A-147 The Relationship of FSIQ and Executive Functioning Performance to a Self-Report Measure of Shifting (BRIEF-Shift)

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1201-1201
Author(s):  
Nicholas Amitrano ◽  
Adam DeBoer ◽  
Maggie Bailey ◽  
Michael Scholz ◽  
Lisa Naatz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Unique Variance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Report Measure

Abstract Objective This study aimed to clarify the relationship between a self-report measure of set-shifting and performance-based measures of set-shifting as compared to FSIQ using the Trail Making Test-Part B (TMT-B), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) perseverative responses, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A) self-report shift index, and the full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV). Method Data from 65 individuals (34 females, mean age 36) from an outpatient clinic in Chicagoland was analyzed using 2 block-wise hierarchical regression analyses with BRIEF-A shift as the outcome variable and TMT-B, WCST, and WAIS-IV FSIQ data as the predictor variables. Results Intelligence accounted for 4.7% (R2 = 0.047, p = 0.08) of the unique variance in BRIEF-A Shift self-report. In contrast, the TMT-B and WCST data accounted for little unique variance in the model and was to significantly correlated (R2 = 0.028, p = 0.416). Conclusion The current data somewhat surprisingly indicates that FSIQ is a more robust predictor of BRIEF Shift than performance-based measures of cognitive flexibility. Implications including an understanding of response bias, general aptitude, and normative comparisons will be discussed.

scholarly journals Let Others Buy First: Identity Fusion Buffers the Effect of COVID-19 Phobia on Panic Buying Behavior From an Economic Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Tai Seih ◽  
Vi Thanh Tra ◽  
Marketa Lepicovsky ◽  
Yi-Ying Chang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Factor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Fusion Theory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Report Measure

The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused hundreds of millions of cases and millions of deaths, resulting in the development of COVID-19 phobia. To prevent getting COVID-19, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in many countries encourage people to protect themselves via several strategies, such as wearing face masks or using sanitizers when washing hands. However, at times, such supplies for preventing COVID-19 are limited. In this study, we examine the relationship between COVID-19 phobia and panic buying behavior from an economic perspective and test if identity fusion plays a buffering role for this phenomenon. Data was collected from September 4th to November 1st in 2020 across three countries (the United States, Germany, and Taiwan). A self-report measure of panic buying behavior was developed and culturally cross-validated. Moderation analyses were conducted focusing on the study objectives. Results show that the economic factor in COVID-19 phobia predicts panic buying behavior, and this effect is buffered by identity fusion. It is worthy to note that this buffering effect emerged only in the Taiwanese sample, not in the American or German samples. Implications of identity fusion theory in human behavior are discussed.

scholarly journals Automatic Intra-/Extra-Dimensional Attentional Set-Shifting Task in Adolescent Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariasole Ciampoli ◽  
Diego Scheggia ◽  
Francesco Papaleo
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Attentional Set ◽  
Attentional Set Shifting ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test ◽  
Set Shifting Task

Adolescence is a developmental period crucial for the maturation of higher-order cognitive functions. Indeed, adolescence deficits in executive functions are strong predictors of increased vulnerability to several mental disabilities later in life. Here, we tested adolescent mice in a fully-automated attentional set-shifting task equivalent to the humans’ Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery Intra-/Extra-Dimensional set-shift task (ID/ED). Compared to an adult, adolescent mice required more time to complete the task (≈16 days), and a higher percentage failed to finish the entire task. Nevertheless, adolescent mice completing this demanding task showed an increased effort in solving the extradimensional shift stage (EDS) compared to previous stages. Moreover, we found that this paradigm can be used to detect early cognitive dysfunctions in adolescent genetically modified mice. Thus, this automatic paradigm provides a further tool to assess attentional control in adolescent mice, and the development of dysfunctional executive functions from adolescence to adulthood.

scholarly journals The association between body dysmorphic symptoms and suicidality among adolescents and young adults: a genetically informative study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Georgina Krebs ◽  
Lorena Fernández de la Cruz ◽  
Frühling V. Rijsdijk ◽  
Daniel Rautio ◽  
Jesper Enander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Substantial Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Report Measure

Abstract Background Previous research indicates that body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is associated with risk of suicidality. However, studies have relied on small and/or specialist samples and largely focussed on adults, despite these difficulties commonly emerging in youth. Furthermore, the aetiology of the relationship remains unknown. Methods Two independent twin samples were identified through the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, at ages 18 (N = 6027) and 24 (N = 3454). Participants completed a self-report measure of BDD symptom severity. Young people and parents completed items assessing suicidal ideation/behaviours. Logistic regression models tested the association of suicidality outcomes with: (a) probable BDD, classified using an empirically derived cut-off; and (b) continuous scores of BDD symptoms. Bivariate genetic models examined the aetiology of the association between BDD symptoms and suicidality at both ages. Results Suicidal ideation and behaviours were common among those with probable BDD at both ages. BDD symptoms, measured continuously, were linked with all aspects of suicidality, and associations generally remained significant after adjusting for depressive and anxiety symptoms. Genetic factors accounted for most of the covariance between BDD symptoms and suicidality (72.9 and 77.7% at ages 18 and 24, respectively), but with significant non-shared environmental influences (27.1 and 22.3% at ages 18 and 24, respectively). Conclusions BDD symptoms are associated with a substantial risk of suicidal ideation and behaviours in late adolescence and early adulthood. This relationship is largely explained by common genetic liability, but non-shared environmental effects are also significant and could provide opportunities for prevention among those at high-risk.

