: Today and Tomorrow

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisao Iwashima
Keyword(s):  
International Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pacific War ◽  
Atomic Weapons ◽  
Commanding Officer ◽  
First Child ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
National Defence

When the Pacific War was over, I was taking a training to become a commanding officer of the KORYLI (Seadragon), a five-man midget submarine, modified version of the two-man submarine which penetrated Pearl Harbor in 1941. Missions in these submarines were not suicidal, but very nearly so, because they were automatically forced to the surface after firing one torpedo out of two due to the loss of balance. They would float in front of the target for about twenty seconds, submerge to normal depth, fire the second torpedo and come up again. It was a "secret weapon" in the hands of the Japanese Imperial Navy before the end of the war. About 150 such submarines were ready to fight against the landing forces of the United States. I mention this to underline the difference between my feelings at that time, and my feelings now. I had no fear of death during the war. I was not afraid of fighting against a superior force for the sake of the nation. But I am much more afraid of death now. Although 1 have taught for a long time at the National Defence College (currently the National Institute for Defence Studies) about international security, my sentiments are very different from what they were in the prewar period. The difference in my feelings is also tied to the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. I was in the Submarine School at Otake, 40 kilometers away from Hiroshima when the bomb was dropped, and saw the flash of the explosion and the mushroom cloud, and felt the shockwave. Two days later, I walked through Hiroshima for about two hours. I was told that if I had been there for five hours I would have been fatally affected, but fortunately I was not exposed to the radiation long enough for that. When I came back to Kure, which was near my home port at that time, my group and I got very drunk, to try and expunge the nightmare we had seen. The drinking helped save my life, flushing out the radiation. I do not know whether to believe that or not, but in any case I am still here. Only someone who had gone through the same experience, I think, could understand the anxieties I had after the war, especially when I was about to Hisao Iwashima have my first child. Even my wife did not really understand. At any rate, these feelings make up a part of my mentality. Frankly speaking, the Japanese "nuclear allergy" is something that ought to persist. It is unacceptable to use atomic weapons for any reason, under any reason, under any conditions. At the same time, I have to acknowledge the effectiveness of nuclear weapons as a deterrent. This is the dilemma I have to confront in my own thinking.

Life Assurance in the Former British West Indies.

1971 ◽  
Vol 97 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 251-295
Author(s):  
M. M. de Souza ◽  
A. Farncombe
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
British West Indies ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
Leeward Islands ◽  
Dependent Relationship ◽  
British Honduras ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
British Colonies

The Caribbean is usually taken to include the number of widely scattered islands in the Caribbean Sea, as well as four neighbouring mainland territories which, for historical reasons, are closely associated with one or other of the island groups. The islands comprise: three Republics—Cuba, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic; three former British Colonies which have become independent countries within the Commonwealth during the last ten years, Jamaica (1962), Trinidad and Tobago (1962), and Barbados (1966), and a number of other islands which continue to have some level of dependent relationship with one or other of the ‘metropolitan’ countries including Britain (the Windward and Leeward Islands, the British Virgin Islands and the Bahamas); France (Martinique and Guadeloupe), the Netherlands (Curaçao, Aruba, Bonaire), and the United States of America (Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands). The Mainland Territories include the independent Commonwealth country Guyana (formerly British Guiana and independent since 1966), French Guiana, Surinam (Dutch Guiana), and British Honduras.

Caribbean Organization

1961 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-316 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
The United States ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Caribbean Area ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Anglo American

The Caribbean Organization, a new organization for economic and social cooperation in the Caribbean area, was created under an agreement signed by representatives of the United Kingdom, the United States, France, and the Netherlands in Washington, D. C, on June 21, 1960. The new organization was to supercede the Caribbean Commission founded in 1946 by the same four signatory powers, which was in turn the successor to the wartime Anglo- American Caribbean Commission. The Caribbean Organization, reportedly set up as the result of the wishes of the people of the area and in light of their new constitutional relationships, was designed to remove the taint of colonialism attached to the paternal structure of the Caribbean Commission. Although the four signatories of the agreement were members of the Caribbean Commission, only France, representing the three French Overseas Departments of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, and Martinique, was eligible for membership in the new organization. Membership in the Caribbean Organization was to be open to the following: the Netherlands Antilles, Surinam, the Bahamas, British Guiana, British Honduras, the British Virgin Islands, the British West Indies, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands of the United States, in addition to France. Any of the eligible prospective members could accede to membership in the organization by notifying the Secretary- General of the organization or the Secretary- General of the Caribbean Commission. The statute of the organization, annexed to the agreement for its establishment, included in the purposes of the organization social, cultural, and economic matters of common interest to the Caribbean area, particularly in the fields of agriculture, communications, education, fisheries, health, housing, industry, labor, music and the arts, social welfare, and trade.

New range records and life history observations of insects (Diptera: Dryomyzidae, Chironomidae; Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) associated with barnacles (Balanomorpha: Balanidae, Chthamalidae) on the Pacific coasts of North America and Japan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Joel F. Gibson ◽  
Henry H.C. Choong
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Natural History Collection ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Microhabitat Preferences ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Insects are usually considered to be excluded from the marine environment. A small number of species, however, are considered to be marine, due to spending some portion of their life cycle in salt water. We use natural history collection specimens, in-field observations, and molecular analysis to generate new locale records and natural history data for seven insect species. All seven species are associated with barnacles (Balanomorpha: Balanidae, Chthamalidae) along the Pacific coast of Canada, the United States of America, or Japan. Use of DNA barcode analysis confirms the monophyly of three species of Oedoparena (Diptera: Dryomyzidae). Natural history collection specimens expand the geographical range and illuminate the phenology of Oedoparena spp. In-field observations record direct associations between three species of Thalassosmittia (Diptera: Chironomidae), Diaulota densissima (Casey) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), and intertidal barnacles from various locations in British Columbia, Canada. Barnacle host associations and microhabitat preferences are proposed for all species. A new definition of what constitutes a marine insect is offered.

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