Lack of Transmission of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Three Long-Term–Care Facilities

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (05) ◽  
pp. 341-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina A. Greenaway ◽  
Mark A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Abstract Three patients colonized with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus were admitted to one or more of three long-term-care facilities. Six point-prevalence surveys revealed no transmission of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus after a total of 234 days of exposure during which moderately strict infection control measures were implemented. Four of 116 environmental cultures were positive.

Survey of Long-Term-Care Facilities in Iowa for Policies and Practices Regarding Residents With Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus or Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 811-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trisha Kreman ◽  
Jianfang Hu ◽  
Jean Pottinger ◽  
Loreen A. Herwaldt
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Policies And Practices

AbstractObjectives:To identify infection control policies and practices used by long-term-care facilities (LTCFs) in Iowa for residents with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and to estimate the prevalence of residents known to have these organisms.Design:Survey.Setting:LTCFs in Iowa from December 2002 through March 2003.Results:Of the 429 LTCFs in Iowa, 331 (77%) responded to the survey. The estimated prevalence of residents known to have MRSA was 13.4 per 1,000 and that of residents known to have VRE was 2.3 per 1,000. Facilities owned by the government or those with an average of more than 86 occupied beds were more likely to have residents known to have MRSA and VRE (P = .002 and .007, respectively). Of the responding facilities, 7.3% acknowledged that they refused to accept individuals known to have MRSA and 16.9% acknowledged that they refused to accept those known to have VRE. Facilities in large communities (population, > 100,000) were least likely to deny admission to an individual known to have either MRSA or VRE (P = .05). Most facilities reported adhering to the national guidelines, but fewer than half (44.7%) of the respondents had heard of the Iowa Antibiotic Resistance Task Force's guidelines regarding residents with MRSA or VRE.Conclusions:Many LTCFs in Iowa care for residents known to have MRSA or VRE, but some refuse to admit these individuals. Infection control personnel and public health officials should work together to educate LTCF staff so that residents receive proper care and resistant organisms do not spread within this setting.

scholarly journals Patients in Long-Term Care Facilities: A Reservoir for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marnie L. Elizaga ◽  
Robert A. Weinstein ◽  
Mary K. Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

scholarly journals The role of genomics in understanding COVID-19 outbreaks in long term care facilities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Aggarwal ◽  
Richard Myers ◽  
William L. Hamilton ◽  
Tehmina Bharucha ◽  
Niamh Tumelty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Genomic Epidemiology ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Epidemiology Studies

A review was undertaken of all genomic epidemiology studies on COVID-19 in long term care facilities (LTCF) that have been published to date. It was found that staff and residents were usually infected with identical, or near identical, SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Outbreaks usually involved one predominant lineage, and the same lineages persisted in LTCFs despite infection control measures. Outbreaks were most commonly due to single or few introductions followed by spread rather than a series of seeding events from the community into LTCFs. Sequencing of samples taken consecutively from the same cases showed persistence of the same genome sequence indicating that the sequencing technique was robust over time. When combined with local epidemiology, genomics facilitated likely transmission sources to be better characterised. Transmission between LTCFs was detected in multiple studies. The mortality rate amongst residents was high in all cases, regardless of the lineage. Bioinformatics methods were inadequate in one third of the studies reviewed, and reproducing the analyses was difficult as sequencing data were not available in many cases.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Long-Term Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Persistence—A Prospective Longitudinal Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Correa-Martinez ◽  
Stollenwerk ◽  
Kossow ◽  
Schaumburg ◽  
Mellmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are important nosocomial pathogens that require effective infection control measures, representing a challenge for healthcare systems. This study aimed at identifying risk factors associated with prolonged VRE carriage and determining the rate of clearance that allows the discontinuation of contact precautions. During a 2-year study, screening was performed in patients with a history of VRE or at risk of becoming colonized. After bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing, glycopeptide resistance was confirmed by PCR. Isolates were compared via whole genome sequence-based typing. Risk factors were recorded, and follow-up screening was performed upon readmission, defining patients as long-term carriers if still colonized ≥10 weeks after first detection. Of 1059 patients positive for VRE, carriage status was assessed upon readmission in 463 patients. VRE was cleared in 56.4% of the cases. Risk factors associated with long-term persistence were hospital stays (frequency, length), hemato-oncological disease, systemic treatment with steroids, and use of antibiotics. No specific genotypic clustering was observed in patients with VRE clearance or persistence. VRE clearance is possibly underestimated. The identification of risk factors favoring long-term carriage may contribute to a targeted implementation of infection control measures upon readmission of patients with history of VRE.

