scholarly journals Identifying Effective Behavior Change Techniques for Alcohol and Illicit Substance Use During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 769-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libby Fergie ◽  
Katarzyna A Campbell ◽  
Tom Coleman-Haynes ◽  
Michael Ussher ◽  
Sue Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Intervention Design ◽  
Behavior Change Techniques ◽  
Cochrane Reviews

Abstract Background During pregnancy, consuming alcohol and using illicit drugs can have serious health implications for both mother and child. Behavioral change interventions, especially those underpinned by theoretical constructs, can be effective in reducing harmful substance use among pregnant women. Purpose To understand what type of behavior change mechanisms could be useful in reducing alcohol consumption or achieving abstinence from illicit drug use during pregnancy, this review aimed to identify behavior change techniques (BCTs), the smallest, active components of interventions that may be effective. It also aimed to establish the extent that psychosocial-based theories were used to inform intervention design. Methods To identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs), five databases were searched electronically from the end search dates of the most recent Cochrane systematic reviews on behavioral interventions for each behavior, until March 2018. Within the RCTs, intervention descriptions were analyzed for BCT content and extent of theory use in the intervention design process and outcome measurements, in each trial, was established. “Effectiveness percentages,” the number of times a BCT had been a component of an effective intervention divided by the total number of interventions it had been used in, were calculated for BCTs used in two or more trials. Results Including all RCTs from the Cochrane reviews, and those published subsequently, nine alcohol and six illicit drug trials were identified. Interventions tested in four alcohol RCTs and no illicit drugs RCTs showed positive results. Subsequent data were extracted for alcohol consumption trials only. Thirteen BCTs showed “potential effectiveness” for alcohol consumption. Six of nine included alcohol trials reported using theory but not extensively. Conclusions Action planning, behavioral contract, prompts/cues, self-talk, offer/direct toward written material, problem solving, feedback on behavior, social support (unspecified), information about health consequences, behavior substitution, assess current readiness and ability to reduce excess alcohol consumption, goal setting (behavior), and tailor interactions appropriately are BCTs that could be useful in helping reduce alcohol consumption among pregnant women.

Examining Variations of Digital Behavior Change Techniques for Physical Activity Using an Adaptive Intervention Design (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Brainard ◽  
Mohammad Soltani ◽  
Heather Cole-Lewis ◽  
Claudia Hernandez ◽  
Shawn T. Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Intervention Design ◽  
User Engagement ◽  
Behavior Change Techniques ◽  
Adaptive Intervention ◽  
Activity Behavior

BACKGROUND To foster physical activity behavior, technology often incorporates evidence-based behavior change techniques (BCTs). However, a gap exists on how to apply BCTs for optimal behavior change, and do so in time-varying adaptive interventions. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated BCT variations using an adaptive intervention design that randomly assigned participants to a different intervention version based on whether participants met a self-determined physical activity goal. METHODS The study contained three intervention versions (individual pursuit, community comparison, and team competition). Each version included variations of 4 BCTs (goal setting, action planning, feedback, and prompts & cues). The individual pursuit version was the control, while versions two and three received variations of the social competition/comparison BCT. BCTs were delivered via phone app, phone texts, and a Garmin vivofit 3™. Participants who did not increase physical activity in the first 21 days as compared to their baseline were re-randomized into a different intervention version, reassessed at 42 days, and re-randomized again if physical activity did not increase. Ecological momentary assessments were conducted for secondary measures of self-efficacy, barriers, expectations, motivation, mood, social support, and well-being. RESULTS A total 158 adults in central Florida with low to moderate levels of physical activity, were randomized into one of three intervention versions. Based on a subsample analysis of 87 participants, those who received the team competition intervention version first, followed by community comparison, and individual pursuit, saw the greatest increase in their overall physical activity as compared to other intervention orders. In addition, five distinct behavioral pattern subgroups were identified. We also predicted the likelihood of a participant being active or inactive 14 days into observation and with >80% precision. There was also evidence that app usage in the first 21 days of observation was positively associated with physical activity behavior at study conclusion. CONCLUSIONS The way BCTs are designed and the sequence in which they are delivered can impact physical activity behavior. Additional work is needed on determinants of physical activity behavior, as well as longevity of BCT novelty and user engagement. CLINICALTRIAL N/A

scholarly journals Barriers and Facilitators That Influence Providers’ Ability to Educate, Monitor, and Treat Substance Use in First-Episode Psychosis Programs Using the Theoretical Domains Framework

