scholarly journals Genetically determined vitamin D levels and change in bone density during a weight-loss diet intervention: the Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS Lost) Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 1129-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhou ◽  
Dianjianyi Sun ◽  
Yoriko Heianza ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Catherine M Champagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Dietary Fat Intake ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Dietary Strategies

ABSTRACT Background Obesity is closely associated with bone health. Although diet and weight loss produce many metabolic benefits, studies of weight loss diets on bone health are conflicting. Genetic variations, such as vitamin D levels, may partly account for these conflicting observations by regulating bone metabolism. Objective We investigated whether the genetic variation associated with vitamin D concentration affected changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in response to a weight-loss diet intervention. Design In the 2-y Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS Lost) trial, BMD was measured for 424 participants who were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 diets varying in macronutrient intakes. A genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated based on 3 genetic variants [i.e., 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) rs12785878, cytochrome P450 2R1 (CYP2R1) rs10741657 and group-specific component globulin (GC) rs2282679] related to circulating vitamin D levels. A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan was performed to assess changes in whole-body BMD over 2 y. The final analysis included 370 participants at baseline. Results We found a significant interaction between dietary fat intake and vitamin D GRS on 2-y changes in whole-body BMD (P-interaction = 0.02). In the high-fat diet group, participants with higher GRS showed significantly less reduction in whole-body BMD than those with lower GRS, whereas the genetic associations were not significant in the low-fat diet group. We also found a significant interaction between dietary fat intake and the GRS on 6-mo change in femur neck BMD (P-interaction = 0.02); however, the interaction became nonsignificant at 2 y. Conclusion Our data indicate that dietary fat intake may modify the effect of vitamin D–related genetic variation on changes in BMD. Overweight or obese patients predisposed to sufficient vitamin D may benefit more in maintaining BMD along with weight loss by eating a low-fat diet. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03258203.

scholarly journals Transection of Gustatory Nerves Differentially Affects Dietary Fat Intake in Obesity-Prone and Obesity-Resistant Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 541-548
Author(s):  
Allyson Schreiber ◽  
Hugh Douglas Braymer ◽  
Stefany D Primeaux
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Fungiform Papillae ◽  
Dietary Fat Intake ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Abstract The current prevalence of obesity has been linked to the consumption of highly palatable foods and may be mediated by a dysregulated or hyposensitive orosensory perception of dietary fat, thereby contributing to the susceptibility to develop obesity. The goal of the current study was to investigate the role of lingual taste input in obesity-prone (OP, Osborne-Mendel) and obesity-resistant (OR, S5B/Pl) rats on the consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD). Density of fungiform papillae was assessed as a marker of general orosensory input. To determine if orosensory afferent input mediates dietary fat intake, surgical transection of the chorda tympani and glossopharyngeal nerves (GLX/CTX) was performed in OP and OR rats and HFD caloric intake and body weight were measured. Fungiform papillae density was lower in OP rats, compared with OR rats. GLX/CTX decreased orosensory input in both OP and OR rats, as measured by an increase in the intake of a bitter, quinine solution. Consumption of low-fat diet was not altered by GLX/CTX in OP and OR rats; however, GLX/CTX decreased HFD intake in OR, without altering HFD intake in OP rats. Overall, these data suggest that inhibition of orosensory input in OP rats do not decrease fat intake, thereby supporting that idea that hyposensitive and/or dysregulated orosensory perception of highly palatable foods contribute to the susceptibility to develop obesity.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota metabolites, amino acid metabolites and improvements in insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism: the POUNDS Lost trial

Gut ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoriko Heianza ◽  
Dianjianyi Sun ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Joseph A DiDonato ◽  
George A Bray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Dietary Fat Intake

ObjectiveAlterations in gut microbiota have been linked to host insulin resistance, diabetes and impaired amino acid metabolism. We investigated whether changes in gut microbiota-dependent metabolite of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and its nutrient precursors (choline and L-carnitine) were associated with improvements in glucose metabolism and diabetes-related amino acids in a weight-loss diet intervention.DesignWe included 504 overweight and obese adults who were randomly assigned to one of four energy-reduced diets varying in macronutrient intake. The 6-month changes (Δ) in TMAO, choline and L-carnitine levels after the intervention were calculated.ResultsGreater decreases in choline and L-carnitine were significantly (p<0.05) associated with greater improvements in fasting insulin concentrations and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at 6 months. The reduction of choline was significantly related to 2-year improvements in glucose and insulin resistance. We found significant linkages between dietary fat intake and ΔTMAO for changes in fasting glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR (pinteraction <0.05); a greater increase in TMAO was related to lesser improvements in the outcomes among participants who consumed a high-fat diet. In addition, ΔL-carnitine and Δcholine were significantly related to changes in amino acids (including branched-chain and aromatic amino acids). Interestingly, the associations of ΔTMAO, Δcholine and ΔL-carnitine with diabetes-related traits were independent of the changes in amino acids.ConclusionOur findings underscore the importance of changes in TMAO, choline and L-carnitine in improving insulin sensitivity during a weight-loss intervention for obese patients. Dietary fat intake may modify the associations of TMAO with insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism.Trial registration numberNCT00072995.

Do Parent Anhedonia and Stress Contribute to Weight-related Parenting Practices, Child Dietary Fat Intake and Child BMI Percentile?

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor B. Tate ◽  
Susan M. Schembre ◽  
Gillian O'Reilly ◽  
Mary Ann Pentz ◽  
Genevieve Dunton
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Dietary Fat Intake ◽  
Child Bmi

Comparison of Dietary Fat Intake Using Food Records vs. RBC Fatty Acid Biomarkers in a Multiethnic Population—The Federal Women Study

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1893-P
Author(s):  
AMBER B. COURVILLE ◽  
SHANNA BERNSTEIN ◽  
MIRELLA GALVAN-DE LA CRUZ ◽  
ANTHONY ONUZURUIKE ◽  
NIRUPA R. MATTHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Food Records ◽  
Dietary Fat Intake ◽  
Multiethnic Population ◽  
Fatty Acid Biomarkers

1734-P: High Dietary Fat Intake Exacerbates Insulin Resistance in a Type 2 Diabetes Genetic Mouse Model

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1734-P
Author(s):  
AUSTIN REILLY ◽  
SHIJUN YAN ◽  
ALEXA J. LONCHARICH ◽  
HONGXIA REN
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Dietary Fat Intake ◽  
Genetic Mouse Model
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