Visual Perception Modifies Goal-directed Movement Control: Supporting Evidence from a Visual Perturbation Paradigm

1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 726-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Proteau Guillaume Masson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Directed Movement ◽  
Visual Perturbation

Visual Perception Modifies Goal-directed Movement Control: Supporting Evidence from a Visual Perturbation Paradigm

1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 726-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Proteau ◽  
Guillaume Masson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Directed Movement ◽  
Single Action ◽  
Visual Background ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Perceived Velocity ◽  
Visual Perturbation

It is well known that dynamic visual information influences movement control, whereas the role played by background visual information is still largely unknown. Evidence coming mainly from eye movement and manual tracking studies indicates that background visual information modifies motion perception and might influence movement control. The goal of the present study was to test this hypothesis. Subjects had to apply pressure on a strain gauge to displace in a single action a cursor shown on a video display and to immobilize it on a target shown on the same display. In some instances, the visual background against which the cursor moved was unexpectedly perturbed in a direction opposite to (Experiment 1), or in the same direction as (Experiment 2) the cursor controlled by the subject. The results of both experiments indicated that the introduction of a visual perturbation significantly affected aiming accuracy. These results suggest that background visual information is used to evaluate the velocity of the aiming cursor, and that this perceived velocity is fed back to the control system, which uses it for on-line corrections.

scholarly journals Integration of allocentric and egocentric visual information in a convolutional / multilayer perceptron network model of goal-directed gaze shifts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Abedi Khoozani ◽  
Vishal Bharmauria ◽  
Adrian Schuetz ◽  
Richard P. Wildes ◽  
John Douglas Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Multilayer Perceptron ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Saccade Target ◽  
Directed Movement ◽  
Visuomotor Transformations ◽  
Multilayer Perceptron Network ◽  
Mlp Model ◽  
Gaze Position

Allocentric (landmark-centered) and egocentric (eye-centered) visual codes are fundamental for spatial cognition, navigation, and goal-directed movement. Neuroimaging and neurophysiology suggest these codes are segregated initially, but then reintegrated in frontal cortex for movement control. We created and validated a theoretical framework for this process using physiologically constrained inputs and outputs. To implement a general framework, we integrated a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) of the visual system with a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) model of the sensorimotor transformation. The network was trained on a task where a landmark shifted relative to the saccade target. These visual parameters were input to the CNN, the CNN output and initial gaze position to the MLP, and a decoder transformed MLP output into saccade vectors. Decoded saccade output replicated idealized training sets with various allocentric weightings, and actual monkey data where the landmark shift had a partial influence (R2 = 0.8). Furthermore, MLP output units accurately simulated prefrontal response field shifts recorded from monkeys during the same paradigm. In summary, our model replicated both the general properties of the visuomotor transformations for gaze and specific experimental results obtained during allocentric-egocentric integration, suggesting it can provide a general framework for understanding these and other complex visuomotor behaviors.

scholarly journals Function of basal ganglia in tauG-guiding action

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. Lee ◽  
Apostolos P. Georgopoulos ◽  
Gert-Jan Pepping
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
The Body ◽  
Zona Incerta ◽  
Directed Movement ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Electrochemical Energy

AbstractNervous systems control purposeful movement, both within and outside the body, which is essential for the survival of an animal. The movement control functions of globus pallidus (GP), subthalamic nucleus (STN) and zona incerta (ZI) were analyzed in monkeys reaching for seen targets. Temporal profiles of the hand movements of monkeys and the synchronized flow of electrochemical energy through these basal ganglia were analyzed in terms of a theory of goal-directed movement. Theoretical and empirical analysis indicated: (i) the neural information for controlling movement is the relative-rate-of-change of flow of electrochemical energy in neurons rather than the flow itself; (ii) GP is involved in creating prospective electrochemical flow to guide movement; (iii) STN is involved in registering the perceptual electrochemical flow monitoring the movement; (iv) ZI is involved in integrating the prospective and perceptual electrochemical flows to power the muscles and thence the movement. Possible implications for PD are discussed.

scholarly journals Unaware processing of tools in the neural system for object-directed action representation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Tettamanti ◽  
Francesca Conca ◽  
Andrea Falini ◽  
Daniela Perani
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Action Representation ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Representation System ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
Continuous Flash Suppression ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Directed Action ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe hypothesis that the brain constitutively encodes observed manipulable objects for the actions they afford is still debated. Yet, crucial supporting evidence demonstrating that such visuo-motor embodiment occurs even without awareness has hitherto not been provided. In this fMRI study, we reliably instantiated unaware visual perception conditions by means of Continuous Flash Suppression, and found consistent activation in the target visuo-motor, action representation system, specifically for manipulable versus non-manipulable objects

