Pituitary dimensions and volume measurements in pregnancy and post partum

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Dinç ◽  
F. Esen ◽  
A. Demirci ◽  
A. Sari ◽  
H. Resit Gümele
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Normal Pituitary Gland ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: Our purpose was to clarify and further characterize the changes in height, length, width, volume, and shape in the normal pituitary gland and in width in the infundibulum during pregnancy and the first 6 months post partum. Material and Methods: Cranial MR imaging was performed in 78 women who were pregnant in the second or third trimester or who were post partum, and in 18 age-matched control subjects who were not pregnant. Volume measurements were performed in 2 ways; volume 1=1/2xheightxlengthxwidth; and volume 2=area (measured by trackball)xslice thickness Results: Gland volume, height, width, length, and convexity, and infundibular width increased during pregnancy. the highest values were seen during the 3 days immediately post partum. When compared with volunteers, volumes 1 and 2 showed the largest increase (120%) among the parameters. Gland height showed the best correlation (r=0.94, p>0.00001) with gestational age. the mean height of the gland was 8.76 mm in the third trimester. None of the pregnant women had a gland height of above 10 mm during pregnancy. Only 2 subjects had gland heights of 10.04 and 10.2 mm during the 0–3 days post partum. After this first post-partum period of 3 days, the gland size, shape, and volume and the infundibular width returned to normal within 6 months Conclusion: the pituitary gland enlarges in three dimensions throughout pregnancy. During pregnancy, the volume of the gland shows the highest percentage of increase compared to its length, height, and width. the maximum height of the gland does not exceed 10 mm during pregnancy but it may exceed 10 mm during the 3 days immediately post partum.

scholarly journals Hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism in pregnancy: an Italian retrospective observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Marcucci ◽  
Paola Altieri ◽  
Salvatore Benvenga ◽  
Marta Bondanelli ◽  
Valentina Camozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) or pseudo-hypoparathyroidism (pseudo-HypoPT) during pregnancy may cause maternal and fetal/neonatal complications. In this regard, only a few case reports or case series of pregnant or lactating women have been published. The purpose of this study was to describe clinical and biochemical course, pharmacological management, and potential adverse events during pregnancy and post-partum in pregnant women with HypoPT or pseudo-HypoPT. This was a retrospective, observational, multicenter, study involving nine Italian referral centers for endocrine diseases affiliated with the Italian Society of Endocrinology and involved in “Hypoparathyroidism Working Group”. Results This study identified a cohort of 28 women (followed between 2005 and 2018) with HypoPT (n = 25, 84% postsurgical, 16% idiopathic/autoimmune) and pseudo-HypoPT (n = 3). In HypoPT women, the mean calcium carbonate dose tended to increase gradually from the first to third trimester (+ 12.6%) in pregnancy. This average increase in the third trimester was significantly greater compared to the pre-pregnancy period (p value = 0.03). However, analyzing the individual cases, in 44% the mean calcium dosage remained unchanged throughout gestation. Mean calcitriol doses tended to increase during pregnancy, with a statistically significant increase between the third trimester and the pre-pregnancy period (p value = 0.02). Nevertheless, analyzing the individual cases, in the third trimester most women with HypoPT (64%) maintained the same dosage of calcitriol compared to the first trimester. Both mean calcium carbonate and calcitriol doses tended to decrease from the third trimester to the post-partum six months. Most identified women (~ 70%) did not display maternal complications and (~ 90%) maintained mean serum albumin-corrected total calcium levels within the low-to-mid normal reference range (8.5 ± 0.8 mg/dl) during pregnancy. The main complications related to pregnancy period included: preterm birth (n = 3 HypoPT women), and history of miscarriages (n = 6 HypoPT women and n = 2 pseudo-HypoPT women). Conclusion This study shows that mean serum albumin-corrected total calcium levels were carefully monitored during pregnancy and post-pregnancy, with limited evaluation of other biochemical parameters, such as serum phosphate, 24 h urinary calcium, 25-OH vitamin D, and creatinine clearance. To avoid complications in mothers affected by (HypoPT) or (pseudo-HypoPT) and offspring, intense biochemical, clinical and pharmacological monitoring during pregnancy and breastfeeding is highly recommended.

scholarly journals Magnetic Resonance Imaging Determination of Normal Pituitary Gland Dimensions in Zaria, Northwest Nigerian Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Oluleke Ibinaiye ◽  
Sefia Olarinoye-Akorede ◽  
Olugbenga Kajogbola ◽  
Adamu Girei Bakari
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Normal Pituitary Gland ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nigerian Population ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age And Sex

