Non-Income Poverty Among the Elderly

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 192-210
Author(s):  
P. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
TONY FAHEY ◽  
BRIAN NOLAN ◽  
BERTRAND MÂITRE

Previous research has suggested that hidden income arising from home ownership has important consequences for poverty measurement as it tends to favour certain low income groups, especially the elderly, and to have a moderating effect on poverty rates in countries with high levels of home ownership. This article explores both methodological and substantive aspects of this issue using data for 14 EU countries drawn from the European Community Household Panel Survey 1996. Methodologically, in the absence of data needed to estimate hidden income from housing directly, it explores the validity of using a housing expenditures approach to take account of the income effects of housing in a poverty measurement context. Substantively, it examines whether poverty measured in this way in the 14 countries in the data set differs in expected directions from poverty as conventionally measured. The substantive effects are found to be modest overall and to conform only partially to expectations. Certain methodological problems raise a question mark over these findings, such as variation across countries in the degree to which mortgage payments capture the cost of house purchase for home owners. The article concludes that the distributive effects of housing are important for poverty measurement but need to be better understood within each country before attempting cross-country analysis.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Alberto Lozano Alcántara ◽  
Claudia Vogel

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nélida Redondo ◽  
Sagrario Garay ◽  
Verónica Montes de Oca

La transición demográfica ha derivado en el progresivo envejecimiento de las poblaciones de los países de América Latina y el Caribe. Hasta el momento se desconoce cuál será el impacto del envejecimiento demográfico en las sociedades con menor afluencia de recursos económicos y, aún más, en contextos de pobreza. Según los estudios de historia demográfica, una de las consecuencias del envejecimiento poblacional es el cambio en las modalidades y configuraciones de los arreglos familiares en los que residen las personas adultas mayores. En este artículo se analizan comparativamente los tipos de hogar y allegamiento generacional de convivencia de las personas mayores en México y Argentina y, a su vez, en las regiones que conforman cada uno de estos países. Se contrasta el tipo de hogar, las modalidades de allegamiento generacional y el nivel de envejecimiento demográfico regional con las características de las poblaciones de adultos mayores seleccionadas: a) pobreza por ingresos, b) cobertura previsional y c) cobertura de salud. Asimismo, se elaboró un modelo logístico multinomial para estimar la probabilidad relativa de residir en distintos tipos de hogar considerando como variables independientes: a) el sexo, b) edad, c) el nivel educativo y d) las regiones de residencia. El propósito del análisis comparado es documentar el impacto del envejecimiento demográfico y del desarrollo económico y social de las regiones en las modalidades de allegamiento residencial de las personas adultas mayores en dos países de América Latina y el Caribe. AbstractThe demographic transition has led to the progressive aging of the populations of Latin America and Caribbean countries. The impact of demographic aging in societies with fewer economic resources, particularly in contexts of poverty, is as yet unknown. Accord-ing to demographic history studies, one of the consequences of population aging is the change in the forms and configurations of the family arrangements in which the elderly population resides. This article undertakes a comparative analysis of the types of house-hold and generational coexistence of the elderly in Mexico and Argentina, as well as the regions comprising each of these countries. It contrasts the type of household, patterns of generational coexistence and level of regional demographic aging with the characteristics of the elderly populations selected: a) income poverty, b) pension coverage and c) health coverage. A multinomial logistic model was also developed to estimate the relative prob-ability of living in different household types, considering the following as independent variables: a) sex, b) age; c) educational attainment and d) regions of residence. The purpose of the comparative analysis is to document the impact of demographic ageing and the economic and social development of the regions on the residential coexistence arrangements of older adults in two countries in Latin America and the Caribbean.


2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koon-Shing Kwong ◽  
Wai-Sum Chan ◽  
Johnny Siu-Hang Li

Abstract The Hong Kong Mortgage Corporation (HKMC) Limited, which was established in March 1997 and is wholly owned by the government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, has a major mission to develop and provide different financial retirement instruments to Hong Kong residents to help address the income poverty of retirees. In June 2017, HKMC Annuity Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the HKMC was incorporated to implement a new life annuity scheme which would be launched by mid-2018 to cater for the needs of cash-rich Hong Kong old age residents. The objective of the scheme is to provide an additional financial retirement planning option with minimum credit risk and a certain level of liquidity to the elderly by turning lump-sum premiums into lifetime streams of monthly income at a reasonable and stable return rate. In this paper, we establish an actuarial framework to model this life annuity scheme. The framework enables us to estimate the monthly annuity payments one might receive for a certain amount of investment. It also allows us to analyze the risk entailed in the product, thus shedding light on how the underlying risk can be managed through product design. Our findings will help potential subscribers to understand the scheme and decide whether this scheme should be included in their retirement investment portfolios when it is launched in 2018.


Author(s):  
J. Jacob ◽  
M.F.M. Ismail

Ultrastructural changes have been shown to occur in the urinary bladder epithelium (urothelium) during the life span of humans. With increasing age, the luminal surface becomes more flexible and develops simple microvilli-like processes. Furthermore, the specialised asymmetric structure of the luminal plasma membrane is relatively more prominent in the young than in the elderly. The nature of the changes at the luminal surface is now explored by lectin-mediated adsorption visualised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Samples of young adult (21-31 y old) and elderly (58-82 y old) urothelia were fixed in buffered 2% glutaraldehyde for 10 m and washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing Ca++ and Mg++ at room temperature. They were incubated overnight at 4°C in 0.1 M ammonium chloride in PBS to block any remaining aldehyde groups. The samples were then allowed to stand in PBS at 37°C for 2 h before incubation at 37°C for 30 m with lectins. The lectins used were concanavalin A (Con A), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) at a concentration of 500 mg/ml in PBS at pH 7.A.


1988 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 516-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Mann ◽  
TJ Bomberg ◽  
JM Holtzman ◽  
DB Berkey
Keyword(s):  

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