scholarly journals Prediction of the monthly cost of energy usage by PEMFC at housing in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 927 (1) ◽  
pp. 012035
Author(s):  
Taufiq Bin Nur ◽  
Mar’i Muhammad Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Fuel Cost ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Monthly Cost ◽  
Model And Simulation

Abstract The development of renewable energy is increasing nowadays. Besides, the development of energy conversion systems that can work at high efficiency also increases along with the decreasing availability of fossil energy. The fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts chemical reaction energy directly into direct current electrical energy. The use of fuel cells as power generating in housing has also increased rapidly, especially in developed countries. This study aims to develop a model and simulation for the Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) system with a working temperature of 165 °C) using Aspen Plus simulation. In this analysis, the model and simulation developed are used to predict the amount of fuel needed when used in housing as an electricity generator and obtain a monetary value for the monthly fuel procurement. The PEMFC system is designed to generate power up to 0.60 kW by consuming hydrogen fuel with a current density of 0.02 A/cm2. The hydrogen consumed by the PEMFC system is around 0.030 kg/hour, with a monthly cost of hydrogen consumption by the system is Rp. 2,052,000. Meanwhile, the monthly electricity from the national grid (PLN) bill costs around Rp. 569,261 (in the year 2019). In comparing the energy bill, at the moment, the fuel cost for PEMFC as a power generation system is much more expensive than PLN’s electricity consumption costs due to the high hydrogen fuel cost.

scholarly journals Comparative TCO Analysis of Battery Electric and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Buses for Public Transport System in Small to Midsize Cities

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4384
Author(s):  
Hanhee Kim ◽  
Niklas Hartmann ◽  
Maxime Zeller ◽  
Renato Luise ◽  
Tamer Soylu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Fuel Cost ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Bus Body

This paper shows the results of an in-depth techno-economic analysis of the public transport sector in a small to midsize city and its surrounding area. Public battery-electric and hydrogen fuel cell buses are comparatively evaluated by means of a total cost of ownership (TCO) model building on historical data and a projection of market prices. Additionally, a structural analysis of the public transport system of a specific city is performed, assessing best fitting bus lines for the use of electric or hydrogen busses, which is supported by a brief acceptance evaluation of the local citizens. The TCO results for electric buses show a strong cost decrease until the year 2030, reaching 23.5% lower TCOs compared to the conventional diesel bus. The optimal electric bus charging system will be the opportunity (pantograph) charging infrastructure. However, the opportunity charging method is applicable under the assumption that several buses share the same station and there is a “hotspot” where as many as possible bus lines converge. In the case of electric buses for the year 2020, the parameter which influenced the most on the TCO was the battery cost, opposite to the year 2030 in where the bus body cost and fuel cost parameters are the ones that dominate the TCO, due to the learning rate of the batteries. For H2 buses, finding a hotspot is not crucial because they have a similar range to the diesel ones as well as a similar refueling time. H2 buses until 2030 still have 15.4% higher TCO than the diesel bus system. Considering the benefits of a hypothetical scaling-up effect of hydrogen infrastructures in the region, the hydrogen cost could drop to 5 €/kg. In this case, the overall TCO of the hydrogen solution would drop to a slightly lower TCO than the diesel solution in 2030. Therefore, hydrogen buses can be competitive in small to midsize cities, even with limited routes. For hydrogen buses, the bus body and fuel cost make up a large part of the TCO. Reducing the fuel cost will be an important aspect to reduce the total TCO of the hydrogen bus.

A Comparative Study of Hydrogen Storage and Hydrocarbon Fuel Processing for Automotive Fuel Cells

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Kazemiabnavi ◽  
Aneet Soundararaj ◽  
Haniyeh Zamani ◽  
Bjoern Scharf ◽  
Priya Thyagarajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Fuel Cost ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Fuel Processing ◽  
Gasoline Vehicles