Objectives: To determine the dimensions of normal pituitary gland using T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI) and to determine their relationship with age and sex. Materials and Methods: Cranial MRI scans of 100 individuals with clinically normal pituitary function (58 males and 42 females) and in the age range 14–82 years were reviewed in order to obtain volumetric measurements of the pituitary gland. The height, width, and depth of the pituitary were obtained from mid-sagittal and coronal planes, while the volume was calculated from these measured parameters. The data obtained were stratified based on age and sex for analysis. Statistical tests applied included Student's t-test and Pearson correlation. A minimum level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean pituitary volumes were 334.1 ± 145.8 mm3 and 328.1 ± 129.2 mm3 while the mean pituitary heights were 6.45 ± 1.7 mm and 6.46 ± 1.57 mm in males and females, respectively. Although there was no statistically significant difference between pituitary height and pituitary volume in both sexes, they correlated negatively with increasing age (r = −202, P = 0.04 and r = −410, P = 0.000, respectively). Both parameters were highest in pubertal subjects and declined steadily with age, with a second peak occurring only for pituitary height in the sixth decade. The mean pituitary widths (9.08 ± 2.59 mm and 9.21 ± 1.86 mm) and depths (10.59 ± 1.71 mm and 10.49 ± 1.57 mm) in males and females, respectively, did not show remarkable changes with age and sex in the individuals studied. Conclusion: With this study, we have provided reference values in Nigerian population for the dimensions of normal pituitary gland, in order to facilitate assessment and diagnosis in patients with abnormalities of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis.

scholarly journals The Effect of Added Weight on Foot Anthropometry in Pregnant Women and Nulligravida Women

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn D Harrison ◽  
Krystal Thomas ◽  
Corrie Mancinelli ◽  
Petronela Meszaros ◽  
Jean L McCrory
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Arch Height ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Rigidity Index ◽  
Arch Index ◽  
Index Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Weight

Abstract Background Foot anthropometry is altered by pregnancy. It is unknown if these changes are due to increased bodyweight and/or hormonal concentrations. The purpose of our study was to examine the effect of added weight on foot anthropometry in pregnancy. Methods Fifteen primigravid women and 13 nulliparous controls participated. Controls were matched to pregnant women based on self-reported pre-pregnancy weight. After informed consent, data were collected on pregnant participants in each trimester and post-partum. Foot length, width, arch index, arch height index, arch rigidity index, and arch drop were assessed. Subsequently, pregnant participants in their first two trimesters donned a weighted pack such that total weight difference from pre-pregnancy weight was 124N. Foot measurements were repeated. Third trimester participants were only measured without a pack as they were at full-pregnancy weight. In post-partum, bodyweight plus pack-weight equaled third trimester weight. For control participants, bodyweight plus pack-weight equaled third trimester weight of the pregnant participant to whom they were matched. A MANOVA was performed with the independent variables of trimester, weight condition, and leg. Tukey post-hoc analyses were performed when appropriate (α=0.05). Results Arch drop increased by 18% (p=0.007) and arch rigidity index decreased by 1% (p=0.001) while weighted across both pregnant and control groups. Increase in foot length and width and decrease in arch height index with added weight was only greater in pregnant participants compared to the control participants (p<0.05). Conclusions Adding weight produced changes in arch drop and arch rigidity index. Weight plus pregnancy was related to further alterations in anthropometry. Increased pregnancy hormone concentrations likely affect foot anthropometry in primigravid women.

Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women with Dengue

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3161-3163
Author(s):  
Maryam Shoaib ◽  
Muhammad Sohail Tareen ◽  
Uzma Afridi ◽  
Samia Saifullah
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Intrauterine Death ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
The Mean

Background: Dengue infection has been observed to cause critical outcomes in mother as well as child from an infected pregnancy. Objective: To assess the maternal and neonatal outcomes of dengue infected pregnancy. Study Design: Prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta 1st August 2018 to 28th February 2021. Methodology: Fifty pregnant females were enrolled after their dengue confirmation either by NS1, IgM or IgG test. Clinical and demographic information was recorded. Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were noticed by following the patients until delivery and postpartum period and the new born if infected then up to post 6 months of delivery. Results: The mean age of patients was 25.5±3.5 years. Out of the total pregnant dengue infected females 60% had multigravida. Fifty percent of females came for clinical assistance in their third trimester. Post-partum hemorrhages were common in 6% patients. Vertical transmission was seen in three cases where two did not survive and had intra uterine death. Maternal mortality was seen in 14% of total cases. Conclusion: Morbidity, preterm labor, vertical transmission, intrauterine death are some of the maternal and neonatal outcomes of dengue infected pregnancy. Keywords: Dengue, Pregnancy, Neonatal outcomes, Maternal outcomes

scholarly journals Maxillary Sinus Dimensions of Different Human Age Groups by CT Scan Imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ahmad ABDALLA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Mean ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

