2. Beginnings

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Frank Ledwidge
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Air Force ◽  
First World War ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Royal Air Force ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

Once powered aircraft had taken to the air in the early 20th century, it did not take long for their potential as a military instrument to be realized. The First World War demonstrated that aeroplanes would indeed be war machines, and very formidable ones. ‘Beginnings: the First World War 1914–1918’ explains that whilst it was never a decisive arm on any WW1 front, all the elements of aircraft’s future deployment were present with the exception of its mobility potential. By the end of the war, the combatant nations had thousands of aircraft in their inventories with their attendant administrative and logistical structures. The world’s first independent air arm, the Royal Air Force, had been formed.

The Contribution of Radio Telephony, Telegraphy and the Later Electronic Techniques to Aviation

1966 ◽  
Vol 70 (661) ◽  
pp. 230-231
Author(s):  
F. S. Barton ◽  
N. Cox Walker
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Air Force ◽  
First World War ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
World War ◽  
Royal Air Force ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

The Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service, which were combined in 1918 to form the Royal Air Force, both ended the First World War with radio communication by telegraphy and telephony between aircraft and ground stations and between actual aircraft.The equipment to achieve this was the result of research and development carried out for the Royal Flying Corps at various military establishments such as the Signals Experimental Establishment at Woolwich and for the Royal Naval Air Service, first at Eastchurch, Isle of Sheppey, and latterly at Cranwell.

Social charity of children during the First World War

2020 ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
Aleksei I. Chubarov ◽  
Pavel P. Shcherbinin
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
First World War ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First World

We examine the activities of state, public and charitable organizations aimed at providing assistance to children of lower ranks, called for mobilization and underage refugees. We conduct a brief analysis of the evolution of assistance to children in the Russian Empire from the moment of the adoption of the Charter on Universal Military Service in 1874 to the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, during which, along with institutions that had established themselves earlier, organizations that owe their the appearance of military events began to provide assistance to children. The main directions of assistance to minors during the studied period are considered: the issuance of permanent benefits and lump sum payments, the creation of permanent shelters and seasonal nurseries, the organization of primary and labor education. We provide data on social support for orphans during the First World War of 1914–1918 both at the all-Russian and at the governorate level, which makes it possible to assess the options and possibilities of rendering as-sistance to such troubled children. The results of the study of the stated scientific problem made it possible to identify and evaluate not only the possibilities of a welfare state in the Russian Empire of early 20th century, but also bright pages of zemstvo support, charitable initiatives of provincial patrons, social service of various representatives of urban and rural societies. Military everyday life, like a litmus test, outlined the most typical manifestations of social support for orphans in im-perial Russia of early 20th century, as well as elements of civil initiative and social self-organization of various representatives of the country’s population. The ethno-confessional possi-bilities of social support for soldiers’ children are clarified, as well as the organization of the work of agricultural shelters, nurseries and other social organizations and structures.

Desert Insurgency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Air Force ◽  
First World War ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Guerrilla Warfare ◽  
World War ◽  
Royal Air Force ◽  
Archaeological Investigation ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

This book explores the once-hidden conflict landscape along the Hejaz Railway in the desert sands of southern Jordan. Built at the beginning of the twentieth century. This railway track stretched from Damascus to Medina and served to facilitate participation in the annual Muslim Hajj to Mecca. The discovery and archaeological investigation of an unknown landscape of insurgency and counterinsurgency along this route tells a different story of the origins of modern guerrilla warfare; the exploits of T. E. Lawrence, Emir Feisal, and Bedouin warriors; and the dramatic events of the Arab Revolt of 1916–18. Ten years of research in this prehistoric terrain has revealed sites lost for almost 100 years: vast campsites occupied by railway builders; Ottoman Turkish machine-gun redoubts; Rolls-Royce armoured-car raiding camps; an ephemeral Royal Air Force desert aerodrome; as well as the actual site of the Hallat Ammar railway ambush. Ultimately, this unique and richly illustrated account tells, in intimate detail, the story of a seminal episode of the First World War and the reshaping of the Middle East that followed.