In recent years, there has been increased interest in fuel cells as a promising energy storage technology. The environmental impacts due to the extensive fossil fuel consumption is becoming increasingly important as greenhouse gas (GHG) levels in the atmosphere continue to rise rapidly. Furthermore, fuel cell efficiencies are not limited by the Carnot limit, a major thermodynamic limit for power plants and internal combustion engines. Therefore, hydrogen fuel cells could provide a long-term solution to the automotive industry, in its search for alternate propulsion systems. Two most important methods for hydrogen delivery to fuel cells used for vehicle propulsion were evaluated in this study, which are fuel processing and hydrogen storage. Moreover, the average fuel cost and the greenhouse gas emission for hydrogen fuel cell (H2 FCV) and gasoline fuel cell (GFCV) vehicles are compared to that of a regular gasoline vehicle based on the Argonne National Lab’s GREET model. The results show that the average fuel cost per 100 miles for a H2 FCV can be up to 57% lower than that of regular gasoline vehicles. Moreover, the obtained results confirm that the well to wheel greenhouse gas emission of both H2 FCV and GFCV is significantly less than that of regular gasoline vehicles. Furthermore, the investment return period for hydrogen storage techniques are compared to fuel processing methods. A qualitative safety and infrastructure dependency comparison of hydrogen storage and fuel processing methods is also presented.

scholarly journals Fuel Cells: The Next Evolution

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 581-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Lashway
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractThe articles in this issue of MRS Bulletin highlight the enormous potential of fuel cells for generating electricity using multiple fuels and crossing a wide range of applications. Fuel cells convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy, and as a powergeneration module, they can be viewed as a continuously operating battery.They take in air (or pure oxygen, for aerospace or undersea applications) and hydrocarbon or hydrogen fuel to produce direct current at various outputs. The electrical output can be converted and then connected to motors to generate much cleaner and more fuelefficient power than is possible from internal combustion engines, even when combined with electrical generators in today's hybrid engines. The commercialization of these fuel cell technologies is contingent upon additional advances in materials science that will suit the aggressive electrochemical environment of fuel cells (i.e., both reducing an oxidizing) and provide ionic and electrical conductance for thousands of hours of operation.

scholarly journals Model of a prototype vehicle powered by a hybrid hydrogen system

2021 ◽  
Vol 2130 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
M Gilewski ◽  
J Czarnigowski ◽  
J Hunicz ◽  
K Dubeński ◽  
M Szafran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Model Identification ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Electric Drive System ◽  
University Of Technology

Abstract The paper presents a physical mathematical model of the movement of a prototype vehicle equipped with an electric drive system powered by two sources of hydrogen fuel cell and supercapacitors. The model is based on the analysis of the forces acting on the vehicle during motion, taking into account both resistance to motion and propulsion. The model also considers the flow of electrical energy from two sources: a hydrogen fuel cell and supercapacitors, taking into account energy buffering. The aim of the model was to develop a tool to analyse fuel consumption at different control strategies of energy flow in a vehicle. The paper also presents the results of model identification for the Hydros prototype vehicle developed at Lublin University of Technology for the Shell Eco Marathon competition. Model validation was performed for a selected run during the 2019 London competition. High agreement of the model with the results of the actual vehicle was obtained.

Current Status of Fuel Cell Technologies

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Ni
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Principal Characteristic ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Cell Technologies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Potential Applications

A fuel cell is an electrochemical energy conversion device for electricity generation using hydrogen fuel. The principal characteristic of a fuel cell is that it can convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy with higher efficiencies than conventional mechanical systems. The emission of fuel cells using hydrogen as a fuel is only water vapour. Fuel cells are currently under development for both stationary and mobile applications in response to the need for sustainable energy technology. This paper reviews current status of fuel cell technologies, compares different types of fuel cells. The potential applications of fuel cells are discussed.

Highlights of Fuel Cell Modeling From a Lattice Boltzmann Method Point of View

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayken Espinoza ◽  
Bengt Sundén ◽  
Martin Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Lattice Boltzmann Method ◽  
Lattice Boltzmann ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Cell Modeling ◽  
Fuel Cell Modeling ◽  
Boltzmann Method

Relative simplicity of use, no pollutions and high-efficiency are some of the advantages that will make fuel cells one of the best devices for getting electrical energy in the near future. Micro- and mesoscale modeling of fuel cells gives an important perspective about their efficiency and behavior during the energy conversion process. Due to the high cost of carrying out laboratory experiments related to different materials at the micro- and mesoscales, modeling and simulation of the different elements of the fuel cells are a useful approach and a point of departure for the experimental validation. This paper describes fuel cell modeling starting with the fundamentals, including physical and chemical characteristics of fuel cells, moving to the current state of the study of modeling based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). The principal characteristics and elements of the fuel cells are presented in general as well as the main differences between the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) and Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC). Fuel cells have several parts that are modeled on the micro- and mesoscale level. These parts, conditions and governing equations for different transport phenomena are displayed in this manuscript. A detailed description of the main issues, advantages and recent advances related to Lattice Boltzmann Method as a method for modeling several physical processes that take place within fuel cells are presented.