2021 ◽  
pp. 104973232199344
Author(s):  
Oladunni Oluwoye ◽  
Elizabeth Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Theoretical Domains Framework ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Behavior Change Techniques ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
And Behavior

In this qualitative study, we explore providers’ experiences with addressing substance use among individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP) enrolled in coordinated specialty care (CSC) programs. Three focus groups were conducted with 24 providers from CSC programs for FEP in Washington. Questions were focused on barriers and facilitators to addressing substance use using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) as a guide. Thematic analysis was used to code all transcripts. Identified TDF domains were then mapped onto the COM-B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behavior) intervention functions and behavior change techniques. Seven theoretical domains were identified as the most relevant to addressing substance use: “Knowledge,” “Skills,” “Environmental Context and Resources,” “Social Influences,” “Social and Professional Role and Identity,” “Beliefs about Capabilities,” and “Reinforcement.” The use of the TDF provides a framework to explore barriers and facilitators for targeting substance use and suggestions for behavior change techniques when considering implementation of evidence-based strategies to enhance CSC models.

Making a Difference: The Experiences of Midwives Working With Women Who Use Illicit Drugs

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-254
Author(s):  
Maureen Miles ◽  
Ysanne Chapman ◽  
Karen Francis
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Harm Minimization ◽  
Difference Making ◽  
Present Complex ◽  
Making A Difference

AIM:This article describes the experiences of midwives who choose to work with pregnant women who use illicit drugs.BACKGROUND:Pregnant women who use illicit drugs present complex challenges for those who choose to work with them. Society’s views on illicit drug use fluctuate from acceptance and harm minimization to reprimand and retribution.METHOD:Qualitative interviews were conducted between June and August 2009 with 12 Australian midwives. A thematic analysis method informed by hermeneutic phenomenology was applied to interpret this data to explicate lived experiences and gain deeper understanding and meanings of this phenomenon.FINDINGS:Three major themes encapsulated the experience: making a difference, making partnerships, and learning to let go. The focus of this article, “making a difference,” included two subthemes of “working on the margins” and “transition and transformation.” The midwives were both rewarded and challenged by the needs of women who use illicit drugs and by the systems in which they worked.CONCLUSIONS:The midwives acknowledged that their aspirations “to make a difference” was not always sufficient when working with women who use illicit drugs. They also require the establishment of maternity services that are compassionate and accessible, including woman–care provider partnerships and continuity of the care environments.

scholarly journals The prevalence of substance use among adolescents and its correlation with social and demographic factors

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusica Rakic ◽  
Branislava Rakic ◽  
Zoran Milosevic ◽  
Ivan Nedeljkovic
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Pocket Money ◽  
Novi Sad

Backround/Aim. Adolescence is the period of greatest risk of starting to use substances: cigarette smoking, alcohol and illicit drugs. In the first decade of this millennium substance use among adolescents has increased. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of substances use among adolescents and its correlation with social and demographic factors. Methods. The study was conducted among adolescents in Novi Sad during 2010-2011 and included 594 conveniently selected adolescents (275 male and 319 female), aged 15-19 years. A special questionnaire was used and statistical analysis performed in SPSS17. The correlation between parameters was evaluated by the Pearson correlation method and frequency differences were analysed using ?2 test and starting level was p < 0.05. Results. The prevalence of substance use was statistically higher in males. Cigarettes were smoked daily by 21.45% males and 15.67% females (p < 0.01), alcohol was consumed by 81.6% males and 69.11% females (p < 0.001) and illicit drugs were used by 13.65% males and 8.30% females (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between smoking cigarettes and alcohol consumption, but negative between smoking cigarettes and the use of illicit drugs (p < 0.01). The prevalence of substance use was statistically higher among adolescents with poor achievement in school (p < 0.01), who lived in a broken home (illicit drugs p < 0.01) and who had more pocket money (cigarette smoking p < 0.01, and alcohol consumption p < 0.5). Conclusion. Stable family, lower amount of pocket money weekly and good school performance are protective factors in prevention of substances use among adolescents.