scholarly journals Serbian Atlases in the 19th and Early 20th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jelena Glišović ◽  
Žarko Ilić
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
First World War ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Teaching Tool ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Creation ◽  
History Classes ◽  
First World

Abstract. Atlases published in the Serbian language in the 19th and early 20th century, with rare exceptions were used as an auxiliary teaching tool in geography and history classes. The aim of this paper is to point out all the atlases that were in use in Serbian schools until the beginning of the First World War. The analysis of the content of the atlases was performed and presented, and as well as the different methodologies used by the authors during the creation of the atlas. The connection between the geography curriculum and the content of the atlas was pointed out, in accordance with the changes in the geography curriculum during the time. In addition to school atlases, the first atlases, made by Jovan Cvijić, will be presented, which aimed to show maps that relate to a clearly defined topic and these were the first such atlases within the framework of Serbian cartography.

The Making of the Experimental Subject: Apparatus, Automatism, and the Anxiety of the Early Avant-Garde

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 115-132
Author(s):  
Branden Hookway
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Psychology ◽  
First World War ◽  
Experimental Subject ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Sensory Thresholds ◽  
World War ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Testing And Measurement ◽  
First World

This essay presents the experimental subject as a figure of modernity. It addresses notions of control, sensory thresholds, automatism, and human agency through a study of experimental psychology and psychological apparatus from the late 19th century to the First World War, juxtaposing this with notions of experimentation in early 20th-century avant-garde movements. The human subject of experimental psychology, defined by its inexpression as it awaits the stimuli of testing and measurement, is treated as a prototype for the present-day user of technological interfaces.

British Air Force slang. Influence of the First World War

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Peter J. Mitchell ◽  
Andrey A. Andrakhanov ◽  
Egor V. Trusov
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
First World War ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
World War ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
World War One ◽  
Linguistic Support ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

World War One had an impact not only the development of international relations throughout the 20th century, but also led to the creation of air forces of different countries. More than 30 countries participated in the First World War. The British Empire, which fought on the side of the Entente, was one of them. During the First World War, the importance of the Air Force increased. It played a decisive role in gaining dominance amidst the aerospace. Aviation, which tasks included aerial reconnaissance and bomb attacks, evolved significantly. A huge number of new experimental military equipment have appeared. All of this produced a huge number of military slang terms. In this study, we will examine the slang terms that appeared in the slang of the British Air Force during the First World War, classify them and make a conclusion about the influence of the First World War on the development of military slang terms. During the training of specialists in the linguistic support of military activity, the topic of military slang remains understudied, which is why interpreters have difficulties in translating slang units. Therefore, the studying of this phenomenon can improve the skills of military interpreters and allow them to avoid major mistakes in their professional activity.

The Future of Ideals

2001 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 193-208
Author(s):  
John Skorupski
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
First World War ◽  
Ethical Culture ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
New Period ◽  
Bourgeois Culture ◽  
First World

The early part of the twentieth century was as revolutionary in the domain of ethical ideas as in other realms. An ethical culture inherited from the preceding century was to all appearance destroyed. This culture, the high-bourgeois culture of the nineteenth century, had emerged gradually from years of revolution and counter-revolution, and seemed then to be developing steadily and expanding its reach towards the end of the century and up to the first world war. Yet what followed it, and in fact overlapped with it, being already presaged well before the war, was quite other: the mainly 20th century phase we call ‘Modernism’, acutely fragmented not only in aesthetic but also in ethical terms, marked in politics by nationalist, collectivist and populist clashes. However, Modernism too, and in particular, many of the ideas in ethics which were characteristic of it, now belongs to history. That much has for some time been clear; the change is complicated, confused, hard to outline; discernibly though, we're in a new period and have been for perhaps a third of a century—quite how long depends on which aspect of change one considers, and on how one interprets its character.

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