scholarly journals AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF ECCRINE SWEAT GLANDS OF THE CAT FOOT AND TOE PADS—EVIDENCE FOR DUCTAL REABSORPTION IN THE HUMAN

1961 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryce L. Munger ◽  
Saul W. Brusilow
Keyword(s):  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Ductal Cells ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Foot Pad ◽  
Eccrine Sweat Glands ◽  
Eccrine Sweat

The eccrine sweat glands of the cat foot and toe pads have been studied by light and electron microscopy before and after stimulation with mecholyl. The ultrastructure of these glands in the cat is found to be entirely comparable to that in the human (13). The ultrastructure and staining properties of the secretory segment of the two species are identical. The ductal part of the feline gland is shorter and the ductal cells have only scant mitochondria as compared with the human. Since Brusilow et al. (1) have observed that the secretion of the cat foot pad is isotonic as compared with human sweat, which is hypotonic, and since the secretory segments of the two species are structurally identical, the striking difference in the morphology of the duct is regarded as being responsible for the difference in the chemistry of the secretion of the two species. Thus the duct in the human is capable of reabsorbing sodium and chloride.

Ultrastructural localization of alkaline phosphatase activity in human eccrine and apocrine sweat glands.

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 927-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Saga ◽  
Y Morimoto
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Enzyme Cytochemistry ◽  
Alp Activity ◽  
Eccrine Sweat Glands ◽  
Eccrine Sweat

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a membrane-bound enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of inorganic and organic monophosphate esters at alkaline pH. Although the functions of ALP are poorly understood, it is believed to be involved in membrane transport. Because little is known about the functions and distribution of ALP in the sweat glands, we studied the localization of ALP in human sweat glands with light and electron microscopic enzyme cytochemistry. In eccrine sweat glands, ALP was restricted to the cell membranes of intercellular canaliculi. Luminal cell membranes of secretory cells that are in continuity with intercellular canaliculi did not show ALP activity. These results suggest that ALP participates in the production of primary sweat at intercellular canaliculi. In apocrine sweat glands, basal cell membranes of secretory cells and myoepithelial cell membranes that were in apposition with each other showed ALP activity, where as no activity was seen in eccrine sweat glands. These differences in the distribution of ALP in myoepithelial cells between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands might be related to the functional differences of these sweat glands. ALP histochemistry could help to diagnose and to determine the direction of differentiation in sweat gland tumors.

scholarly journals THE ULTRASTRUCTURE AND HISTOPHYSIOLOGY OF HUMAN ECCRINE SWEAT GLANDS

1961 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryce L. Munger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Clear Cells ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Mucoid Cells ◽  
Eccrine Sweat Glands ◽  
Pilocarpine Iontophoresis ◽  
Eccrine Sweat

The electron microscopy of human eccrine sweat glands has been studied before and after stimulation by pilocarpine iontophoresis. The identity of the dark and clear cells in the secretory segment as defined by Montagna et al. (23) was determined by studying serial sections, thin for electron microscopy and thick for light microscopy. Cells with numerous apical secretory vacuoles are termed mucoid (dark) cells, since these vacuoles stain positively for acid mucopolysaccharide. Clear cells are intimately associated with intercellular canaliculi. The "cuticular border" of surface cells of the duct is a condensation of tonofilaments and granules. Numerous mitochondria are concentrated in basal cells of the duct. The presence of mucoid cells in the secretory segment may bear on the interpretation of the pathologic findings in the disease cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, and suggests that this disease may be due to a basic disorder of mucopolysaccharide production. The possible roles of the various cellular components in the elaboration of sweat are discussed.

scholarly journals Stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 as a novel marker of ductal cells of human eccrine sweat glands

2017 ◽  
Vol 176 (6) ◽  
pp. 1541-1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Borowczyk-Michalowska ◽  
E. Zimolag ◽  
A. Waligorska ◽  
J. Dobrucki ◽  
Z. Madeja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Ductal Cells ◽  
Embryonic Antigen ◽  
Eccrine Sweat Glands ◽  
Stage Specific Embryonic Antigen ◽  
Eccrine Sweat

Biochemical and ultrastructural studies of human eccrine sweat glands isolated by shearing and maintained for seven days

1984 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-274
Author(s):  
C.M. Lee ◽  
C.J. Jones ◽  
T. Kealey
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Cyclic Gmp ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Leucine Uptake ◽  
Eccrine Sweat Glands ◽  
Eccrine Sweat

