The behavior of police: class, race, and discretion in drug enforcement

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Walter Campbell ◽  
Elizabeth Griffiths ◽  
Joshua Hinkle
Keyword(s):  
Drug Enforcement

Detection of 30 Fentanyl Analogs by Commercial Immunoassay Kits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah E Wharton ◽  
Jerry Casbohm ◽  
Ryan Hoffmaster ◽  
Bobby N Brewer ◽  
M G Finn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Overdose Prevention ◽  
Drug Enforcement ◽  
Drug Enforcement Administration ◽  
Preliminary Information ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Powder Samples ◽  
Fentanyl Analogs ◽  
Lateral Flow Assays

Abstract Health-care workers, laboratorians and overdose prevention centers rely on commercial immunoassays to detect the presence of fentanyl; however, the cross-reactivity of fentanyl analogs with these kits is largely unknown. To address this, we conducted a pilot study evaluating the detection of 30 fentanyl analogs and metabolites by 19 commercially available kits (9 lateral flow assays, 7 heterogeneous immunoassays and 3 homogenous immunoassays). The analogs selected for analysis were compiled from the Drug Enforcement Administration and National Forensic Laboratory Information System reports from 2015 to 2018. In general, the immunoassays tested were able to detect their intended fentanyl analog and some closely related analogs, but more structurally diverse analogs, including 4-methoxy-butyryl fentanyl and 3-methylfentanyl, were not well detected. Carfentanil was only detected by kits specifically designed for its recognition. In general, analogs with group additions to the piperidine, or bulky rings or long alkyl chain modifications in the N-aryl or alkyl amide regions, were poorly detected compared to other types of modifications. This preliminary information is useful for screening diagnostic, forensic and unknown powder samples for the presence of fentanyl analogs and guiding future testing improvements.

COCAINE IN JAPAN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. A51-A51
Keyword(s):  
Health Ministry ◽  
Drug Enforcement ◽  
Cocaine Use

Cocaine use is rising in Japan, and record quantities of the drug are being seized, Japanese drug-enforcement agencies said. The amount of cocaine smuggled into Japan in the first 10 months of last year was 66 times higher than for the same 1988 period, officials at the Health Ministry and police headquarters said, without giving figures. Police confiscated a record 30 pounds of cocaine and arrested 80 people in cocaine-related cases between last January and October. They seized 60 pounds of heroin and 934 pounds of marijuana in the same period.

scholarly journals Methadone Distribution Trends from 2017-2019 in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Furst ◽  
Nicholas J. Mynarski ◽  
Kenneth L. McCall ◽  
Brian J. Piper
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Drug Enforcement ◽  
The Us

AbstractObjectiveMethadone is an evidence based treatment for opioid use disorder and is also employed for acute pain. The primary objective of this study was to explore methadone distribution patterns between the years 2017 and 2019 across the United States (US). This study builds upon previous literature that has analyzed prior years of US distribution patterns, and further outlines regional and state specific methadone trends.MethodsThe Drug Enforcement Administration’s Automated Reports and Consolidated Ordering System (ARCOS) was used to acquire the number of narcotic treatment programs (NTPs) per state and methadone distribution weight in grams. Methadone distribution by weight, corrected for state populations, and number of NTPs were compared from 2017 to 2019 between states, within regions, and nationally.ResultsBetween 2017 and 2019, the national distribution of methadone increased 12.30% for NTPs but decreased 34.57% for pain, for a total increase of 2.66%. While all states saw a decrease in distribution for pain, when compared regionally, the Northeast showed a significantly smaller decrease than all other regions. Additionally, the majority of states experienced an increase in distribution for NTPs and most states demonstrated a relatively stable or increasing number of NTPs, with an 11.49% increase in NTPs nationally. The number of NTPs per 100K in 2019 ranged from 2.08 in Rhode Island to 0.00 in Wyoming.ConclusionAlthough methadone distribution for OUD was increasing in the US, there were pronounced regional disparities.

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