Law Enforcement Policies Directed Toward Illicit Drug Selling and Usage

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria A. Grizzle
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Drug Selling ◽  
Enforcement Policies

Auras of Detection: Power and Knowledge in Drug Prohibition

2021 ◽  
pp. 009145092110354
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Drug Market ◽  
Epistemic Authority ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Drug Supply ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Drug Checking

Drug checking is an evidence-based strategy for overdose prevention that continues to operate (where it operates) in a legal “gray zone” due to the legal classification of some drug checking tools as drug paraphernalia—the purview of law enforcement, not public health. This article takes the emergence of fentanyl in the U.S. drug supply as a starting point for examining two closely related questions about drug checking and drug market expertise. First, how is the epistemic authority of law enforcement over the material realities of the drug market produced? Second, in the context of that authority, what are the socio-political implications of technologically advanced drug checking instruments in the hands of people who use drugs? The expertise that people who use drugs maintain about the nature of illicit drug market and how to navigate the illicit drug supply has long been discounted as untrustworthy, irrational, or otherwise invalid. Yet, increased access to drug checking tools has the potential to afford the knowledge produced by people who use drugs a technological validity it has never before enjoyed. In this article, I engage with theories of knowledge production and ontological standpoint from the field of science, technology, and society studies to examine how law enforcement produces and maintains epistemic authority over the illicit drug market and to explore how drug checking technologies enable new forms of knowledge production. I argue that drug checking be viewed as a form of social resistance against law enforcement’s epistemological authority and as a refuge against the harms produced by drug criminalization.

Juveniles, Illicit Drug Activity, and Homicides against Law Enforcement Officers

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Carson Mencken ◽  
James Nolan ◽  
Samuel Berhanu
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Drug Activity

scholarly journals Drug Law Enforcement Revisited: The “War” Against the War on Drugs

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Alexandris Polomarkakis
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
War On Drugs ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Policy Choice ◽  
Drug Control ◽  
Drug Markets ◽  
Drug Law ◽  
Drug Law Enforcement

From the closure of London’s nightclub Fabric to Duterte’s drug war, law enforcement has become the policy choice par excellence for drug control by stakeholders around the globe, creating a rift between theory and practice, the former vehemently dismissing most of its alleged benefits. This article provides a fresh look on the said regime, through examining its implications in the key areas of illicit drug markets, public health, and broader society. Instead of adopting a critical stance from the start, as much of the literature does, the issue is evaluated from the perspective of a focus on the logic and rationality of drug law enforcement approaches, to showcase from within how problematic the latter are. The article concludes by suggesting at least a reconceptualization of the concept, to give way to more sophisticated policies for finally tackling the issue of illegal drugs effectively.

Turf and Illegal Drug Market Competition between Gangs

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1507-1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto J. Naranjo
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Community Policing ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Drug Market ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Drug Markets ◽  
Stage Game ◽  
Enforcement Policies

Abstract Street-level illegal drug markets generate much of the violence and intimidation that local communities face nowadays. These markets are mainly driven by territorial gangs who finance their activities through the sale of drugs. Understanding how the existence of both turf and drug market competition may have unintended consequences of law enforcement policies on violence is the main contribution of the paper. We propose a two-stage game-theoretical model where two profit maximizing gangs compete in prices and invest in guns. We find that policies such as traditional or community policing can have different and unexpected effects on the level of violence.

scholarly journals Mapping method in research of drug crime regional criminological features (Ukraine taken as an example)

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Andriy Babenko ◽  
Ruslan Tarasenko ◽  
Oleksandr Ostrohliadov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Criminological Theory ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Drug Crime ◽  
Illicit Drug Trafficking

General national average drug crime rates on which the contemporary criminological theory and practice is based do not adequately reflect regional peculiarities in the field of illicit drug trafficking as they level high quality/quantity parameters in some areas and their lower values in others. Still, consideration of only national totals in organization of crime counteraction leads to incomplete information, neglecting its negative trends in certain areas, thus, causing aberration of the actual drug crime situation and using improper countermeasures. Under such circumstances the state law enforcement agencies do not operate preemptively against the illicit drug trafficking, do not contain in due time outbreaks of drug crime in certain areas- crime donors, and, as a result, the efficiency of steps aimed at drug addiction prevention as well as crime limitation in total becomes substantively deteriorated. Criminological mapping method enables the territorial police divisions to monitor existing criminological situation, inform the public and other law enforcement agencies on trends and locations of drug crime expansion, and reveal the most affected areas to be able to react promptly to crime pattern changes in regions. The application of this method enabled the evident demonstration of the fact that in Ukraine the Eastern and Southern areas were most affected by drug crime, wherein the affection factor in this part is twice higher than general national value.

The deterrent effects of Australian street-level drug law enforcement on illicit drug offending at outdoor music festivals

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Elizabeth Hughes ◽  
Vivienne Moxham-Hall ◽  
Alison Ritter ◽  
Don Weatherburn ◽  
Robert MacCoun
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Music Festivals ◽  
Street Level ◽  
Drug Law ◽  
Drug Law Enforcement

Problems and Challenges of the echr’s Extraterritorial Application to Law-Enforcement Operations at Sea

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 445-473
Author(s):  
Marta Szuniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
European Court ◽  
Extraterritorial Jurisdiction ◽  
Illicit Drug Trafficking

Recently the European Court of Human Rights has been challenged with questions concerning the scope of the State’s responsibility for violations of human rights that occurred on international waters. The complaints concern the international fight on illicit drug trafficking, piracy and illegal immigration. The analysed case law provides that occurrences on international waters constitute cases of extraterritorial jurisdiction and may engage responsibility of the State under the echr in the events that take place on board a vessel flying its flag (jurisdiction de iure) and in case of occurrences that happen on board foreign vessels, if the State exercises an effective control over a ship or its crew (jurisdiction de facto). Unfortunately, the Court’s findings prove difficult to follow in a few points as the judges applied the Strasboaurg standard too strictly, irrespective of the practical challenges of maritime law-enforcement operations and existing institutions of the law of the sea.

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