Background: The maxillary sinus is an air-filled space, situated in maxillary bones and may be recognized with different shapes and sizes, its walls are obviously thin, and its apex can extend to zygomatic processes of these bones and can occupy most of zygomatic bone. Materials and methods: A prospective study of 330 healthy human individuals who attending to radiology section during the period from December 2018 to October 2019 to do CT scans for maxillary sinuses. Various CT images were taken to calculate the three dimensions of the maxillary sinuses. Results: The mean value for right maxillary human sinus anteroposterior length, width, and height for males were 40.2 ± 4.2mm, 25.2 ± 4.2mm, and 45.0 ± 5.1mm respectively; while for the left was 39.2 ± 3.9mm, 24.5 ± 4.5mm, and 47.2 ± 4.5mm respectively. Whereas, the mean value for right maxillary human sinus length, width, and height in females were 38.7 ± 4.0mm, 24.3 ± 4.0mm, and 42.6 ± 5.0mm respectively; while for the left was 38.3 ± 4.0mm, 23.6 ± 4.2mm, and 44.1 ± 4.7mm respectively. High significant differences (p≤0.05) recorded among age groups for length of both sides of both genders, width in left sinus of both genders, height of right side of both genders, and finally height of left side in females. Conclusion: Maxillary sinus dimensions measured by CT scans revealed a precise recognition of 3D configuration for the sinus that may be useful as a specific identification feature of any human individual.

scholarly journals Hepatitis E viral infection in pregnant ladies, a challenge for obstetricians and physicians

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Samia Jamil ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Sajid Jehangir ◽  
Hamza Naeem ◽  
Mahliqa Maqsud ◽  
Mehwish Ayyaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Mean

Background: Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnancy. The virus was detected about three decades ago. The incidence and severity during pregnancy vary widely around the world.Material & Methods: This observational retrospective study was conducted from March 2019 to February 2020 in Obstetrics & Gynecology Department of Lady Aitchison Hospital, Lahore. 70 pregnant women with hepatitis E were subjected to detailed history taking. The diagnosis was based on positive Hepatitis E IgM (Anti HEV IgM) antibody on laboratory test in current pregnancy in antenatal period up to 42 days post partum were included.Results: Out of 70 pregnant women with Hep E IgM+ve, 3 (4.3%) women had Obstetrical hysterectomy as complications, with mean age of 26.0 ± 4.69 years. The mean gestational age when infection occurred was 31.12 ± 5.18 weeks. Among all females 9 (13%) patients expired due to fulminant hepatic failure, 12 (17.14%) females gave birth via spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD),17(24.2%) females gave birth via C-Section. 30 (42.8%) females were manage conservatively.Conclusion: Hepatitis E viral infection in pregnant females is a life threatening condition. The study showed that pregnant women with jaundice and hepatitis E virus infection had a high mortality rate during third trimester. Early diagnosis and management will help in the control of the disease and prevents its complications.   

THE EXTRACTION OF PROLACTIN FROM HUMAN PITUITARY GLANDS

1965 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Apostolakis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
List Type ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Isoelectric Precipitation ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Prolactin Content ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT A method for the extraction of prolactin from human pituitary glands is described. It is based on acetone drying, distilled water extraction, acetone and isoelectric precipitation. Two main products are obtained: Fraction R8 with a mean prolactin activity of 12.2 IU/mg and fraction U8 with a mean prolactin activity of 8.6 IU/mg. The former fraction does not contain any significant gonadotrophin activity and the latter contains on an average 50 HMG U/mg. In both cases contamination with ACTH and MSH is minimal. The growth hormone activity of both these fractions is low. It is postulated that in man too, prolactin and growth hormone are two distinct hormones. A total of 1250 human pituitary glands have been processed by this method. The mean prolactin content per pituitary gland has been found to be 73 IU.

