scholarly journals Characterization of the translocon of the outer envelope of chloroplasts

2003 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Schleiff ◽  
Jürgen Soll ◽  
Michael Küchler ◽  
Werner Kühlbrandt ◽  
Roswitha Harrer
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Interior Structure ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Outer Envelope ◽  
Core Complex ◽  
The Core ◽  
Precursor Proteins ◽  
Stable Core

The protein translocon of the outer envelope of chloroplasts (Toc) consists of the core subunits Toc159, Toc75, and Toc34. To investigate the molecular structure, the core complex was purified. This core complex has an apparent molecular mass of ∼500 kD and a molecular stoichiometry of 1:4:4–5 between Toc159, Toc75, and Toc34. The isolated translocon recognizes both transit sequences and precursor proteins in a GTP-dependent manner, suggesting its functional integrity. The complex is embedded by the lipids phosphatidylcholine and digalactosyldiacylglyceride. Two-dimensional structural analysis by EM revealed roughly circular particles consistent with the formation of a stable core complex. The particles show a diameter of ∼130 Å with a solid ring and a less dense interior structure. A three-dimensional map obtained by random conical tilt reconstruction of electron micrographs suggests that a “finger”-like central region separates four curved translocation channels within one complex.

scholarly journals Synthesis and structural characterization of hexa-μ2-chlorido-μ4-oxido-tetrakis{[4-(phenylethynyl)pyridine-κN]copper(II)} dichloromethane monosolvate

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Rayya A. Al Balushi ◽  
Muhammad S. Khan ◽  
Md. Serajul Haque Faizi ◽  
Ashanul Haque ◽  
Kieran Molloy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Title Compound ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hirshfeld Surface ◽  
The Core ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Packing Arrangement

In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Cu4Cl6O(C13H9N)4]·CH2Cl2, the core molecular structure consists of a Cu4 tetrahedron with a central interstitial O atom. Each edge of the Cu4 tetrahedron is bridged by a chlorido ligand. Each copper(II) cation is coordinated to the central O atom, two chlorido ligands and one N atom of the 4-phenylethynylpyridine ligand. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by intermolecular C—H...Cl interactions. Furthermore, C—H...π and π–π interactions also connect the molecules, forming a three-dimensional network. Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contributions for the packing arrangement are from H...H and C...H/H...C interactions.

Corrugated SNOM probe with enhanced energy throughput

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Antosiewicz ◽  
T. Szoplik
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Dipolar Field ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
The Core ◽  
Dimensional Approximation ◽  
New Type ◽  
Difference Time ◽  
Main Factor

AbstractIn a previous paper we proposed a modification of metal-coated tapered-fibre aperture probes for scanning near-field optical microscopes (SNOMs). The modification consists in radial corrugations of the metal-dielectric interface oriented inward the core. Their purpose is to facilitate the excitation of surface plasmons, which increase the transport of energy beyond the cut-off diameter and radiate a quasi-dipolar field from the probe output rim. An increase in energy output allows for reduction of the apex diameter, which is the main factor determining the resolution of the microscope. In two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations we analyse the performance of the new type of SNOM probe. We admit, however, that the two-dimensional approximation gives better results than expected from exact three-dimensional ones. Nevertheless, optimisation of enhanced energy throughput in corrugated probes should lead to at least twice better resolution with the same sensitivity of detectors available nowadays.

Three isostructural solvates of a tetrahydrofurochromenone derivative

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balasubramanian Sridhar ◽  
Jagadeesh Babu Nanubolu ◽  
Krishnan Ravikumar ◽  
Govindaraju Karthik ◽  
Basi Venkata Subba Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Multicomponent Systems ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
The Core ◽  
Cell Dimensions ◽  
Similarity Indices ◽  
Unit Cell Dimensions ◽  
Similar Unit ◽  
Crystal Packings

Isostructurality is more likely to occur in multicomponent systems. In this context, three closely related solvates were crystallized, namely, benzene (C27H21BrO6·C6H6), toluene (C27H21BrO6·C7H8) and xylene (C27H21BrO6·C8H10) with methyl 3a-acetyl-3-(4-bromophenyl)-4-oxo-1-phenyl-3,3a,4,9b-tetrahydro-1H-furo[3,4-c]chromene-1-carboxylate, and their crystal structures determined. All three structures belong to the same space group (P\overline{1}) and display similar unit-cell dimensions and conformations, as well as isostructural crystal packings. The isostructurality is confirmed by unit-cell and isostructural similarity indices. In each solvate, weak C—H...O and C—H...π interactions extend the molecules into two-dimensional networks, which are further linked by C—H...Br and Br...Br interactions into three-dimensional networks. The conformation of the core molecule is predominantly responsible for governing the isostructurality.

