Chronic and Acute Compressive Spinal Cord Lesions in Dogs due to Intervertebral Disc Herniation Are Associated With Elevation in Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid Glutamate Concentration

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1215-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
NATASHA J. OLBY ◽  
NICK J.H. SHARP ◽  
KAREN R. MUÑANA ◽  
MARK G. PAPICH
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Disc Herniation ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Herniation ◽  
Spinal Cord Lesions ◽  
Glutamate Concentration ◽  
Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid

scholarly journals Identification of ventrolateral intramedullary intervertebral disc herniation in a dog

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Kitagawa ◽  
Midori Okada ◽  
Kiichi Kanayama ◽  
Takeo Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Dura Mater ◽  
Disc Herniation ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Herniation ◽  
Thoracic Vertebrae ◽  
Exit Point ◽  
First Case

A 10-year-old male cross-breed dog was brought to Nihon University Animal Hospital with a history of acute onset of paralysis in the pelvic limbs 13 days previously. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intramedullary linear tract in the spinal cord at the thoracic vertebrae 12–13 region, which appeared hyperintense on T2-weighted images, but was hypointense and isointense on T1-weighted images when compared with normal parenchyma of the spinal cord. A hemilaminectomy was performed and a blob of what appeared to be fibrous tissue was found adhering to the surface of the dura mater. The diameter of the blob was about 4 mm. A durotomy was performed over the affected area and chondroid material was found within the spinal cord. Material from the nucleus pulposus penetrated the dura mater from the ventral aspect of the spinal cord in previously reported intramedullary intervertebral disc herniation cases, but, in this case, penetration occurred from the left ventrolateral aspect and progressed through to the right lateral aspect, forming a visible blob of what appeared to be fibrous tissue on the surface of the dura mater at the exit point. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first case report of an intramedullary intervertebral disc herniation originating from the ventrolateral aspect of the spinal cord in a dog.

T9-T10 Intervertebral Disc Herniation in Three Dogs

1996 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 177-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Selcer ◽  
W. H. Adams ◽  
W. B. Thomas ◽  
B. E. Wilkens
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Disc Herniation ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Herniation ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Pain Sensation ◽  
Thoracolumbar Region ◽  
Disc Material

SummaryThree middle-aged (6-8 years), intact male Dachshunds were admitted to the University of Tennessee Veterinary Teaching Hospital (UTVTH) with acute onset of back pain and pelvic limb paralysis.Physical examination of dog #1 revealed hyperaesthesia of the thoracolumbar spine. Superficial pain sensation was absent in the pelvic limbs, while deep pain sensation was intact. The cutaneous trunci (panniculus) reflex was absent caudal to the thoraco-lumbar region. Reflexes to the pelvic limbs were exaggerated.A myelogram showed dorsal deviation of the ventral contrast column and attenuation of the ventral and dorsal contrast columns at the T9-T10 disc space. A hemilaminectomy was performed from T9 to T10, and mineralized disc material was retrieved from the vertebral canal at T9-T10. The T9- T10 to L3-L4 disc spaces were fenestrated. Two weeks after surgery, superficial and deep pain sensation of the rearlimbs were present, but paralysis persisted. The animal was euthanatised at the owners’ request. A postmortem examination was not performed.Dog #2 displayed absent superficial pain sensation, and intact deep pain sensation of the pelvic limbs. Hyperaesthesia of the thoracolumbar region and hyperreflexia of the rear limbs were noted. Examination of the cutaneous trunci reflex was not performed. A myelogram revealed ventral extradural compression of the spinal cord at T9- T10. A T9-T10 hemilaminectomy revealed a large amount of extruded disc material, which was removed. The Tll- T12 to L4-L5 intervertebral discs were fenestrated. Forty-eight hours postoperatively, the patient regained voluntary motor function, and recovery was uneventful.Neurologic examination of dog #3 revealed absence of deep pain sensation in the pelvic limbs; duration of which was not known. Spinal radiographs and myelography revealed ventral extradural spinal cord compression at T9-T10 (Fig.). A right-sided hemilaminectomy at T9-T10 revealed a large amount of calcified disc material, ventral to the spinal cord. The T11-T12 through Ll- L2 intervertebral discs were fenestrated. Sixty days postoperatively, paralysis persisted and the dog was euthanatised. No postmortem examination was performed.Herniation of the T9-T10 intervertebral disc was diagnosed in three Dachshunds with acute paraplegia. The clinical diagnosis and surgical management of T9-T10 disc herniation are similar to that in the more common sites of disc herniation.

