scholarly journals Cortical network and connectivity underlying hedonic olfactory perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 056050
Author(s):  
Alejandro Luis Callara ◽  
Alberto Greco ◽  
Johannes Frasnelli ◽  
Gianluca Rho ◽  
Nicola Vanello ◽  
...  
PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. e0218529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Bock ◽  
Jeremy D. Fesi ◽  
Sylvain Baillet ◽  
Janine D. Mendola

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma M. Perkins ◽  
Karen Burr ◽  
Poulomi Banerjee ◽  
Arpan R. Mehta ◽  
Owen Dando ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Physiological disturbances in cortical network excitability and plasticity are established and widespread in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients, including those harbouring the C9ORF72 repeat expansion (C9ORF72RE) mutation – the most common genetic impairment causal to ALS and FTD. Noting that perturbations in cortical function are evidenced pre-symptomatically, and that the cortex is associated with widespread pathology, cortical dysfunction is thought to be an early driver of neurodegenerative disease progression. However, our understanding of how altered network function manifests at the cellular and molecular level is not clear. Methods To address this we have generated cortical neurons from patient-derived iPSCs harbouring C9ORF72RE mutations, as well as from their isogenic expansion-corrected controls. We have established a model of network activity in these neurons using multi-electrode array electrophysiology. We have then mechanistically examined the physiological processes underpinning network dysfunction using a combination of patch-clamp electrophysiology, immunocytochemistry, pharmacology and transcriptomic profiling. Results We find that C9ORF72RE causes elevated network burst activity, associated with enhanced synaptic input, yet lower burst duration, attributable to impaired pre-synaptic vesicle dynamics. We also show that the C9ORF72RE is associated with impaired synaptic plasticity. Moreover, RNA-seq analysis revealed dysregulated molecular pathways impacting on synaptic function. All molecular, cellular and network deficits are rescued by CRISPR/Cas9 correction of C9ORF72RE. Our study provides a mechanistic view of the early dysregulated processes that underpin cortical network dysfunction in ALS-FTD. Conclusion These findings suggest synaptic pathophysiology is widespread in ALS-FTD and has an early and fundamental role in driving altered network function that is thought to contribute to neurodegenerative processes in these patients. The overall importance is the identification of previously unidentified defects in pre and postsynaptic compartments affecting synaptic plasticity, synaptic vesicle stores, and network propagation, which directly impact upon cortical function.


2021 ◽  
Vol 383 (1) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Kermen ◽  
Nathalie Mandairon ◽  
Laura Chalençon

AbstractWhether an odorant is perceived as pleasant or unpleasant (hedonic value) governs a range of crucial behaviors: foraging, escaping danger, and social interaction. Despite its importance in olfactory perception, little is known regarding how odor hedonics is represented and encoded in the brain. Here, we review recent findings describing how odorant hedonic value is represented in the first olfaction processing center, the olfactory bulb. We discuss how olfactory bulb circuits might contribute to the coding of innate and learned odorant hedonics in addition to the odorant’s physicochemical properties.


Nature Aging ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-268
Author(s):  
Bi Zhang ◽  
Heejin Jun ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
Jianfeng Liu ◽  
X. Z. Shawn Xu

2021 ◽  
Vol 383 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Shadi Jafari ◽  
Mattias Alenius

AbstractOlfactory perception is very individualized in humans and also in Drosophila. The process that individualize olfaction is adaptation that across multiple time scales and mechanisms shape perception and olfactory-guided behaviors. Olfactory adaptation occurs both in the central nervous system and in the periphery. Central adaptation occurs at the level of the circuits that process olfactory inputs from the periphery where it can integrate inputs from other senses, metabolic states, and stress. We will here focus on the periphery and how the fast, slow, and persistent (lifelong) adaptation mechanisms in the olfactory sensory neurons individualize the Drosophila olfactory system.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean A. Monro ◽  
John McLaren-Howard ◽  
Mussadiq Shah ◽  
Peter O. O. Julu ◽  
Basant K. Puri

The epoxy fatty acidcis-12,13-epoxy-oleic acid, which acts as a DNA adduct, may be generated during long-term storage of many seed oils, including those used in cooking, with frying oils and fried foods being a major source in the modern human diet. Removal of this epoxy fatty acid from the locus of theN-formyl peptide receptors was associated with recovery from cogwheel rigidity and akinesia as well as with improvement in vibration sense and olfactory perception.


2021 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. S196
Author(s):  
Xiaopeng Si ◽  
Shaoxin Xiang ◽  
Ludan Zhang ◽  
Sicheng Li ◽  
Kuo Zhang ◽  
...  

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