A geothermal heat flow probe for in situ measurement of both temperature gradient and thermal conductivity

1969 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
D A Christoffel ◽  
I M Calhaem
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
In Situ Measurement ◽  
Flow Probe ◽  
Geothermal Heat

scholarly journals Method of In Situ Measurement of Heat and Thermal Conductivity of Rock

1987 ◽  
Vol 103 (1193) ◽  
pp. 431-435
Author(s):  
Kunzo AMANO ◽  
Biao QIAN ◽  
Kanemitsu KAWABE ◽  
Shigeru YAMASHITA
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
In Situ Measurement ◽  
Thermal Conductivity Of Rock

In situ measurement of the thermal conductivity of ocean-floor sediments

1969 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 1070-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Sclater ◽  
C. E. Corry ◽  
V. Vacquier
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
In Situ Measurement ◽  
Ocean Floor

scholarly journals Development and application of a temperature gradient detector for manned underwater robot

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 172988142091696
Author(s):  
Dewei Li ◽  
Ye Li ◽  
Zhongjun Ding ◽  
Xiangxin Wang ◽  
Baohua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Stability Limit ◽  
In Situ Measurement ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Underwater Robot ◽  
Scientific Application ◽  
Deep Sea Sediment ◽  
Operation Conditions

Manned underwater robot is an important platform to carry various sensors and working tools to finish the in situ measurement and sampling in the deep sea. Due to its limited loading capacity, the device it will be carried, usually, requires to be able to dive to its working depth with a small volume and weight. According to the application requirements of deep-sea sediment temperature gradient in situ measurement observed, a detector system that can obtain data in situ is designed, which mainly includes a titanium alloy electronic cabin and a temperature probe. A comprehensive design analysis method is used to compare and analyze the ultimate static pressure, stability limit load, bending moment load, and transient temperature field on the underwater operation conditions. Optimal dimensions and filled media in the probe are decided. Finally, the pressure resistance test is finished in the lab, and scientific application is conducted on Jiaolong’s 127th dive in the Northwest Indian Ocean, which successfully sampling the temperature gradient data of deep-sea sediments in the Daxi hydrothermal area. The method introduced in this article can effectively improve the safety and reliability of deep-sea structure and greatly reduce costs throughout the design cycle.

scholarly journals Greenland Geothermal Heat Flow Database and Map (Version 1)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Colgan ◽  
Agnes Wansing ◽  
Kenneth Mankoff ◽  
Mareen Lösing ◽  
John Hopper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Flow Models ◽  
The North ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
Heat Flow Model

Abstract. We compile, analyse and map all available geothermal heat flow measurements collected in and around Greenland into a new database of 419 sites and generate an accompanying spatial map. This database includes 290 sites previously reported by the International Heat Flow Commission (IHFC), for which we now standardize measurement and metadata quality. This database also includes 129 new sites, which have not been previously reported by the IHFC. These new sites consist of 88 offshore measurements and 41 onshore measurements, of which 24 are subglacial. We employ machine learning to synthesize these in situ measurements into a gridded geothermal heat flow model that is consistent across both continental and marine areas in and around Greenland. This model has a native horizontal resolution of 55 km. In comparison to five existing Greenland geothermal heat flow models, our model has the lowest mean geothermal heat flow for Greenland onshore areas (44 mW m–2). Our model’s most distinctive spatial feature is pronounced low geothermal heat flow (< 40 mW m–2) across the North Atlantic Craton of southern Greenland. Crucially, our model does not show an area of elevated heat flow that might be interpreted as remnant from the Icelandic Plume track. Finally, we discuss the substantial influence of paleoclimatic and other corrections on geothermal heat flow measurements in Greenland. The in-situ measurement database and gridded heat flow model, as well as other supporting materials, are freely available from the GEUS DataVerse (https://doi.org/10.22008/FK2/F9P03L; Colgan and Wansing, 2021).

scholarly journals The influence of pressure on the thermal conductivity of liquid He ll

1939 ◽  
Vol 171 (945) ◽  
pp. 242-250 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Surface Films ◽  
Very High

The unusual characteristics of heat transfer in liquid He II have been reported in several recent papers. The very high thermal conductivity of the low-temperature modification of liquid helium was first noted by Keesom and Keesom (1935). It was then found by Allen, Peierls and Uddin (1937) and subsequently verified by Keesom, Keesom and Saris (1938) that the rate of transfer of heat varied with the temperature gradient. The discovery of the momentum transfer accompanying heat flow in He II which was made by Allen and Jones (1938) and the work on mobile surface films of the liquid done by Daunt and Mendelssohn (1938) show that a large part of the heat must be carried by some form of mass transfer. Several ideas and theories to explain the phenomena have been put forward by Kapitza (1938), Jones (1938), Michels, Bijl and de Boer (1938), Tisza (1938) and Keesom and Taconis (1938). The experimental evidence is as yet too meagre to prove or disprove any of the theories. It was with the intention of adding to the data already known concerning the properties of liquid He II that the present research was undertaken. The apparatus which was used is shown in fig. 1. The thermal conductivity was measured by a standard method. A constant supply of heat was supplied to one end of a long capillary containing liquid He II, and the other end was maintained at the constant temperature of the He II bath. Temperatures were observed at two points along the capillary.

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