Chronic orbital inflammatory disease and optic neuropathy associated with long-term intranasal cocaine abuse: 2 cases and literature review

Orbit ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 350-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Siemerink ◽  
Nicole J. M. Freling ◽  
Peerooz Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Cocaine Abuse ◽  
Intranasal Cocaine

Optic Neuropathy Caused by Naso-Orbital Mass in Chronic Intranasal Cocaine Abuse

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher C Shen ◽  
Amanda L Silver ◽  
Thomas J OʼDonnell ◽  
James C Fleming ◽  
Zeynel A Karcioglu
Keyword(s):  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Cocaine Abuse ◽  
Orbital Mass ◽  
Intranasal Cocaine

Dacryocystitis Secondary to Intranasal Cocaine Abuse: A Case Report and Literature Review

Orbit ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 405-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicia D. Allard ◽  
Eric U. Yee ◽  
Suzanne K. Freitag
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Cocaine Abuse ◽  
Intranasal Cocaine

Moyamoya syndrome associated with cocaine abuse

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. E9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc S. Schwartz ◽  
R. Michael Scott
Keyword(s):  
Cocaine Abuse ◽  
Arterial Stenosis ◽  
Cerebral Vasculature ◽  
Moyamoya Syndrome ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Chronic Cocaine ◽  
Intranasal Cocaine ◽  
Cocaine Abuser ◽  
Multiple Cerebral Infarctions

The authors report the case of a 30-year-old woman who was a long-term intranasal cocaine abuser and who presented with transient ischemic attacks and multiple cerebral infarctions that were associated with moyamoya syndrome. The authors suggest that, because of its sympathomimetic effects, chronic cocaine use may promote intracranial arterial stenosis, distal ischemia, and subsequent formation of moyamoya-like vessels. The patient has remained clinically stable with no new episodes of stroke 6 years after undergoing “pial synangiosis” (modified encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis) to revascularize both hemispheres. Cocaine abuse may lead to moyamoya syndrome and may represent a chronic effect on the cerebral vasculature.

scholarly journals Treated Wastewater Irrigation—A Review

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1527
Author(s):  
Mahmoud S. Hashem ◽  
Xue-Bin Qi
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Water Resource Utilization ◽  
Extension Program ◽  
Agricultural Demand

As the most important resource for life, water has been a central issue on the international agenda for several decades. Yet, the world’s supply of clean freshwater is steadily decreasing due to extensive agricultural demand for irrigated lands. Therefore, water resources should be used with greater efficiency, and the use of non-traditional water resources, such as Treated Wastewater (TW), should be increased. Reusing TW could be an alternative option to increase water resources. Thus, many countries have decided to turn wastewater into an irrigation resource to help meet urban demand and address water shortages. However, because of the nature of that water, there are potential problems associated with its use in irrigation. Some of the major concerns are health hazards, salinity build-up, and toxicity hazards. The objectives of this comprehensive literature review are to illuminate the importance of using TW in irrigation as an alternative freshwater source and to assess the effects of its use on soil fertility and other soil properties, plants, and public health. The literature review reveals that TW reuse has become part of the extension program for boosting water resource utilization. However, the uncontrolled application of such waters has many unfavorable effects on both soils and plants, especially in the long-term. To reduce these unfavorable effects when using TW in irrigation, proper guidelines for wastewater reuse and management should be followed to limit negative effects significantly.

scholarly journals Association of inflammatory disease and long-term outcomes among young adults with myocardial infarction: the Partners YOUNG-MI registry

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Weber ◽  
D.W Biery ◽  
A Singh ◽  
S Divakaran ◽  
A.N Berman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Arthritis ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Background Autoimmune systemic inflammatory diseases are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly myocardial infarction (MI). However, there are limited data on the prevalence and effects of inflammatory disease among U.S. adults who experience an MI at a young age. Purpose We sought to determine the prevalence and prognostic value of inflammatory disease in U.S. adults who experience an MI at a young age. Methods The YOUNG-MI registry is a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients who experienced a Type 1 MI at or below the age of 50 years from 2000 to 2016 at two large medical centers. A diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis (PsO), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or inflammatory arthritis was determined through physician review of electronic medical records (EMR). Demographic information, presence of cardiovascular (CV) risk-factors, medical procedures, and medications upon discharge were also ascertained from the EMR. Incidence of death was determined using a combination of EMR and national databases. Cox proportional hazard modeling was performed on a sub-sample following Mahalanobis Distance matching on age, sex, and CV risk factors. Results The cohort consisted of 2097 individuals (median age 45 years, 19% female, 53% ST-elevation MI). Among these, 53 (2.5%) individuals possessed a diagnosis of systemic inflammatory disease at or before their index MI (23% SLE, 9% RA, 64% PsO, 4% inflammatory arthritis). When compared to the remainder of the cohort, patients with a diagnosis of systemic inflammatory disease were more likely to be female (36% vs 19%, p=0.004) and be diagnosed with hypertension (62% vs 46%, p=0.025). There was, however, no significant difference in the prevalence of other CV risk factors – diabetes, smoking, dyslipidemia – or a family history of premature coronary artery disease. Despite these similarities, patients with inflammatory disease were less likely to be prescribed aspirin (88% vs 95%, p=0.049) or a statin (76% vs 89%, p=0.008) upon discharge. Over a median follow-up of 11.2 years, patients with inflammatory disease experienced an increased risk of all-cause mortality when compared with the full-cohort (Figure). Compared to the matched sample (n=138), patients with systemic inflammatory disease exhibited an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR=2.68, CI [1.18 to 6.07], p=0.018), which remained significant after multivariable adjustment for length of stay and GFR (HR=2.38, CI [1.02 to 5.54], p=0.045). Conclusions Among individuals who experienced an MI at a young age, approximately 2.5% had evidence of a systemic inflammatory disease at or before their MI. When compared with a population of individuals with similar cardiovascular risk profiles, those with inflammatory disease had higher rates of all-cause mortality. Our findings suggest that the presence of a systemic inflammatory disorder is independently associated with worse long-term outcomes. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): 1. 5T32 HL094301 NIH T32 Training Grant, “Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Research Training Program”