Model Calculation of Energy Carriers Expenses on the Basis of Biogas in System Reformer - Fuel Cell for Autonomous Power Supply Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 725-726 ◽  
pp. 1602-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav V. Zhazhkov ◽  
Marina Yu. Zubkova ◽  
Vladimir I. Maslikov ◽  
Dmitry V. Molodtsov ◽  
Alexander N. Chusov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Supply Systems

This paper presents the results of experiments and calculations of the energy expenses in tandem system reformer - fuel cell on hydrogenous fuel derived from biogas. Possibility of electricity generation based on complex use of organic and hydrogenous fuel at creation of objects of distributive systems of power supply will approach energy sources to the consumer, having increased energy-economic indicators and efficiency of fuel use. A promising direction in the creation of autonomous power supply systems in low-rise residential development is the use of fuel cells running on hydrogenous fuel derived from biogas Expenses of hydrogen fuel to operate the power installation with a predetermined capacity comparable with the required amount of hydrogen obtained by electrolysis. The calculated value of the efficiency of the system reformer - fuel cell, based on data on the required quantity of biogas and methane, as well as numerical characteristics of workflows fuel system, equal to 38.4%, confirms the relatively high efficiency of the use of hydrogenous fuel for the tasks of autonomous power supply. Usage of relatively low-cost hydrogen-containing fuel obtained from biogas from local secondary renewable resources will contribute to the creation of autonomous economic systems of power supply.

scholarly journals An Innovative Bidirectional DC-AC Converter to Improve Power Quality in a Grid-Connected Microgrid

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastien Bissey ◽  
Sebastien Jacques ◽  
Cedric Reymond ◽  
Jean-Charles Le Bunetel
Keyword(s):  
Power Quality ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Uninterruptible Power

The management of the electrical energy still raises a huge interest for end-users at the household level. Home electricity management systems (HEMS) have recently emerged both to warrant uninterruptible power and high power quality, and to decrease the cost of electricity consumption, by either shifting it in off peak time or smoothing it. Such a HEMS requires a bidirectional DC-AC converter, specifically when an energy transfer is required between a storage system and the AC-grid, and vice versa. This article points out the relevance of an innovative topology based on sinusoidal waveforms from the generation of sine half-waves. Such a topology is based on a DC-DC stage equivalent to an adjustable output voltage source and a DC-AC stage (H-bridge) which are in series. The results of a complete experimental procedure prove the feasibility to improve the power quality of the output signals in terms of total harmonic distortion (THD-values about 5%). The complexity of the proposed converter is minimized in comparison with multilevel topologies. Finally, wide band-gap semiconductor devices (SiC MOSFETs) are helpful both to warrant the compactness and the high efficiency (about 96%) of the bidirectional converter, whatever its operation mode (inverter or rectifier mode).

scholarly journals Exergy analysis of combined cycle of gas turbine and solid oxide fuel cell in different compression ratios

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Esmaeel Fatahian ◽  
Navid Tonekaboni ◽  
Hossein Fatahian
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Due to the growing trend of energy consumption in the world uses of methods and new energy production systems with high efficiency and low emissions have been prioritized. Today, with the development of different systems of energy production, different techniques such as the use of solar energy, wind energy, fuel cells, micro turbines and diesel generators in cogeneration have been considered, each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. Having a reliable energy generation system, inexpensive and availability the use of fuel cells as a major candidate has been introduced. Fuel cells converting chemical energy to electrical energy that today are one as a new technology in energy production are considered. In this paper fuel cell compression ratios 4, 4.1 and 4.2 at an ambient temperature of 298 K have been simulated and ultimately optimum ratio 4.1 for modeling has been selected. All components of cycle, including the stack of fuel cell, combustion chamber, air compressors, recuperator and gas turbine was evaluated from the viewpoint of exergy and exergy destruction rate was calculated by EES software.

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