scholarly journals Behavior Change Techniques in Wrist-Worn Wearables to Promote Physical Activity: Content Analysis (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Düking ◽  
Marie Tafler ◽  
Birgit Wallmann-Sperlich ◽  
Billy Sperlich ◽  
Sonja Kleih
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Behavior Change Techniques ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Current Behavior

BACKGROUND Decreasing levels of physical activity (PA) increase the incidences of noncommunicable diseases, obesity, and mortality. To counteract these developments, interventions aiming to increase PA are urgently needed. Mobile health (mHealth) solutions such as wearable sensors (wearables) may assist with an improvement in PA. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine which behavior change techniques (BCTs) are incorporated in currently available commercial high-end wearables that target users’ PA behavior. METHODS The BCTs incorporated in 5 different high-end wearables (Apple Watch Series 3, Garmin Vívoactive 3, Fitbit Versa, Xiaomi Amazfit Stratos 2, and Polar M600) were assessed by 2 researchers using the BCT Taxonomy version 1 (BCTTv1). Effectiveness of the incorporated BCTs in promoting PA behavior was assessed by a content analysis of the existing literature. RESULTS The most common BCTs were goal setting (behavior), action planning, review behavior goal(s), discrepancy between current behavior and goal, feedback on behavior, self-monitoring of behavior, and biofeedback. Fitbit Versa, Garmin Vívoactive 3, Apple Watch Series 3, Polar M600, and Xiaomi Amazfit Stratos 2 incorporated 17, 16, 12, 11, and 11 BCTs, respectively, which are proven to effectively promote PA. CONCLUSIONS Wearables employ different numbers and combinations of BCTs, which might impact their effectiveness in improving PA. To promote PA by employing wearables, we encourage researchers to develop a taxonomy specifically designed to assess BCTs incorporated in wearables. We also encourage manufacturers to customize BCTs based on the targeted populations.

scholarly journals Online and Offline Behavior Change Techniques to Promote a Healthy Lifestyle: A Qualitative Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 521
Author(s):  
Daniël Bossen ◽  
Monique Bak ◽  
Katja Braam ◽  
Manon Wentink ◽  
Jasmijn Holla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Support Functions ◽  
Behavior Change Techniques ◽  
Actual Performance

Combined lifestyle interventions (CLI) are focused on guiding clients with weight-related health risks into a healthy lifestyle. CLIs are most often delivered through face-to-face sessions with limited use of eHealth technologies. To integrate eHealth into existing CLIs, it is important to identify how behavior change techniques are being used by health professionals in the online and offline treatment of overweight clients. Therefore, we conducted online semi-structured interviews with providers of online and offline lifestyle interventions. Data were analyzed using an inductive thematic approach. Thirty-eight professionals with (n = 23) and without (n = 15) eHealth experience were interviewed. Professionals indicate that goal setting and action planning, providing feedback and monitoring, facilitating social support, and shaping knowledge are of high value to improve physical activity and eating behaviors. These findings suggest that it may be beneficial to use monitoring devices combined with video consultations to provide just-in-time feedback based on the client’s actual performance. In addition, it can be useful to incorporate specific social support functions allowing CLI clients to interact with each other. Lastly, our results indicate that online modules can be used to enhance knowledge about health consequences of unhealthy behavior in clients with weight-related health risks.