Making Sense of the Body: the Role of Vestibular Signals

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 525-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vestibular Cortex ◽  
Metric Properties ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Perception Of Biological Motion

The role of the vestibular system in posture and eye movement control has been extensively described. By contrast, how vestibular signals contribute to bodily perceptions is a more recent research area in the field of cognitive neuroscience. In the present review article, I will summarize recent findings showing that vestibular signals play a crucial role in making sense of the body. First, data will be presented showing that vestibular signals contribute to bodily perceptions ranging from low-level bodily perceptions, such as touch, pain, and the processing of the body’s metric properties, to higher level bodily perceptions, such as the sense of owning a body, the sense of being located within this body (embodiment), and the anchoring of the visuo-spatial perspective to this body. In the second part of the review article, I will show that vestibular information seems to be crucially involved in the visual perception of biological motion and in the visual perception of human body structure. Reciprocally, observing human bodies in motion influences vestibular self-motion perception, presumably due to sensorimotor resonance between the self and others. I will argue that recent advances in the mapping of the human vestibular cortex afford neuroscientific models of the vestibular contributions to human bodily self-consciousness.

scholarly journals Structural Model of Motor Readiness of Young Gymnasts Aged 6-8

2015 ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
О. Худолій ◽  
Т. Карпунець ◽  
О. Іващенко
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Test ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Visual Control ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Control Test ◽  
Movement Coordination ◽  
Directed Movement ◽  
Time Accuracy

The purpose of the research is to determine the factor structure of the motor readiness of young gymnasts aged 6—8. Research methods. To achieve the tasks set, the research relies on theoretical and empirical methods used: analysis and collation of scientific and methodological literature; modeling, pedagogical observations and experiment, factor analysis. The research recorded the following indicators: the number of repetitions required to teach the exercises; score for the unit-directional movement coordination exercise (test 3); score for the differently directed movement coordination exercise (test 4); error in spatial precision of hand movements (test 9); error in spatial accuracy of leg movements (test 14); error in time accuracy of executing the sitting-to-lying event (test 17); error in time accuracy of five jumps on marks in 5 seconds (test 18); error in evaluation of muscular efforts with visual control (test 24); error in evaluation of muscular efforts without visual control (test 25); vestibular stability, error (test 28); wrist strength; back strength; standing long jump. The participants in the study were 40 gymnasts aged 6-7 and 32 gymnasts aged 7-8. Research results. The young gymnasts aged 6-8 have quite distinct elements that determine the development of their sports skills, namely: learning ability, motor experience, coordination complexity of exercises; relationship between the strength development and the ability to differentiate muscular efforts; movement coordination, movement control and vestibular apparatus stability. 

Analyzing reactions of single mechanoenzyme molecules by light microscopy

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 426-427
Author(s):  
Jeff Gelles
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Transient State ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Reaction Intermediates ◽  
Enzyme Molecule ◽  
Directed Movement ◽  
Enzyme Molecules ◽  
Individual Enzyme ◽  
Single Reaction

Mechanoenzymes are enzymes which use a chemical reaction to power directed movement along biological polymer. Such enzymes include the cytoskeletal motors (e.g., myosins, dyneins, and kinesins) as well as nucleic acid polymerases and helicases. A single catalytic turnover of a mechanoenzyme moves the enzyme molecule along the polymer a distance on the order of 10−9 m We have developed light microscope and digital image processing methods to detect and measure nanometer-scale motions driven by single mechanoenzyme molecules. These techniques enable one to monitor the occurrence of single reaction steps and to measure the lifetimes of reaction intermediates in individual enzyme molecules. This information can be used to elucidate reaction mechanisms and determine microscopic rate constants. Such an approach circumvents difficulties encountered in the use of traditional transient-state kinetics techniques to examine mechanoenzyme reaction mechanisms.

Text Comprehension: Graphic Organizers to the Rescue

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Janet L. Proly ◽  
Jessica Rivers ◽  
Jamie Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Text Comprehension ◽  
Graphic Organizers ◽  
Expository Text ◽  
Supporting Evidence

Abstract Graphic organizers are a research based strategy used for facilitating the reading comprehension of expository text. This strategy will be defined and the evolution and supporting evidence for the use of graphic organizers will be discussed. Various types of graphic organizers and resources for SLPs and other educators will also be discussed.

Development of visual perception and attention, assessed by backward masking and application in children with epilepsy

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Macchi ◽  
Livia Nicoletta Rossi ◽  
Ivan Cortinovis ◽  
Lucia Menegazzo ◽  
Sandra Maria Burri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Backward Masking
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