scholarly journals Estimated annual and lifetime labor productivity in the United States, 2016: implications for economic evaluations

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D. Grosse ◽  
Kurt V. Krueger ◽  
Jamison Pike
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Evaluations

scholarly journals Does wage reflect labor productivity? A comparison between Brazil and the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDRE GORI MAIA ◽  
ARTHUR SAKAMOTO
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Wage Differentials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Economic Cycles ◽  
Productivity Differentials ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT The study compares the relationship between wages and labor productivity for different categories of workers in Brazil and in the U.S. Analyses highlight to what extent the equilibrium between wages and productivity is related to the degree of economic development. Wages in the U.S. has shown to be more attached to labor productivity, while Brazil has experienced several economic cycles were average earnings grew initially much faster than labor productivity, suddenly falling down in the subsequent years. Analyses also stress how wage differentials, in fact, match productivity differentials for certain occupational groups, while for others they do not.

scholarly journals Economic Evaluations of Mental Health Programs for Children and Adolescents in the United States: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Sung ◽  
Corinne Kacmarek ◽  
Jessica L. Schleider
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Mental Health Interventions

The United States spent 201 billion dollars on mental health related concerns in 2013, ranking mental illness as the leading cause of disability and the single largest source of economic burden worldwide. With mental health-related treatment costs and economic burden only projected to rise, there is an increasing need for cost-inclusive evaluations of mental health interventions specific to the United States as economic evaluations across countries are not easily comparable. Thus, this systematic, descriptive review characterized the types of interventions, target populations, and the quality of 9 economic evaluation studies (e.g., cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit) of youth mental health services conducted in the United States from 2003 to 2019. Existing evaluations suggest that certain mental health interventions for youth, among the few that have been formally evaluated, may be cost-effective and cost-beneficial. However, the small number and mixed quality of eligible studies highlights a dearth of rigorously conductedeconomic evaluations on this topic, variability in cost and outcome assessment approaches, as well as the homogenous characteristics of interventions evaluated. Greater standardization is needed to increase confidence in these conclusions and generate a body of meaningful, quality research that has the potential to shape evidence-based mental health policy.

scholarly journals Malaria Eradication in the Americas: A Retrospective Analysis of Childhood Exposure

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoyt Bleakley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Predominant Role ◽  
Childhood Exposure ◽  
Malaria Eradication

This study uses the malaria-eradication campaigns in the United States (circa 1920) and in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico (circa 1955) to measure how much childhood exposure to malaria depresses labor productivity. The campaigns began because of advances in health technology, which mitigates concerns about reverse causality. Malarious areas saw large drops in the disease thereafter. Relative to non-malarious areas, cohorts born after eradication had higher income as adults than the preceding generation. These cross-cohort changes coincided with childhood exposure to the campaigns rather than to pre-existing trends. Estimates suggest a substantial, though not predominant, role for malaria in explaining cross-region differences in income. (JEL I12, I18, J13, O15)

scholarly journals Unequality

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I. Norton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Health Care Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Rich People ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
State Of Affairs

Who should get what, and what are the consequences? Economic inequality in the United States has been rising for decades, yet only recently have behavioral scientists explored two central questions surrounding the optimal level of inequality. First, what are the effects of increased inequality on citizens’ decisions and behavior? Second, what do citizens believe the “ideal” level of inequality should be? Critical input comes from better understanding increased inequality’s impact on the overall health of the economy—such as labor productivity—and assessing citizens’ preferences for distributing assets—such as income and wealth. Inequality’s impacts and citizens’ preferences inform the likely effects (and likely voter acceptance) of policies that affect inequality, from taxation to spending on education and health care. Research reveals that Americans from all walks of life—rich and poor, liberal and conservative—endorse unequality: unequal outcomes (rich people have more than poor people) but far less inequality than the current state of affairs. For example, the actual pay ratio of CEOs to unskilled workers in the United States is 354:1, but Americans report an ideal ratio of 7:1—unequal, but more equal. Moreover, research shows that increasing inequality often has negative effects: decreasing motivation and labor productivity, impairing decision making, and increasing ethical lapses. In sum, behavioral research supports the benefits of policies aimed at achieving unequality.

The Labor Productivity Effects of Chronic Backache in the United States

Medical Care ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1471-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Rizzo ◽  
Thomas A. Abbott ◽  
Marc L. Berger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
The United States
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