Stability of a compressible two-dimensional vortex under a three-dimensional perturbation

1984 ◽  
Vol 392 (1803) ◽  
pp. 279-299 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mach Number ◽  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Incompressible Flow ◽  
Compressible Fluid ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Rankine Vortex ◽  
The Core ◽  
Critical Boundary

Kelvin showed that a two-dimensional vortex under a two-dimensional disturbance in incompressible flow responds at a discrete set of eigenvalues, which were found by Broadbent & Moore ( Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 290, 353-371 (1979) to become unstable in a compressible fluid. It is now shown that three-dimensional perturbations are also unstable provided the wavelength is greater than some critical value that depends on the Mach number of the vortex. A critical boundary dividing stable from unstable modes is defined. Most of the results relate to a Rankine vortex, as in the previous work mentioned above, but some results are also given for a vortex with a different velocity profile within the core; qualitatively the same kind of behaviour is found.

scholarly journals Realizable response matrices of multi-terminal electrical, acoustic and elastodynamic networks at a given frequency

2008 ◽  
Vol 464 (2092) ◽  
pp. 967-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme W Milton ◽  
Pierre Seppecher
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Response Matrix ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Fixed Frequency ◽  
Symmetry Properties ◽  
Acoustic Networks ◽  
Mathematical Equivalence

We give a complete characterization of the possible response matrices at a fixed frequency of n -terminal electrical networks of inductors, capacitors, resistors and grounds, and of n -terminal discrete linear elastodynamic networks of springs and point masses, both in three-dimensional and two-dimensional cases. Specifically, we construct networks that realize any response matrix that is compatible with the known symmetry properties and thermodynamic constraints of response matrices. Owing to a mathematical equivalence, we also obtain a characterization of the response matrices of discrete acoustic networks.

Energetics of AlN Epitaxial Wetting Layers on SiC (0001)

1996 ◽  
Vol 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Di Felice ◽  
J. E. Northrup ◽  
J. Neugebauer
Keyword(s):  
First Principles ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Layer Growth ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Charge Accumulation ◽  
Wetting Layer ◽  
Interface Charge ◽  
Wetting Layers

ABSTRACTWe present a first-principles characterization of the initial stages of formation of AlN films on c-plane SiC substrates. Studying the competition between two-dimensional films and three-dimensional islands as a function of Al and N abundances, we find that a two-dimensional film can wet the surface in N-rich conditions. Ordered layer-by-layer growth can proceed to some extent on this wetting layer, and is improved by the formation of an atomically mixed interface which eliminates interface charge accumulation. Our results indicate that the stable AlN films grow in the (0001) orientation on the Si-terminated SiC(0001) substrate.

scholarly journals Characterization of Dental Epithelial Stem Cells from the Mouse Incisor with Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Platforms

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miquella G. Chavez ◽  
Wenli Yu ◽  
Brian Biehs ◽  
Hidemitsu Harada ◽  
Malcolm L. Snead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Mouse Incisor

On relativistic gasdynamics: invariance under a class of reciprocal-type transformations and integrable Heisenberg spin connections

2020 ◽  
Vol 476 (2243) ◽  
pp. 20200487
Author(s):  
C. Rogers ◽  
T. Ruggeri ◽  
W. K. Schief
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Laws ◽  
Classical Limit ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Classical System ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Stationary Case ◽  
Heisenberg Spin ◽  
Lift And Drag ◽  
Spin Equation

A classical system of conservation laws descriptive of relativistic gasdynamics is examined. In the two-dimensional stationary case, the system is shown to be invariant under a novel multi-parameter class of reciprocal transformations. The class of invariant transformations originally obtained by Bateman in non-relativistic gasdynamics in connection with lift and drag phenomena is retrieved as a reduction in the classical limit. In the general 3+1-dimensional case, it is demonstrated that Synge’s geometric characterization of the pressure being constant along streamlines encapsulates a three-dimensional extension of an integrable Heisenberg spin equation.

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