The Other Super Power The Soviet Union And Latin America 1917–1987

A decade ago it was possible to argue with some confidence not only that the Soviet Union and the United States had spheres of influence but also that they had a tacit understanding about them. The existence of a tacit understanding seemed to be confirmed, for instance, at the time of the invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, in that while the United States denounced the Soviet action it nevertheless acquiesced in it. At that time it could be claimed that the Soviet Union had merely acted in eastern Europe in the same way as the United States had on various occasions in Latin America, the most recent being the intervention in the Dominican Republic in 1965. Further, the doctrines each power used to justify intervention were alike. The Brezhnev Doctrine justifying the intervention in Czechoslovakia seemed similar to the Johnson Doctrine legitimizing intervention in the Dominican Republic in that both claimed hegemonic rights within a sphere of influence. And from this a reciprocal understanding was inferred about what each would allow the other to do in its respective sphere. Both superpowers denied it. The United States did so because spheres of influence transgress the doctrine of the sovereign equality of states and because the practices associated with them violate the norms of interstate behaviour. The Soviet Union did so because it counterposed the Soviet Union to other socialist States and it would have followed that the Soviet Union would not have been acting, as it claimed, in the interests of socialism.

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Comintern Aesthetics in the Andes: The Indigenous Revolutionary

Science & Society ◽

10.1521/siso.2021.85.4.443 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 85 (4) ◽

pp. 443-473

Author(s):

Anna Björk Einarsdóttir

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Soviet Union ◽

Latin American ◽

Interwar Period ◽

World System ◽

Political Connections ◽

Cesar Vallejo ◽

The Core ◽

The Andes ◽

The Soviet Union

The fight against imperialism and racism was central to the Comintern's political and cultural program of the interwar period. Although the more immediate interests of the Soviet state would come to overshadow such causes, the cultural and political connections forged during this time influenced later forms of organizing. Throughout the interwar period (1918-39), the Soviet Union served as the core location of a newly formed world-system of socialist and communist radicalism. The origin of Latin American Marxism in the work of the Peruvian theorist and political organizer José Carlos Mariátegui, as well as the politically committed literature associated with the interwar communist left in the Andean region of Latin America, shows how literature and theory devoted to the indigenous revolutionary contributed to interwar Marxist debates. The interwar influence of Mariátegui and César Vallejo makes clear the importance of resisting attempts to drive a wedge between the two authors and the broader communist movement at the time.

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Communist International, the Soviet Union, and their impact on the Latin America Workers' Movement

Tensões Mundiais ◽

10.33956/tensoesmundiais.v13i24.360 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 67-106

Author(s):

Dan La Botz

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Soviet Union ◽

Latin American ◽

Socialist Society ◽

Ruling Class ◽

The Soviet Union ◽

Adverse Influence

The Soviet Union and the Communist International had an adverse influence on the Latin American workers’ movement, continually diverting it fighting for a emocratic socialist society. They subordinated the workers’ movements to the interests of the Soviet Union’s ruling class, the Communist bureaucracy. At one oment, they led the workers’ movement in disastrous uprisings, while in a subsequent era they encouraged it to build alliances with capitalist and imperialist power.

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Mental health services in Azerbaijan

International Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/s1749367600006603 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 16-17

Author(s):

Fuad Ismayilov

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Soviet Union ◽

Mental Health Services ◽

Health Services ◽

Caspian Sea ◽

Total Population ◽

The Other ◽

The Caspian Sea ◽

The North ◽

The Soviet Union

Azerbaijan is a nation with a Turkic population which regained its independence after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. It has an area of approximately 86 000 km2. Georgia and Armenia, the other countries comprising the Transcaucasian region, border Azerbaijan to the north and west, respectively. Russia also borders the north, Iran and Turkey the south, and the Caspian Sea borders the east. The total population is about 8 million. The largest ethnic group is Azeri, comprising 90% of the population; Dagestanis comprise 3.2%, Russians 2.5%, Armenians 2% and others 2.3%.

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Dal nostro inviato in Unione Sovietica

10.30687/978-88-6969-234-5 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Alberto Zava

Keyword(s):

Soviet Union ◽

Travel Literature ◽

The Other ◽

The Soviet Union ◽

Close Relationship ◽

The Many ◽

Newspaper Articles

Writings by three Italian journalist-authors provide an evocative picture of the Soviet Union during the ’50s and ’60s, interpreted through different personal styles, analytical systems and reporting techniques. In close relationship with the many-sided reality of the Soviet landscape, the meeting with the ‘other’ (geographically, culturally and in personal terms) allows Enrico Emanuelli, Carlo Levi and Guido Piovene to realise individual volumes of reportage (Emanuelli and Levi) or newspaper articles (Piovene) poised between travel literature and the informative-journalistic dimension.