Studies of the oestrous cycle, oestrus and pregnancy in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
SD Johnston ◽  
MR McGowan ◽  
P O'Callaghan ◽  
R Cox ◽  
V Nicolson
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations

As an integral part of the development of an artificial insemination programme in the captive koala, female reproductive physiology and behaviour were studied. The oestrous cycle in non-mated and mated koalas was characterized by means of behavioural oestrus, morphology of external genitalia and changes in the peripheral plasma concentrations of oestradiol and progestogen. The mean (+/- SEM) duration of the non-mated oestrous cycle and duration of oestrus in 12 koalas was 32.9 +/- 1.1 (n = 22) and 10.3 +/- 0.9 (n = 24) days, respectively. Although the commencement of oestrous behaviour was associated with increasing or high concentrations of oestradiol, there were no consistent changes in the morphology or appearance of the clitoris, pericloacal region, pouch or mammary teats that could be used to characterize the non-mated cycle. As progestogen concentrations remained at basal values throughout the interoestrous period, non-mated cycles were considered non-luteal and presumed anovulatory. After mating of the 12 koalas, six females gave birth with a mean (+/- SEM) gestation of 34.8 +/- 0.3 days, whereas the remaining six non-parturient females returned to oestrus 49.5 +/- 1. 0 days later. After mating, oestrous behaviour ceased and the progestogen profile showed a significant increase in both pregnant and non-parturient females, indicating that a luteal phase had been induced by the physical act of mating. Progestogen concentrations throughout the luteal phase of the pregnant females were significantly higher than those of non-parturient females. Parturition was associated with a decreasing concentration of progestogen, which was increased above that of basal concentrations until 7 days post partum.

Correlations Between the Values of Maternal Glycemia from the Last Trimester of Pregnancy and Fetal Birth Weight

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-265
Author(s):  
Monica Vereş ◽  
Aurel Babeş ◽  
Szidonia Lacziko
Keyword(s):  
First Trimester ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Fetal Macrosomia ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group I ◽  
Fetal Birth Weight ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background and aims: Gestational diabetes represents a form of diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy that is not clearly overt diabetes. In the last trimester of gestation the growth of fetoplacental unit takes place, thus maternal hyperglycemia will determine an increased transplacental passage, hyperinsulinemia and fetal macrosomia. The aim of our study was that o analyzing the effect of maternal glycemia from the last trimester of pregnancy over fetal weight. Material and method: We run an observational study on a group of 46 pregnant women taken into evidence from the first trimester of pregnancy, separated in two groups according to blood glucose determined in the third trimester (before birth): group I normoglycemic and group II with hyperglycemia (>92mg/dl). Results: The mean value of third trimester glycemia for the entire group was of 87.13±22.03. The mean value of the glycemia determined in the third trimester of pregnancy was higher in the second group (109.17 mg/dl) in comparison to the first group (74.,21 mg/dl). The ROC curve for third trimester glycemia as fetal macrosomia appreciation test has an AUC of 0.517. Conclusions: Glycemia determined in the last trimester of pregnancy cannot be used alone as the predictive factor for fetal macrosomia.

scholarly journals Overestimation of grey matter atrophy in glioblastoma patients following radio(chemo)therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gommlich ◽  
F. Raschke ◽  
J. Petr ◽  
A. Seidlitz ◽  
C. Jentsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumour ◽  
Contralateral Hemisphere ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Segmentation Accuracy ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Grey Matter Atrophy ◽  
Abnormal Tissue

Abstract Objective Brain atrophy has the potential to become a biomarker for severity of radiation-induced side-effects. Particularly brain tumour patients can show great MRI signal changes over time caused by e.g. oedema, tumour progress or necrosis. The goal of this study was to investigate if such changes affect the segmentation accuracy of normal appearing brain and thus influence longitudinal volumetric measurements. Materials and methods T1-weighted MR images of 52 glioblastoma patients with unilateral tumours acquired before and three months after the end of radio(chemo)therapy were analysed. GM and WM volumes in the contralateral hemisphere were compared between segmenting the whole brain (full) and the contralateral hemisphere only (cl) with SPM and FSL. Relative GM and WM volumes were compared using paired t tests and correlated with the corresponding mean dose in GM and WM, respectively. Results Mean GM atrophy was significantly higher for full segmentation compared to cl segmentation when using SPM (mean ± std: ΔVGM,full = − 3.1% ± 3.7%, ΔVGM,cl = − 1.6% ± 2.7%; p < 0.001, d = 0.62). GM atrophy was significantly correlated with the mean GM dose with the SPM cl segmentation (r = − 0.4, p = 0.004), FSL full segmentation (r = − 0.4, p = 0.004) and FSL cl segmentation (r = -0.35, p = 0.012) but not with the SPM full segmentation (r = − 0.23, p = 0.1). Conclusions For accurate normal tissue volume measurements in brain tumour patients using SPM, abnormal tissue needs to be masked prior to segmentation, however, this is not necessary when using FSL.

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