scholarly journals Isolation of sea cucumbers’s (Holothuria atra) secondary metabolite using column-chromatography technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 869 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
S Agustina ◽  
S Bella ◽  
S Karina ◽  
I Irwan ◽  
M Ulfah
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Marine Chemistry ◽  
Holothuria Atra ◽  
Metabolite Content

Abstract Identification of sea cucumbers from Benteng Inong Balee, Aceh Besar and their phytochemistry screening were conducted in December 2020 to January 2021 at Laboratory of Marine Chemistry and Fisheries Biotechnology, Universitas Syiah Kuala. The purpose of this study was to identify the species of sea cucumbers and its secondary metabolite content using phytochemistry screening and column chromatography. The species of sea cucumbers that were identified was Holothuria atra. The extraction method used in sea cucumber extraction was maceration method, while the separation of secondary metabolites used column-chromatography with eluent of n-hexane : ethyl acetate (8:4). The results showed that secondary metabolites obtained from phytochemical tests were flavonoids, saponins and triterpenoids.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity of Water, Ethyl Acetate and Hexane Fractions from the Mangrove Young Leaves Sonneratia alba

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Verly Dotulong ◽  
Djuhria Wonggo ◽  
Lita A. D. Y. Montolalu
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Sonneratia Alba ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Young Leaves

The fractions from young leaves of mangrove Sonneratia alba was studied for its associated secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities. The objective of this study was to determine the secondary metabolite components and antioxidant activity of water, ethyl acetate, and hexane fractions of the young leaves of mangrove S. alba. The fraction was obtained from dry powder of young leaf S.alba using continuous fractionation of crude extracts. The crude extract was attained by 2 extraction methods (soxhlet and maceration) and 2 extraction solvents (methanol and ethanol). Secondary metabolites analyses were qualitatively conducted to detect the presence or absence of phenols, flavonoid, tannin, steroid, triterpenoid and alkaloid. Total phenols were measured using Folin Ciocalteau reagents and gallic acid standard curves whereas antioxidant activity were analyzed using DPPH method (1- 1-diphenil-2-picrihydrasil). Results showed that all fractions contained secondary metabolite components tested. The highest rendement was found in the water fraction fromsoxhletation extract with methanol (6.36±0.29%). The total phenol values were found the highest in the ethylacetatefraction from macerated extract with ethanol (352±9.77 mgGAE/g). Stronger antioxidant activity was also found in ethylacetate  fraction as indicated by the small value of IC50 DPPH namely the ethylacetate fraction with soxhletation extract with ethanol  (3.43±0.25 µg / mL). The results of this study indicate that the semipolar fraction (ethylacetate fraction) has more potential as a source of natural antioxidants.

scholarly journals Short-Term Root-Zone Temperature Treatment Enhanced the Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites of Hydroponic Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Grown in a Plant Factory

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duyen T. P. Nguyen ◽  
Na Lu ◽  
Natsuko Kagawa ◽  
Mizuki Kitayama ◽  
Michiko Takagaki
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Plant Factory ◽  
Metabolite Content ◽  
Zone Temperature

The demand for high-nutrient and fresh vegetables, including coriander, has been growing rapidly. A plant factory with artificial lighting enables the application or suppression of stress conditions to plants for producing high-quality vegetables. This study aimed to determine a suitable root-zone temperature (RZT) treatment for enhancing the biomass and secondary metabolite content of hydroponic coriander plants. The combination of a mid-RZT (25 °C) pre-treatment with low (15 °C or 20 °C) or high (30 °C or 35 °C) RZT for a short period (3 or 6 days) was applied to the plants before harvesting. The fresh weights of the coriander plants were reduced under RZT stress. By contrast, the content of secondary metabolites, including ascorbic acid, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, chlorogenic acid, and the antioxidant capacity of the plants were enhanced by the combination of the lowest or highest RZT (15 °C or 35 °C) and the longer stress period (6 days). Growing coriander under an RZT of 30 °C for 6 days can produce large amounts of bioactive compounds and water, whereas growing coriander at an RZT of 15 °C for 6 days can produce high dry biomass and secondary metabolite content.