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The Theme of Repatriation of Jews from the USSR in the Soviet Media as a Manifestation of Media Propaganda in the 1970s (the Сase of the Izvestiya)

Humanitarian Vector ◽

10.21209/1996-7853-2020-15-5-135-148 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 135-148

Author(s):

Strovsky Dmitry L. ◽

◽

Antoshin Alexey V. ◽

Keyword(s):

Soviet Union ◽

Editorial Policy ◽

The Other ◽

Political Activity ◽

Soviet Period ◽

Mass Consciousness ◽

The Soviet Union ◽

Russian Media ◽

Soviet Ideology ◽

Empirical Material

This article analyzes the substantive approaches used by the Soviet press when reflecting the topic of the repatriation of Jews from the USSR to Israel in the 1970s. This period is of particular importance in the course of studying information propaganda as an independent socio-political activity aimed at the formation of a certain type of mass consciousness. During this period, information propaganda of the Soviet mass media was perceived as an essential basis for strengthening ideological and political positions of the Soviet Union by leveling the complexities of its daily life. The study of how exactly these media promoted the topic of repatriation seems to be new in the study of the information space. The disclosure of this topic through the use of extensive empirical material enables to see the patterns of development of this space at the final stage of the Soviet period, which in turn, determines the relevance of the study in modern conditions, when manipulative priorities anew have become noticeable in the practice of the Russian media. The authors envisage the editorial policy of such an influential central newspaper as Izvestia. This publication, like all the other Soviet media, was attached to propaganda priorities, which predetermined manipulative approaches when covering the topic of repatriation. In order to determine the main trends of manipulative influence, we used structural-functional and systemic methods, as well as a method of content analysis, which together afford to see the patterns of development of the Soviet print media in the disclosure of the topic presented in the title of this article. The results of the research are not only theoretically but practically oriented, since they provide understanding of effective methods of influencing the audience and using them in everyday media practice. Keywords: media, Soviet ideology, propaganda, manipulation, class approach, Zionism, Jews

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Introduction

Kissinger and Latin America ◽

10.7591/cornell/9781501706295.003.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Stephen G. Rabe

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Soviet Union ◽

South America ◽

National Security ◽

Western Europe ◽

Latin Americans ◽

The Soviet Union ◽

Foreign Policies ◽

History Of

This introductory chapter provides an overview of U.S. policies toward Latin America during Henry Kissinger's career as national security adviser and secretary of state. Henri Kissinger directed inter-American relations between 1969 and 1977. Like his predecessors, Kissinger judged relations with Western Europe, the Soviet Union, and China as strategically more important than relations with Latin America. But Kissinger launched noteworthy initiatives, such as the attempt to normalize relations with Cuba and to transfer the canal to Panama. The Kissinger years were also historically significant for Latin Americans. The 1970s represented the most violent period in the history of post-independence (1825) South America. This book provides a comprehensive investigation of the foreign policies of the Nixon and Ford administrations toward Latin America and Kissinger's central role in formulating and implementing those policies.

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Ivanov, Viacheslav Ivanovich (1866–1949)

Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy ◽

10.4324/9780415249126-e076-1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Bird

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Soviet Union ◽

Literary Theory ◽

Roman Catholic ◽

The Other ◽

Religious Thought ◽

Classical Scholar ◽

Literary Movement ◽

The Soviet Union ◽

Aleksandr Blok

Viacheslav Ivanov was a leading theoretician of the symbolist literary movement and a prominent figure in the renaissance of religious thought in Russia at the turn of the twentieth century. A classical scholar by training, and erudite poet by vocation, Ivanov became known as an acolyte of Nietzsche. Later, along with the other ‘younger’ symbolists Aleksandr Blok and Andrei Belyi, Ivanov presented himself as a disciple of Vladimir Solov’ëv’s idealistic metaphysics and theurgic aesthetics. In the 1910s Ivanov achieved a proto-hermeneutic conception of art, which was the basis of his groundbreaking writings on Dostoevskii. After emigrating from the Soviet Union in 1924 Ivanov became a Roman Catholic and achieved some notoriety in Catholic intellectual circles between the wars. His powerful influence is evident in many contemporary and later thinkers in fields ranging from aesthetics and literary theory to philosophy and theology.

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6. Maintaining the Spheres of Influence

International Relations Since 1945 ◽

10.1093/hepl/9780198807612.003.0006 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 159-177

Author(s):

John W. Young ◽

John Kent

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Soviet Union ◽

Western Europe ◽

The United States ◽

Spheres Of Influence ◽

Nikita Khrushchev ◽

The Soviet Union ◽

The Us ◽

The Cold War ◽

East West

This chapter examines how the United States and the Soviet Union tried to maintain their respective spheres of influence during the Cold War, especially in three regions: Eastern Europe, Western Europe, and Latin America. The death of Joseph Stalin and the assumption of power by the triumvirate of Lavrenti Beria, Nikita Khrushchev, and Georgi Malenkov resulted in a fresh approach to domestic issues and to the nature of Soviet control over its European satellites. The apparent change produced a new Soviet approach to East–West relations. The chapter first considers how the new Soviet leadership addressed the crisis in East Germany before analysing American influence in Western Europe and US relations with Latin America. The discussion covers themes and events such as the Soviet policy on Hungary and Poland, the Messina Conference and the Spaak Committee, nuclear cooperation and multilateral force, and the US response to the Cuban Revolution.

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