Psychosocial Factors and Sex Differences in High Academic Attainment at Cambridge University

2002 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Surtees ◽  
N. W. J. Wainwright ◽  
P. D. P. Pharoah
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Academic Attainment ◽  
Cambridge University

Psychosocial Factors, Sex Differences, and Atherosclerosis

1996 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 598-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay R. Kaplan ◽  
Michael R. Adams ◽  
Thomas B. Clarkson ◽  
Stephen B. Manuck ◽  
Carol A. Shively ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Psychosocial Factors

scholarly journals Effect of sex on specialty training application outcomes: a longitudinal administrative data study of UK medical graduates

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e025004
Author(s):  
Katherine Woolf ◽  
Hirosha Jayaweera ◽  
Emily Unwin ◽  
Karim Keshwani ◽  
Christopher Valerio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Academic Attainment ◽  
Specialty Training ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
Training Programmes

ObjectivesTo examine sex differences in the specialty training recruitment outcomes of UK medical graduates; and whether sex differences were explained by prior academic attainment and previous fitness to practise (FtP) declarations.DesignRetrospective longitudinal cohort study.SettingAdministrative data on entrants to all UK medical schools from the UK Medical Education Database.Participants10 559 doctors (6 155; 58% female) who entered a UK medical school in 2007 or 2008 and were eligible to apply for specialty training by 2015.Primary outcome measureOdds of application, offer and acceptance to any specialty training programme, and on to each of the nine largest training programmes, adjusting for sex, other demographics, prior academic attainment, FtP declaration and medical school.ResultsAcross all specialties, there were no sex differences in applications for specialty training, but women had increased odds of getting an offer (OR=1.40; 95% CI=1.25 to 1.57; p<0.001) and accepting one (OR=1.43; 95% CI=1.19 to 1.71; p<0.001). Seven of the nine largest specialties showed significant sex differences in applications, which remained after adjusting for other factors. In the adjusted models, Paediatrics (OR=1.57; 95% CI=1.01 to 2.46; p=0.046) and general practice (GP) (OR=1.23; 95% CI=1.03 to 1.46; p=0.017) were the only specialties to show sex differences in offers, both favouring women. GP alone showed sex differences in acceptances, with women being more likely to accept (OR=1.34; 95% CI=1.03 to 1.76; p=0.03). Doctors with an FtP declaration were slightly less likely to apply to specialty training overall (OR=0.84; 95% CI=0.71 to 1.00; p=0.048) and less likely to accept an offer to any programme (OR=0.71; 95% CI=0.52 to 0.98; p=0.036), after adjusting for confounders.ConclusionsSex segregation between medical specialties is due to differential application, although research is needed to understand why men are less likely to be offered a place on to GP and Paediatrics training, and if offered GP are less likely to accept.

Seasonal variation in suicide rates by cause and sex

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Araki ◽  
H. Aono ◽  
K. Murata ◽  
I. Shikata ◽  
Y. Mitsukuni
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Car Exhaust ◽  
Males And Females

SummarySeasonal variations in cause- and age-specific suicide rates in males and females were analysed in Osaka, Japan, for the years 1974–83, using profile analysis. Significant cause differences were found in males: (1) the rate for poisoning by domestic, car-exhaust or other gases was high in winter and spring and low in summer and autumn; (2) the rate for hanging, strangulation and suffocation was low in winter; (3) the rate for a variety of violent methods (chemicals, firearms, drowning, etc.) was high in summer. Similarly, there were sex differences in the variation for causes (2) and (3) and for ages 40–54. No significant age difference was found in either sex. Seasonal differences in the ease of suicidal methods and sex- and season-specific psychosocial factors were thought to be the major determinant of the seasonal variation.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL GENDER DIFFERENCES IN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF MIGRAINE AND TENSION TYPE HEADACHE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Restu Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Primary Headache ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
Type Headache ◽  
Underlying Diseases

<p><em>Headache is one of the most common symtomps which cause patients consult a neurologist. Primary headache is headache without other underlying diseases. Primary headaches can be divided into migraine headaches, tension</em><em> </em><em>types-headache, trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, and other types of headaches. Sex differences play a role in the perception of headache. Theories regarding hormonal, the number of pain-sensitive points, subjectivity, and psychosocial factors are mostly related to the differences of migraine and TTH pathophysiology between women and men.</em></p>

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