scholarly journals A Dynamic Framework for Modelling Set-Shifting Performances

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco D’Alessandro ◽  
Luigi Lombardi
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Longitudinal Component ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Dynamic Framework ◽  
Cognitive States ◽  
Performance Trends ◽  
Substance Dependent ◽  
Set Shifting Task

Higher-order cognitive functions can be seen as a class of cognitive processes which are crucial in situations requiring a flexible adjustment of behaviour in response to changing demands of the environment. The cognitive assessment of these functions often relies on tasks which admit a dynamic, or longitudinal, component requiring participants to flexibly adapt their behaviour during the unfolding of the task. An intriguing feature of such experimental protocols is that they allow the performance of an individual to change as the task unfolds. In this work, we propose a Latent Markov Model approach to capture some dynamic aspects of observed response patterns of both healthy and substance dependent individuals in a set-shifting task. In particular, data from a Wisconsin Card Sorting Test were analysed in order to represent performance trends in terms of latent cognitive states dynamics. The results highlighted how a dynamic modelling approach can considerably improve the amount of information a researcher, or a clinician, can obtain from the analysis of a set-shifting task.

Antiserotonergic antipsychotics are associated with obsessive–compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 2361-2373 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Schirmbeck ◽  
C. Esslinger ◽  
F. Rausch ◽  
S. Englisch ◽  
A. Meyer-Lindenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Memory ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Group I

BackgroundEpidemiological investigations show that up to 30% of schizophrenic patients suffer from obsessive–compulsive symptoms (OCS) associated with negative impact on the general prognosis. It has been proposed that antiserotonergic second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) might induce OCS, but investigations of large samples integrating psychopathology, neuropsychology and psychopharmacology are missing.MethodWe stratified 70 patients with schizophrenia according to their mode of antipsychotic treatment: clozapine and olanzapine (group I) compared with aripiprazole and amisulpride (group II). The groups were matched according to age, sex, educational levels and severity of the psychotic disorder (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale). As the primary endpoint, we evaluated OCS severity (Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale).ResultsOCS were significantly more prevalent and severe in group I, in which OCS severity correlated with dosage of clozapine and duration of treatment. Pronounced cognitive deficits in group I were found in visuospatial perception and visual memory (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised block design, Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test), impulse inhibition (go/no-go test), higher perseveration scores (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) and reduced set-shift abilities (Trail Making Test Part B, Set-shift Task). These cognitive domains correlated with OCS severity.ConclusionsOCS in schizophrenia are associated with antiserotonergic SGA treatment, but longitudinal studies have to prove causality. Before starting treatment with antiserotonergic SGAs, specific neurocognitive domains should be evaluated, as visuospatial learning and impulse inhibition performance might allow early detection of OCS secondary to antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia.

Attentional set shifting modulates the target P3b Response in the Wisconsin card sorting test

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1342-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Barceló ◽  
Juan M Muñoz-Céspedes ◽  
Miguel A Pozo ◽  
Francisco J Rubia
Keyword(s):  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Attentional Set ◽  
Attentional Set Shifting ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test

Felt Arousal, Thoughts/Feelings, and Ski Performance

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Raedeke ◽  
Gary L. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Arousal Level ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Performance Ratings ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Report Measure ◽  
Ski Racers

This study examined the relationship between felt arousal, thoughts/feelings, and ski performance based on recent arousal and affect conceptualizations. An eclectic integration of these perspectives suggests that to understand the arousal-performance relationship, researchers need to examine not only a felt arousal continuum (i.e., intensity or level ranging from low to high), but also a concomitant thoughts and feelings continuum (i.e., ranging from positive to negative). Recreational slalom ski racers completed a self-report measure examining felt arousal and thoughts/feelings prior to several ski runs. Results demonstrated a significant relationship between felt arousal level, thoughts/feelings, and subjective ski performance ratings, but not for actual ski times. In contrast to the inverted-U hypothesis for subjective performance ratings, high felt arousal is not associated with poor performance ratings if it is accompanied by positive thoughts and feelings.

Hostility Conflict and Reporting of Side Effects by Psychiatric Outpatients

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Downing ◽  
Karl Rickels
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Partial Replication ◽  
Drug Trials ◽  
Psychiatric Outpatients ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Report Measure

The Irritability, Indirect Hostility, Verbal Hostility, and Resentment scales from the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, along with a newly constructed scale intended as a self-report measure of Hostility Conflict, were administered to 84 non-psychotic, primarily anxious psychiatric outpatients receiving an active anxiolytic and participating in one of several 4-wk. double-blind drug trials. Patients who complained of one or more side effects after 2 wk. of treatment were classified as side reactors; the remaining patients, as non-side reactors. Compared to non-side reactors, the side reactors obtained higher hostility conflict scores and lower scores on the Irritability and Indirect Hostility scales. Also, the relationship between side effect status and hostility conflict was stronger in those patients who obtained higher scores on the Irritability, Indirect Hostility, and Verbal Hostility scales and among patients obtaining lower scores on the Resentment scale. Findings were regarded as providing partial replication of and further verification of earlier results.

A non-human primate test of abstraction and set shifting: An automated adaptation of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara L. Moore ◽  
Ronald J. Killiany ◽  
James G. Herndon ◽  
Douglas L. Rosene ◽  
Mark B. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test ◽  
Human Primate
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