Comparative study of antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of saponin extracted from six Egyptian sea-cucumber species, licorice, and ginseng

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia H. Eissa ◽  
Hoda K. Salem ◽  
Nahla E. Omran ◽  
Amal M. Kabbash ◽  
Wesam H. Amer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Ginseng Extract ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Licorice Extract ◽  
Holothuria Atra ◽  
Mcf 7

Background: The study aimed to compare the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of saponin extracted from six sea-cucumber species, licorice, and ginseng to determine the most potent one. Methods: Antimicrobial activity assessed by well diffusion and agar dilution methods. The inhibitory effects of the tested extracts on cell growth of Liver (HePG-2) and breast (MCF-7) cell lines assessed by MTT [3- (4, 5- dimethyl thiazol-2yl) - 2, 5- diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay. Results: The results revealed that licorice extract presented higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterial strains than sea-cucumber extracts; but has comparable results for Gram-negative (Salmonella tyhimurium, Klebsiella spp, and Acinetobacter baumanii). Holothuria atra body wall and Bohadschia tubules have the highest antifungal effect against Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida famata, Candida glabrata, and Candida tropicalis. Sea-cucumbers are more potent against fungal strains than licorice and ginseng extract. Licorice and ginseng presented higher cytotoxicity against HePG2 and MCF-7 cell lines than sea-cucumbers. Conclusion: This study promotes the use of licorice extract as a better antibacterial substance than sea-cucumber extracts, however the use of sea-cucumber extracts as antifungal agents than herbal extracts. Also, we support the utilization of licorice and ginseng as a cytotoxic agent instead of sea-cucumbers to stop the fishing of animals and consequently save it from extinction.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES COMPOUNDS, ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES ON THE METHANOL EXTRACT OF SEA CUCUMBER Stichopus hermanii

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Agar Diffusion Method

Identification of secondary metabolites, antibacterial and antioxidant activities assay of methanol extract of sea cucumber Stichopus hermanii were conducted from May to July 2011 at the Natural Products Laboratory, Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Sea cucumber used in this study comes from South Lampung waters. Objective of the study was to get information of secondary metabolites, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of methanol extract of sea cucumber S. hermanii. The extraction method which used in this experiment was the maceration method using methanol solvent. Identification of secondary metabolites was performed through observing reaction of colors, precipitation, and foaming. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of methanol extract from sea cucumber were tested using agar diffusion method and reducing of free radicals 1.1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) respectively. The results showed that secondary metabolites identified in the methanol extract of sea cucumber S. hermanii were saponin and steroids. Both secondary metabolites had antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio eltor and Bacilus subtilis. The analysis of antioxidant activity showed that the IC50 value of methanol extract of sea cucumber S. hermanii was about 65.08 ppm. It indicated that S. hermanii is having potency as antibacterial and antioxidant. Keywords: antibacterial, antioxidants, sea cucumber Stichopus hermanii, secondary metabolites

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Kandungan Total Fenolik Pada Teripang di Perairan Karimunjawa, Jepara

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-354
Author(s):  
Yolanda Avigail ◽  
Ervia Yudiati ◽  
Delianis Pringgenies
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Holothuria Atra

