An update on host immunity correlates and prospects of re-infection in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Neema Negi ◽  
Shesh Prakash Maurya ◽  
Ravinder Singh ◽  
Bimal Kumar Das
Keyword(s):  
Host Immunity

Sleep Disturbance During Infection Compromises Tfh Differentiation: Impact on Host Immunity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Ruz Fernandes ◽  
Marcela Luize Barbosa ◽  
Marcelo Pires Amaral ◽  
juliana Souza Apostolico ◽  
Fernando Bandeira Sulczewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Host Immunity

Metapneumovirus humano: epidemiología y posibles tratamientos profilácticos

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Marcela Solís-Rodríguez ◽  
Ángel G. Alpuche-Solís ◽  
Rocío G. Tirado-Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Antigenic Determinant ◽  
Prophylactic Treatment ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antiviral Peptides ◽  
Fusion Glycoprotein

In 2001 in the Netherlands, Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) was identified as a “new” etiologic agent causing acute respiratory infections in children younger than 5 years old; however, it has also been isolated in the elderly and immunocompromised people. This virus is considered the second etiological agent in acute diseases of the respiratory tract. Currently, the estimated cost of IRAs in our country is of 9,000USD per inpatient. hMPV is a member of the genus Metapneumovirus, family Pneumoviridae, and it belongs to the order Mononegavirales that is part of the negative single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus, consisting of eight genes ordered: 3’-N-P-M-FM2-SH-G-L-5 ‘, and which encodes for 9 proteins. Of these proteins, the F fusion glycoprotein is highly conserved in the genus Metapneumovirus, and is the major antigenic determinant, and because an approved vaccine doesn’t exist, it has been used as a candidate epitope for the design of a vaccine that confers host immunity or as a therapeutic target in the creation of antiviral peptides that inhibit the fusion of the virus to its target cell and to avoid infection in subjects at high risk of contagion since there is currently none accepted by COFEPRIS as a prophylactic treatment against hMPV. Key words: hMPV; respiratory infections; epitopes; protein F;vaccines.

scholarly journals TLR2 and TLR4 as Potential Biomarkers of Environmental Particulate Matter Exposed Human Myeloid Dendritic Cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 117727190700200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A. Williams ◽  
Chris Cheadle ◽  
Tonya Watkins ◽  
Anitaben Tailor ◽  
Smruti Killedar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Tlr4 Expression ◽  
Myeloid Dendritic Cells ◽  
Critical Function ◽  
Danger Signals ◽  
Particulate Pollution ◽  
And Function ◽  
Biomarkers Of Effect ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

In many subjects who are genetically susceptible to asthma, exposure to environmental stimuli may exacerbate their condition. However, it is unknown how the expression and function of a family of pattern-recognition receptors called toll-like receptors (TLR) are affected by exposure to particulate pollution. TLRs serve a critical function in alerting the immune system of tissue damage or infection—the so-called “danger signals”. We are interested in the role that TLRs play in directing appropriate responses by innate immunity, particularly dendritic cells (DC), after exposing them to particulate pollution. Dendritic cells serve a pivotal role in directing host immunity. Thus, we hypothesized that alterations in TLR expression could be further explored as potential biomarkers of effect related to DC exposure to particulate pollution. We show some preliminary data that indicates that inhaled particulate pollution acts directly on DC by down-regulating TLR expression and altering the activation state of DC. While further studies are warranted, we suggest that alterations in TLR2 and TLR4 expression should be explored as potential biomarkers of DC exposure to environmental particulate pollution.

scholarly journals Rapid evolution and host immunity drive the rise and fall of carbapenem resistance during an acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Wheatley ◽  
Julio Diaz Caballero ◽  
Natalia Kapel ◽  
Fien H. R. de Winter ◽  
Pramod Jangir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Loss Of Resistance ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infection ◽  
Second Wave

AbstractIt is well established that antibiotic treatment selects for resistance, but the dynamics of this process during infections are poorly understood. Here we map the responses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to treatment in high definition during a lung infection of a single ICU patient. Host immunity and antibiotic therapy with meropenem suppressed P. aeruginosa, but a second wave of infection emerged due to the growth of oprD and wbpM meropenem resistant mutants that evolved in situ. Selection then led to a loss of resistance by decreasing the prevalence of low fitness oprD mutants, increasing the frequency of high fitness mutants lacking the MexAB-OprM efflux pump, and decreasing the copy number of a multidrug resistance plasmid. Ultimately, host immunity suppressed wbpM mutants with high meropenem resistance and fitness. Our study highlights how natural selection and host immunity interact to drive both the rapid rise, and fall, of resistance during infection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document