scholarly journals Adapting the definition of multimorbidity – development of a locality-based consensus for selecting included Long Term Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrin Hafezparast ◽  
Ellie Bragan Turner ◽  
Rupert Dunbar-Rees ◽  
Alice Vodden ◽  
Hiten Dodhia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Local Health Service

Abstract Background Defining multimorbidity has proved elusive in spite of attempts to standardise definitions. For national studies, a broad definition is required to capture national diversity. For locally based studies, the definition may need to reflect demographic and morbidity patterns. We aimed to define multimorbidity for an inner city, multi-ethnic, deprived, young age community typical of many large cities. Methods We used a scoping literature review to identify the international literature, standards and guidelines on Long Term Condition (LTC) definitions for inclusion in our multimorbidity definition. Consensus was categorised into high, medium or low consensus, depending on the number of literature sources citing each LTC. Findings were presented to a workshop consisting of local health service stakeholders who were asked to select LTCs for inclusion in a second stage review. In the second stage, each LTC was tested against seven evaluation domains: prevalence, impact, preventability, treatment burden, progression to multiple LTCs, impact on younger people, data quality. These domains were used to create 12 target criteria. LTC rankings according to consensus group and target criteria scores were presented to a second workshop for a final decision about LTC inclusion. Results The literature review identified 18 literature sources citing 86 LTCs: 11 were excluded because they were LTC clusters. The remainder were allocated into consensus groupings: 13 LTCs were ‘high consensus’ (cited by ≥ 11 sources); 15 were ‘medium consensus’ (cited by 5–10 sources); 47 were ‘low consensus’ (cited by < 5 sources). The first workshop excluded 31 LTCs. The remaining 44 LTCs consisted of: 13 high consensus LTCs, all with high target score (score 6–12); 15 medium consensus LTCs, 11 with high target scores; 16 low consensus LTCs, 6 with high target scores. The final workshop selected the 12 high consensus conditions, 12 medium consensus LTCs (10 with high target scores) and 8 low consensus LTCs (3 with high target scores), producing a final selection of 32 LTCs. Conclusions Redefining multimorbidity for an urban context ensures local relevance but may diminish national generalisability. We describe a detailed LTC selection process which should be generalisable to other contexts, both local and national.

scholarly journals Fuke Qianjin Combined with Antibiotic Therapy for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yu Chen ◽  
Shaobin Wei ◽  
Li Huang ◽  
Mei Luo ◽  
Yang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Chinese Patent ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) without timely and proper treatment can cause long-term sequelae; meanwhile, patients will be confronted with the antimicrobial resistance and side effects. Chinese patent medicine as a supplement is used to treat PID with satisfactory clinical efficacy. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Fuke Qianjin (FKQJ) combined with antibiotics in the treatment of PID. Methods. Eight electronic databases and other resources were searched to make a collection of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from 1990 to 2019. The RCTs contrasting the effect of FKQJ combined with antibiotics regimens and antibiotics alone in reproductive women with PID were included. The antibiotics regimens are all recommended by the guidelines. Two reviewers independently screened the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. Then, the meta-analyses were performed by RevMan 5. 3 software if appropriate. Results. Twenty-three RCTs (2527 women) were included in this review. The evidence showed that FKQJ combined with antibiotics improved the markedly effective rate compared to antibiotics alone group (RR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.49, I2 = 42%), shortened the improvement time of low abdominal pain (MD = −1.11, 95% CI −1.39 to −0.84, I2 = 38%), and increased the rate of lower abdominal pain improvement (RR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.55, I2 = 0). The implementation of adjuvant reduced the recurrent rate compared with antibiotics alone (RR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.56, I2 = 0%). Conclusions. Based on available evidence, FKQJ combined with antibiotics therapy have certain outcomes on increasing the markedly effective rate, decreasing the recurrent rate compared with antibiotics alone group. This therapy appears to improve lower abdominal pain and curtail the relief time. Due to the low quality and the risk of bias, any high-quality evidence or longer follow-up period should be advisable and necessary in the future.

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