Teripang merupakan hewan jenis Echinodermata. Beberapa species teripang, misalnya H. scabra, H. fuscogilva dan T. ananas memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi. Meskipun tidak semua spesies memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi, teripang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan dalam bidang kesehatan, terutama dalam kemampuannya untuk meredam radikal bebas dan mencegah berbagai penyakit degeneratif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengidentifikasi, menentukan aktivitas antioksidan, kandungan total fenol, serta kadar karotenoid pada ekstrak beberapa teripang yang berasal dari Perairan Karimunjawa Jepara. Hasil identifikasi dari ke empat spesies adalah Stichopus cf. quadrifasciatus, Pearsonothuria graeffei, Bohadschia vitiensis, dan Holothuria atra. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan teknik maserasi dinding tubuh teripang menggunakan pelarut metanol. Uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-pikrilhidrazil) sebagai agen radikal bebas. Penentuan total fenolik dilakukan menggunakan metode folin-ciocalteu, dan penentuan kadar karotenoid dilakukan dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antioksidan Bohadschia vitiensis, Stichopus cf. quadrifasciatus, Pearsonothuria graeffei, dan Holothuria atra tergolong sangat lemah dengan nilai IC50 secara berturut-turut adalah sebesar 454,28 ± 14,4; 713,51 ± 9,1; 801,57 ± 8,4 dan 1535,47 ppm. Kandungan total fenol sebesar 21,08 ± 0,49; 14,325 ± 0,21; 14,033 ± 0,33 dan 10,67 ± 0,12 mg GAE/g sampel, dan kadar karotenoidnya sebesar 23,28 ± 0,07; 25,78 ± 0,56; 11,85 ± 0,04; dan 41,44 ± 0,008 µmol/g sampel.Kata kunci: Teripang, Antioksidan, DPPH, Fenolik, Karotenoid Sea cucumbers are sea benthos from phylum Echinoderms phylum. Some sea cucumbers such as H. scabra, H. fuscogilva, T. Ananas have a high economical price. Eventhough, some sea cucumbers have the potency of being a healthy food. It it scientifically proven that some sea cucumbers have the ability to reduce free radicals and prevent various degenerative diseases caused by the excessive free radicals. The aims of this study were to identified, determine antioxidant activity, total phenol content, and carotenoid levels in sea cucumber extracts originally from Karimunjawa waters. Some of the sea cucumbers obtained are Stichopus cf. quadrifasciatus, Pearsonothuria graeffei, Bohadschia vitiensis, and Holothuria atra. The extraction was done by macerating the body walls with methanol. The antioxidant activity test were tested using the DPPH method as free radicals, the total phenolic content tested using the folin-ciocalteu method, and determined the carotenoid levels spectrophotometrically. Based on the results, antioxidant activity of  B. vitiensis, S. cf. quadrifasciatus, P. graeffei, and H. atra were  classified as very weak with IC50 454.28 ± 14.4; 713.51 ± 9.1; 801.57 ± 8.4 dan 1535.47 ppm. Total phenolic content were 21.08 ± 0.49; 14.325 ± 0.21; 14.033 ± 0.33 dan 10.67 ± 0.12 mg GAE / g samples, while carotenoid levels were 23.28 ± 0.07; 25.78 ± 0.56; 11.85 ± 0.04; dan 41.44 ± 0.008 µmol / g sample.Keyword : Sea cucumber, Antioxidant, DPPH, Phenolic, Carotenoid  

scholarly journals Effect Type of Solvent for Extraction Binahong Leaves (Anrederacordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) on Saponin Levels by Gravimetric Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S7) ◽  
pp. 298-299
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Plant Constituents ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Secondary metabolites, also known as phytochemicals, natural products or plant constituents are responsible for medicinal properties of plants. The Secondary metabolite compounds contained in binahong leaves were steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols and tannins. The purpose of this research was for determine the content of saponin compounds in binahong leaves extract by gravimetric method with differents type of solvent. Binahong leaves made into simplicia and extracted using 3 types of solvents: 70% ethanol, 95% ethanol and methanol. The extraction was performed in reflux. The extract fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol solvent, respectively. The levels of saponin in fraction n-butanol determined by gravimetric methods. The results showed that the type of solvent had an effect on the levels of isolated saponins. The methanol solvent produced the highest saponins in 54.30%, 95% ethanol in 35.84% and 70% ethanol in 25.91%, respectively.

scholarly journals Antiplasmodial activity, biosynthetic gene clusters diversity, and secondary metabolite constituent of selected Indonesian Streptomyces

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ema Damayanti ◽  
Puspita Lisdiyanti ◽  
Andini Sundowo ◽  
Shanti Ratnakomala ◽  
Achmad Dinoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Clusters ◽  
Genus Streptomyces ◽  
Rdna Sequencing