A new method of isolating human eccrine sweat glands by the repeated dissection of skin biopsies with scissors is described. The success of the technique is attributed to a potential line of weakness between the investing capsule and the surrounding connective tissue, which parts under shear forces. The yield is 20–50 glands per biopsy (5 cm X 0.5 cm). The glands are judged to be viable by: (i) light and electron microscopy; (ii) ATP, ADP and AMP contents of 81.0 +/− 12.7, 13.8 +/− 3.3 and 3.8 +/− 1.0 pmol/gland, respectively (mean +/− S.E.M.), which gave an energy charge of 0.90; (iii) the 28-fold rise in cyclic GMP content and the sevenfold rise in cyclic AMP content effected by treatment for 2 min with 10(−5) M-acetylcholine and for 10 min with 10(−5) M-isoprenaline, respectively; (iv) the rate of [3H]leucine uptake into protein; and (v) the concentration of Neutral Red by the collecting duct. Glands were maintained for 7 days on polycarbonate filters floating on RPMI 1640 tissue-culture medium. After this time the ATP, ADP and AMP contents were 63.2 +/− 7.3, 8.5 +/− 2.2 and 3.5 +/− 0.8 pmol/gland, respectively (mean +/− S.E.M.), which gave an energy charge of 0.90. During maintenance a dilatation of the intercellular spaces developed in both secretory coil and collecting duct. Following maintenance there was a significant rise in the rate of [3H]leucine uptake into protein. Maintained glands demonstrated a fivefold greater accumulation of cyclic AMP in response to isoprenaline than did freshly isolated glands, but there was no comparable maintenance hypersensitivity of cyclic GMP to acetylcholine. This pattern of adrenergic, but not cholinergic, maintenance hypersensitivity matches the known lack of denervation hypersensitivity of human eccrine sweat glands to acetylcholine in vivo.

Electron microscopic study of the membrane glycoproteins in the rat kidney after cisplatin treatment

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 912-913
Author(s):  
S.K. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Membrane Glycoproteins ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Interstrand Cross Links ◽  
Cross Links

The proposed primary mechanism of action of the anticancer drug cisplatin (Cis-DDP) is through its interaction with DNA, mostly through DNA intrastrand cross-links or DNA interstrand cross-links. DNA repair mechanisms can circumvent this arrest thus permitting replication and transcription to proceed. Various membrane transport enzymes have also been demonstrated to be effected by cisplatin. Glycoprotein alkaline phosphatase was looked at in the proximal tubule cells before and after cisplatin both in vivo and in vitro for its inactivation or its removal from the membrane using light and electron microscopy.Outbred male Swiss Webster (Crl: (WI) BR) rats weighing 150-250g were given ip injections of cisplatin (7mg/kg). Animals were killed on day 3 and day 5. Thick slices (20-50.um) of kidney tissue from treated and untreated animals were fixed in 1% buffered glutaraldehyde and 1% formaldehyde (0.05 M cacodylate buffer, pH 7.3) for 30 min at 4°C. Alkaline phosphatase activity and carbohydrates were demonstrated according to methods described earlier.

Freeze-Fracture Examination of Tight Junctions of Human Eccrine Sweat Glands

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 634-635
Author(s):  
J. V. Briggman ◽  
J. Bigelow ◽  
H. Bank ◽  
S. S. Spicer
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Hypertonic Solution ◽  
Dark Cells ◽  
Clear Cells ◽  
Junctional Complexes ◽  
Secretory Coil ◽  
Eccrine Sweat Glands ◽  
Eccrine Sweat

The prevalence of strands shown by freeze-fracture in the zonula occludens of junctional complexes is thought to correspond closely with the transepi-thelial electrical resistance and with the tightness of the junction and its obstruction to paracellular flow.1 The complexity of the network of junc¬tional complex strands does not appear invariably related to the degree of tightness of the junction, however, as rabbit ileal junctions have a complex network of strands and are permeable to lanthanum. In human eccrine sweat glands the extent of paracellular relative to transcellular flow remains unknown, both for secretion of the isotonic precursor fluid by the coil and for resorption of a hypertonic solution by the duct. The studies reported here undertook, therefore, to determine with the freeze-fracture technique the complexity of the network of ridges in the junctional complexes between cells in the secretory coil and the sweat ducts. Glands from a patient with cystic fibrosis were also examined because an alteration in junctional strands could underlie the decreased Na+ resorption by sweat ducts in this disease. Freeze-fracture replicas were prepared by standard procedures on isolated coil and duct segments of human sweat glands. Junctional complexes between clear cells, between dark cells and between clear and dark cells on the main lumen, and between clear cells on intercellular canaliculi of the coil con¬tained abundant anastomosing closely spaced strands averaging 6.4 + 0.7 (mean + SE) and 9.0 +0.5 (Fig. 1) per complex, respectively. Thus, the junctions in the intercellular canaliculi of the coil appeared comparable in complexity to those of tight epithlia. Occasional junctions exhibited, in addition, 2 to 5 widely spaced anastomosing strands in a very close network basal to the compact network. The fewer junctional complexes observed thus far between the superficial duct cells consisted on the average of 6 strands arranged in a close network and 1 to 4 underlying strands that lay widely separated from one another (Fig. 2). The duct epitelium would, thus, be judged slightly more "leaky" than the coil. Infrequent junctional complexes observed to date in the secretory coil segment of a cystic fibrosis specimen disclosed rela¬tively few closely crowded strands.

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