Association Between Postpartum Substance Use and Depressive Symptoms, Stress, and Social Support in Adolescent Mothers

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Barnet ◽  
Anne K. Duggan ◽  
Michele D. Wilson ◽  
Alain Joffe
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Substance Users ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Use

Objective. Substance use by pregnant teenagers is an important public health problem, but published data on alcohol and illicit drug use by parenting teenagers are virtually nonexistent. This study determined the prevalence of alcohol and drug use in adolescent mothers in the first 4 months postpartum and explored associated psychosocial characteristics. Methods. Teenagers attending a comprehensive adolescent pregnancy and parenting program were enrolled consecutively during a routine third trimester prenatal visit. Alcohol use since delivery was determined by self-report at 4 months postpartum using an instrument developed for the 1984 Survey of Drug Abuse Among Maryland Adolescents. Illicit drug use was measured with anonymous quantitative urine drug screens at 2 and 4 months postpartum. Depressive symptoms, stress, and social support were assessed at 2 and 4 months postpartum using validated, self-administered instruments. Differences in demographic characteristics, peer group influences, and psychosocial variables between substance users and nonusers were evaluated. Results. Participants (125/129 eligible) were predominantly African-American, mean age 16.3 years. Completed assessments were obtained from 110 at 2 months and 105 at 4 months postpartum. Forty-two percent screened positive for illicit drugs at a postpartum visit or reported using alcohol since delivering their baby and were classified as substance users. Thirty-one percent of subjects reported alcohol use since delivery. Marijuana was the most prevalent illicit drug (14%), followed by opiates (5%), and cocaine (4%). When substance users were compared with nonusers, 44% versus 24% scored depressed (P = .02), 62% versus 43% had high stress (P = .04), and 62% versus 44% reported a high need for social support (P = .07). Results of logistic regression, after controlling for age, indicated that illicit substance and/or alcohol use was 3.3 times greater for those who were depressed, 2.8 times greater if they reported friends' using illicit drugs, and 6.7 times greater if the adolescent reported smoking cigarettes since delivery. Conclusions. This study indicates that alcohol and drug use are common among this sample of postpartum teenage mothers and that depression, stress, high support need, and peer group drug use are associated factors. Although this study cannot determine whether depression and stress precede or result from use of substances, attention to these factors appears warranted in the care of adolescent mothers.

Abstract 13773: Applied Behavior Change Techniques in Self-care Interventions for Patients With a Chronic Condition

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Riegel ◽  
Heleen Westland ◽  
Paolo Iovino ◽  
Ingrid Barelds ◽  
Joyce Bruins Slot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Chronic Condition ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Behavior Change Techniques ◽  
Care Intervention ◽  
Intervention Trials ◽  
Behavior Change Technique

Introduction: Self-care requires behavior change in patients and healthcare providers play a pivotal role in supporting those changes. Examination of the behavior change techniques used by providers in self-care interventions can provide insights into how self-care behavior is enhanced in patients with a chronic condition. Objective: To quantify the behavior change techniques used to enhance healthy behavior in self-care interventions for patients with a chronic condition. Methods: Studies from a scoping review (n=233) were reviewed to identify behavior change techniques used in studies testing self-care interventions in adults with nine chronic conditions, most of which were CVDs. All studies were published between January 2008 and January 2019. Nine techniques from the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy V1 (with 93 consensually agreed, distinct techniques) were selected for review because they are commonly used by a broad range of disciplines and have previously been shown to influence behavior change. Results: The 233 studies represent 59,950 patients, mean age 59.5 (±8.3) years, 44% female. Study sample sizes ranged from 24 to 2,445 patients. Most studies focused on DM2 (n=85; 36%), HTN (n=32; 14%) or HF (n=27; 12%). Most interventions targeted only patients (n=207; 89%). Goal setting (n=113; 48%) and problem solving (n=92; 40%) were the behavior change techniques used predominantly. Action planning, feedback and review of behavioral goals were used in 46-60 (20%-26%) studies and most commonly in patients with DM2 or CAD and rarely in patients with HTN or HF. Information about health consequences was used in 46 (20%) studies. Social support (n=17; 7%) and reminders (n=13; 6%) were rarely used. Conclusions: Few behavior change techniques were specified in the published self-care intervention trials. In future research, behavior change techniques and the associated mechanisms of actions need to be specified to support self-care intervention research.

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