scholarly journals The Social, Psychological, and Political Causes of Racial Disparities in the American Criminal Justice System

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tonry
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Social

Roadside drug testing: Incoherent policy or uncertainty by design?

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan Ricketts
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Social Legitimacy ◽  
Driving Impairment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Side Effects

Roadside drug testing regimes being implemented around Australia have been presented as essential for road safety but are compromised by significant policy incoherence. Prosecution based upon driving impairment has been replaced with prosecution based upon mere detection of a specified substance. The conflation of road safety and prohibition as the jurisprudential rationale for penalty by legislators is producing significant negative side effects for the criminal justice system and for the social legitimacy of the roadside testing process generally. Genuine impairment testing for drivers is important but it is not being achieved by the current procedures in place around Australia.

One Role of the Social Scientist in the Courtroom: The Maria Pitchford Case

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-272
Author(s):  
Katherine Van Wormer
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Social Scientist ◽  
Jury Selection ◽  
Recent Trial ◽  
The Social

Sociologists have been involved in various aspects of the criminal justice system. The author examines the role of the sociologist in jury selection. Using as a background her involvement in a recent trial, she discusses the basic strategies involved in selecting a jury.

Racial disparities in treatment service utilization among U.S. adolescent substance abusers with criminal justice system involvement

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 57-57
Author(s):  
J. Jin ◽  
C. Fuller ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
B. Fan ◽  
N.A. Ukonu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
African American ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Substance Use Treatment ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
Treatment Services

IntroductionPrevious studies have shown that African American youth are over-represented in the Criminal Justice System (CJS). Substance use problems are common among those with CJS involvement. However, less is known regarding racial disparities, among youth with CJS involvement, in receiving substance use treatment services.ObjectiveTo examine racial disparities with regard to receiving treatment services for substance use related problems, among youth with (CJS) involvement.MethodsData were obtained from the 2006–2008 United States National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) in USA. Among White and African American adolescents (Ages 12–17) with recent CJS involvement and who met criteria for alcohol or illicit drug abuse or dependence (N = 602), racial differences in receiving treatment services for substance use problems were examined. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of service access among the adolescents, to see if the racial disparity could be explained by individual-level, family-level, and criminal justice system involvement factors.ResultsWhile 31.2% of White adolescent substance abusers with CJS involvement had received treatment for substance use related problems, only 11.6% of their African American counterparts had received such treatment (P = 0.0005). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that access to treatment services can be predicted by substance use related delinquent behaviors, but that racial disparities in treatment still exist after adjusting for these factors (AOR = 0.24, 95%CI = (0.09,0.59), P = 0.0027).ConclusionsThere is an urgent need to reduce racial disparities in receiving substance use treatment among U.S. youth with CJS involvement.

Thatcherism and Crime: The Beast That Never Roared?

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Farrall ◽  
Will Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Crime Rate ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
The Social

This chapter explores the Thatcherite legacy for crime and the criminal justice system. We argue that, despite much of Thatcher’s rhetoric on ‘law and order’, most criminal justice activity during her period in office was essentially liberal (that is, progressive) in nature. Nevertheless, the social and economic policies pursued in the early to mid-1980s were, we argue, associated with rises in the crime rate, which in turn shifted public attitudes towards crime and the treatment of offenders. Coupled with the Labour party’s shift rightwards from the early 1990s and Blair’s focus on crime as a topic Labour ‘owned’ meant that both the Conservative and Labour parties were engaged in a crime ‘arms race’ towards policies which were in tune with the Thatcherite instinct on crime.

USLUGE CENTARA ZA SOCIJALNI RAD U PRIMENI VASPITNIH NALOGA I U IZVRŠENjU KRIVIČNIH SANKCIJA IZREČENIH MALOLETNIM UČINIOCIMA KRIVIČNIH DELA

2021 ◽  
pp. 169-184
Author(s):  
Snežana Soković ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Basic Type ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
The Social

The juvenile nature of the criminal offence perpetrator, due to its psychophysical characteristics, makes the phase of execution of criminal sanctions additionally delicate and very important and implies a system of execution based on special principles and special organization. The aim of this paper is to analyze the activities of the competent guardianship authorities, both in the phase of issuing educational orders and educational measures, and in the phase of their execution. The paper emphasizes that the realization of the "internal dynamics" of the system of educational measures, from the choice of a concrete measure to its suppression, with all intermediate modalities of cumulation, replacement and adjustment to changed execution conditions or achieved success, is made possible to the competent court through the cooperation with guardianship authorities. It is precisely in the field of application of educational measures, as the basic type of criminal sanctions for juvenile offenders, that the exceptional connection of the juvenile criminal justice system with the social protection system is most clearly seen.

Sentencing Leniency for Black Offenders

2021 ◽  
pp. 218-240
Author(s):  
Benjamin S. Yost
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Uncertainty Condition ◽  
Black Offenders ◽  
Violent Offenses

In response to the racial disparities that plague the American criminal justice system, the Movement for Black Lives calls for an end to policing and punishment “as we know them.” But refusing to punish violent offenses leaves unprotected those most vulnerable to crime, and outright abolition thus appears to undermine black rights and liberties. The author calls this the decarceration dilemma. After discussing Tommie Shelby and Christopher Lewis’s attempts to resolve the dilemma, the author offers his own, which employs a procedural rather than a substantive solution. He leans on the principle of expanded asymmetry (EA), which holds that it is better to underpunish than overpunish. After defending EA, the author notes that it obtains only under conditions of uncertainty. He then shows that because virtually all trials of black offenders meet the uncertainty condition, sentencing authorities are obliged to treat black offenders leniently. This chapter concludes by noting the advantages of the proceduralist approach.

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