scholarly journals An outbreak of norovirus infection in a long-term care facility in Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Gatti de Menezes ◽  
Vanessa Maria da Silva de Poli Correa ◽  
Fábio Gazelato de Mello Franco ◽  
Miriam Ikeda Ribeiro ◽  
Maria Fátima dos Santos Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Term Care Facility ◽  
Long Term Care Facility ◽  
Infection Control Measures

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe a norovirus outbreak in a Brazilian long-term care facility from July 8 to 29, 2005. Methods: In the first 48 to 72 hours after onset of symptoms in inpatients and employees, the main infection control strategies were staff education, emphasis on hand washing, implementing contact precautions up to 48-72 hours after resolution of symptoms, complete cleaning of the rooms and exclusion of symptomatic employees from work until 48-72 hours after resolution of their symptoms. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the norovirus infections were described based on chart review. Results: The incidence among inpatients and employees was 41.3% and 16.25%, respectively. The main symptom was diarrhea, affecting 100% of inpatients and employees. Forty-four percent of specimens were positive by RIDASCREEN® Norovirus analyses, and identified as norovirus genogroup GII. Seventy percent of inpatients were women and their age range was 51-98 years. Inpatients had in average two comorbid conditions – 87.3% with cardiovascular or chronic pulmonary condition and 47.6% with dementia. There was not relapse or death. Conclusions: The early infection-control measures associated to surveillance are required to keep long-term care facilities free of noroviruses and to protect those who are most vulnerable.

Persistence of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant, Multidrug-ResistantStreptococcus pneumoniaein a Long-Term–Care Facility Efforts to Reduce Intrafacility Transmission

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia M. Fry ◽  
Chi Chi N. Udeagu ◽  
Montse Soriano-Gabarro ◽  
Scott Fridkin ◽  
Diana Musinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Long Term Care Facility ◽  
Infection Control Measures

AbstractObjective:We describe an effort to reduce transmission of a multidrug-resistantStreptococcus pneumoniae(MDRSP) in a long-term-care facility (LTCF).Design:Longitudinal cross-sectional study.Setting:An LTCF in New York City with ongoing disease due to an MDRSP strain among residents with AIDS since a 1995 outbreak. The MDRSP outbreak strain was susceptible to vancomycin but not to other antimicrobials tested, including fluoroquinolones.Participants:Residents and staff members of the LTCF during 1999 through 2001.Intervention:Implementing standard infection control measures, and developing and implementing "enhanced standard" infection control measures, modified respiratory droplet prevention measures to reduce inter-resident transmission.Results:Before the intervention, nasopharyngeal carriage of the MDRSP outbreak strain was detected in residents with AIDS and residents with tracheostomies who were not dependent on mechanical ventilation. The prevalence of nasopharyngeal carriage of the MDRSP outbreak strain was 7.8% among residents who had AIDS and 14.6% among residents with tracheostomies. After training sessions on standard and enhanced standard infection control measures, the staff appeared to have good knowledge and practice of the infection control measures. After the intervention, new transmission among residents with tracheostomies was prevented; however, these residents were prone to persistent tracheal carriage and needed ongoing enhanced standard infection control measures. Ongoing transmission among residents with AIDS, a socially active group, was documented, although fewer cases of disease due to the outbreak strain occurred.Conclusions:Infection control contributed to less transmission of MDRSP in the LTCF. Additional strategies are needed to reduce transmission and carriage among certain resident populations.

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