Abstract. Damayanti E, Lisdiyanti P, Sundowo A, Ratnakomala S, Dinoto A, Widada J, Mustofa. 2021. Antiplasmodial activity, biosynthetic gene clusters diversity, and secondary metabolite constituent of selected Indonesian Streptomyces. Biodiversitas 22: 3478-3487. Actinobacteria of the genus Streptomyces are known as the primary candidate antibiotics, but still limited for antiplasmodial drugs. This study aimed to investigate the antiplasmodial activity, the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) diversity, and the secondary metabolites constituent of selected Indonesian Streptomyces. The bacteria were isolated from various habitats: karst soil (GMR22), mangrove sediments (BSE7F and SHP 22-7), and marine sediment (GMY01). Molecular identification by 16S rDNA sequencing were performed for confirmation and morphological characterization by scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed for identification. In vitro antiplasmodial assay was performed on human Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3. The BGCs which encode secondary metabolites were analysed using antiSMASH version 5 based on available whole genome sequence (WGS) data. The secondary metabolites were obtained from liquid fermentation followed by extraction using methanol and ethyl acetate. The secondary metabolites constituent was determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The molecular identification showed that GMR22 had similarity to Streptomyces lactacystinicus (98.02%), while BSE7F was similar to Streptomyces althioticus (97.06%), SHP 22-7 was similar to Streptomyces rochei (94.84%), and GMY01 to Streptomyces odonnellii (98.57%). All of isolates had morphological characteristics as the genus Streptomyces bacteria. The highest Plasmodium inhibition (81.84 ± 3.5%) was demonstrated by ethyl acetate extract of marine-derived Streptomyces sp. GMY01 (12.5 µg/mL). Non-ribosomal polyketide synthetase (NRPS), polyketide synthase (PKS) and hybrid of NRPS-PKS were the major BGCs in all Streptomyces. Majority of the Streptomyces produced compounds containing CHON elements with molecular weight approximately 100-400 Da. The active extract of GMY01 bacterium had five major detected compounds, namely kuraramine (C12H18N2O2), laminine (C9H20N2O2) 2-ethylacetanilide (C10H13NO), propoxur (C11H15NO3), and 3-methyl-1,2-diphenylbutan-1-one (C17H18O). This Indonesian marine bacterium is potential for bioassay guided isolation of antiplasmodial compounds in the future studies.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN METABOLIT SEKUNDER BAKTERI ENDOFIT AKAR TANAMAN Moringa oleifera L (Kelor)

Alotrop ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeta Kuntari ◽  
Sumpono Sumpono ◽  
Nurhamidah Nurhamidah
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Murashige Skoog

[ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SECONDARY METABOLITE FROM ENDOFIT BACTERIA OF  Moringa oleifera L (KELOR) ROOTS]  The purpose of this research was aims to isolate and measure the ability of antioxidant activity from secondary metabolites produced by endophytic bacteria that grow in the live tissue root  of Moringa oleifera L. (kelor). Endophytic bacteria were purified and cultured using a solid  Murashige-skoog (MS)  medium for 3 days at room temperature. Secondary metabolites were obtained by centrifugation process at a rate of 3000 rpm for 20 minutes. The bacterial fermentation process  using  Nutrient Broth  (NB) medium for 72 hours with a shaker speed at 170 rpm . The suspension supernatant was extracted with a maceration method using 86% ethyl acetate, followed by vacuum rotary evaporator concentration at 40 ° C. The extract antioxidant activity test  was performed using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 517 nm wavelength and ascorbic acid as standard. The result of DPPH test showed that the antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate extract of endophytic bacterial from root of M. oleifera L root has IC50 value at  315, 396 ppm.  Based on these results, it can be concluded that the secondary metabolite extract of endophytic bacterial from M. oleifera L root classified as weak antioxidant (IC50> 250 ppm).

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES COMPOUNDS, ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES ON THE METHANOL EXTRACT OF SEA CUCUMBER Stichopus hermanii

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Agar Diffusion Method

<p><strong>Identification of </strong>secondary metabolites, antibacterial and antioxidant activities assay of methanol extract of sea cucumber <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Stichopus</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">hermanii</span> were conducted from May to July 2011 at the Natural Products Laboratory, Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Sea cucumber used in this study comes from South Lampung waters. Objective of the study was to get information of secondary metabolites, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of methanol extract of sea cucumber <span style="text-decoration: underline;">S.</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">hermanii</span>. The extraction method which used in this experiment was the maceration method using methanol solvent. Identification of secondary metabolites was performed through observing reaction of colors, precipitation, and foaming. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of methanol extract from sea cucumber were tested using agar diffusion method and reducing of free radicals 1.1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) respectively. The results showed that secondary metabolites identified in the methanol extract of sea cucumber <span style="text-decoration: underline;">S.</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">hermanii</span> were saponin and steroids. Both secondary metabolites had antibacterial activities against <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Staphylococcus</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">aureus</span>, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Vibrio</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">eltor</span> and <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Bacilus</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">subtilis</span>. The analysis of antioxidant activity showed that the IC<sub>50</sub> value of methanol extract of sea cucumber <span style="text-decoration: underline;">S.</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">hermanii</span> was about 65.08 ppm. It indicated that <span style="text-decoration: underline;">S.</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">hermanii</span> is having potency as antibacterial and antioxidant.</p> <p>Keywords: antibacterial, antioxidants, sea cucumber <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Stichopus</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">hermanii</span>, secondary metabolites</p>

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