Turkey and the ‘Maghrebization’ of the European economic community: the 1978 suspension of the association agreement

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Arda Ozansoy
Keyword(s):  
European Economic Community ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
European Economic

The Association Agreements of the European Communities: A Comparative Analysis

1965 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Feld
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
European Economic ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Energy Community

Since the establishment of the three European Communities (the European Coal and Steel Community [ECSC] in 1952 and the European Economic Community [EEC] and the European Atomic Energy Community [Euratom] in 1958) four agreements of association with non-member states have been concluded. The first of these was signed by ECSC and the United Kingdom on December 21, 1954. The other three agreements, concluded by EEC with Greece, with a number of newly independent African states and Madagascar, and with Turkey, were signed on July 9, 1961, July 20, 1963, and September 12, 1963, respectively. During the last few years other countries in Europe and Africa have expressed a desire to become associated with EEC, and preliminary discussions that may eventually result in additional association agreements are now under way with Austria, Nigeria, Kenya, Tanganyika, and Uganda. Only Euratom has so far refrained from negotiating an association agreement although the Euratom Treaty contains provisions identical to those of the EEC Treaty for the conclusion of such agreements.

Membership Eligibility in a Europe of Parliamentary Democracies, 1962–1969

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-158
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Trade Union ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Parliamentary Democracies ◽  
Turkish Economy ◽  
Union Activists ◽  
The 1960S

This chapter uses extensive archival evidence to demonstrate how the membership norm adopted by the community in early 1962—that only parliamentary democracies are eligible for membership—shaped European Economic Community decisions on Spain, Turkey, and Greece in the 1960s. Despite its prior openness to Madrid, the EEC rejected Spain’s quest for association in 1962 after trade union activists and members of the European parliament highlighted the gap between the new norm and the repressiveness of the Spanish regime. Despite deep concerns about the under-developed state of the Turkish economy, the EEC approved an association agreement in 1963 that recognized Turkey’s membership eligibility after the country re-established its democratic institutions. And despite the advanced state of the association agreement with Greece, the EEC froze further developments following that country’s military coup in 1967 and linked further progress to a restoration of democracy in Athens.

Programming the Common Market: The Making and Failure of a ‘Dirigiste’ Europe, 1957–1967

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Hugo Canihac
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
European Economic ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

This article contributes to the debate about the history of the political economy of the European Economic Community (EEC). It retraces the efforts during the early years of the EEC to implement a form of ‘European economic programming’, that is, a more ‘dirigiste’ type of economic governance than is usually associated with European integration. Based on a variety of archives, it offers a new account of the making and failure of this project. It argues that, at the time, the idea of economic programming found many supporters, but its implementation largely failed for political as well as practical reasons. In so doing, it also brings to light the role of economists during the early years of European integration.

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