scholarly journals Emerging and Adjunctive Therapies for Spinal Cord Injury Following Acute Canine Intervertebral Disc Herniation

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa J. Lewis ◽  
Nicolas Granger ◽  
Nick D. Jeffery ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Disc Herniation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Herniation ◽  
Veterinary Clinic ◽  
Cord Injury

Some dogs do not make a full recovery following medical or surgical management of acute canine intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH), highlighting the limits of currently available treatment options. The multitude of difficulties in treating severe spinal cord injury are well-recognized, and they have spurred intense laboratory research, resulting in a broad range of strategies that might have value in treating spinal cord-injured dogs. These include interventions that aim to directly repair the spinal cord lesion, promote axonal sparing or regeneration, mitigate secondary injury through neuroprotective mechanisms, or facilitate functional compensation. Despite initial promise in experimental models, many of these techniques have failed or shown mild efficacy in clinical trials in humans and dogs, although high quality evidence is lacking for many of these interventions. However, the continued introduction of new options to the veterinary clinic remains important for expanding our understanding of the mechanisms of injury and repair and for development of novel and combined strategies for severely affected dogs. This review outlines adjunctive or emerging therapies that have been proposed as treatment options for dogs with acute IVDH, including discussion of local or lesion-based approaches as well as systemically applied treatments in both acute and subacute-to-chronic settings. These interventions include low-level laser therapy, electromagnetic fields or oscillating electrical fields, adjunctive surgical techniques (myelotomy or durotomy), systemically or locally-applied hypothermia, neuroprotective chemicals, physical rehabilitation, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, electroacupuncture, electrical stimulation of the spinal cord or specific peripheral nerves, nerve grafting strategies, 4-aminopyridine, chondroitinase ABC, and cell transplantation.

Intervertebral disc herniation in two coatis (Nasua nasua) and postoperative laminectomy membrane formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (05) ◽  
pp. 330-336
Author(s):  
Michael Fehr ◽  
Jasmin Neßler ◽  
Alexandra Schütter ◽  
Peter Dziallas ◽  
Viktor Molnár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Disc Herniation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Herniation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Nasua Nasua ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Laminectomy Membrane

SummaryMagnetic resonance imaging revealed spinal cord compression due to intervertebral disc herniation of Hansen type I and II in the thoracolumbar vertebral column in two middle-aged coatis (Nasua nasua) with chronic progressive paraparesis. Surgical treatment included hemilaminectomy and partial corpectomy in one and dorsal laminectomy in the other coati. Both coatis recovered well after surgery. One showed unremarkable gait 6 and 15 months post surgery, while the other one suffered from recurrence of paraparesis leading to euthanasia because of deterioration of neurological signs 20 months after the first surgery. Necropsy revealed formation of a laminectomy membrane compressing the spinal cord. Histopathological signs of spinal cord injury and findings of degenerative processes in the intervertebral disc were comparable to those described in dogs. In conclusion, this case report shows for the first time that surgical intervention seems to be a useful and safe treatment in chronic intervertebral disc herniation in coatis, but relapses are possible.

Reduced Spinal Cord Movement With the Straight Leg Raise Test in Patients With Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation

Spine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (15) ◽  
pp. 1117-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinko Rade ◽  
Janne Pesonen ◽  
Mervi Könönen ◽  
Jarkko Marttila ◽  
Michael Shacklock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Disc Herniation ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Herniation ◽  
Lumbar Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation ◽  
Straight Leg Raise
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